Endocrine Ch. 14
7. A nurse makes a list of symptoms that a patient who is taking methimazole drug, should report. What should this list include? (Select all that apply.) (Tapazole), a thionamide A. Becoming pregnant B. Jaundice C. Blood in the stool d. Rash e. Urine retention
A. Becoming pregnant B. Jaundice C. Blood in the stool d. Rash
2. T3, T4, and calcitonin are a. secreted by the thyroid gland. b. secreted by the parathyroid glands. с. secreted in response to declining plasma levels of calcium. d. steroids.
A. Secreted by the thyroid gland
4. A patient asks about his laboratory test, which showed a high level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and a low level of T4. What is the most accurate explanation? a. "It means that you have an inconsistency in your thyroid tests, and you will need more testing." b. "I am sorry. You will have to ask your physician about your laboratory results. We are not allowed to discuss them." C. "The TSH is sending a message to your thyroid gland to increase production, but your thyroid isn't producing enough hormone." d. "That means that you will have to go on hormone therapy for the rest of your life."
C. "The TSH is sending a message to your thyroid gland to increase production, but your thyroid isn't producing enough hormone."
1. Which of the following is least descriptive of the hypothalamus? a. Secretes releasing hormones b. Controls the secretion of the anterior pituitary gland c. Secretes ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins d. Synthesizes oxytocin and ADH
C. Secretes ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins
3. Which significant need should be included in instructions to a patient scheduled for a thyroid scan (1231)? a. Provide a special container to collect urine for the next 24 hours. B. Wear a protective apron to shield him or her from radiation for the next 24 hours. с. Request that visitors keep a distance of at least 6 feet away for the next 24 hours. d. Do not consume iodine for one week before the test..
a. Provide a special container to collect urine for the next 24 hours.
61. Which of the following is true of the hypothalamus? a. Secretes releasing hormones into the portal capillaries b. Composed of glandular tissue с. Called the adenohypophysis d. Connected to the neurohypophysis by the portal capillaries
a. Secretes releasing hormones into the portal capillaries
2. Which instruction should a nurse provide when a patient starts taking a saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI)? a. Sip medication through a straw to prevent tooth staining. b. Double the dose if a dose is missed. C. Expect excessive salivation. d. Take before meals.
a. Sip medication through a straw to prevent tooth staining.
89. Why is the posterior pituitary gland called the neurohypophysis? a. The posterior pituitary gland is an extension of the hypothalamus. b. The neurohypophysis secretes releasing hormones. с. The posterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate adenohypophyseal function. d. The posterior pituitary gland secretes releasing hormones.
a. The posterior pituitary gland is an extension of the hypothalamus.
90. Which of the following is true of both prolactin and oxytocin? Both a. are concerned with lactation. b. are secreted by the adenohypophysis. с. stimulate the mammary glands to make milk. d. are concerned only with lactation.
a. are concerned with lactation.
88. What do the following hormones have in common: growth hormone, cortisol, and epinephrine? All a. are secreted by the adrenal glands. b. raise blood glucose. c. suppress gluconeogenesis. d. are steroids.
a. are secreted by the adrenal glands.
8. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin a. are secreted by the neurohypophysis. b. are mineralocorticoids. с. are secreted by the islets of Langerhans. d. stimulate the kidney to excrete Nat and water.
a. are secreted by the neurohypophysis.
54. A benign tumor of the adrenal medulla a. causes life-threatening low blood pressure. b. is called a pheochromocytoma. с. causes Addison's disease. d. causes excess secretion of cortisol.
a. causes life-threatening low blood pressure.
111. The "melting of flesh into urine," an old-timey name, is most descriptive of untreated a. diabetes mellitus. b. Addison's disease. c. diabetes insipidus. d. Cushing syndrome.
a. diabetes mellitus.
81. Virilization is characterized by a. excess facial hair. b. buffalo hump. с. truncal obesity. d. gonadal atrophy.
a. excess facial hair
65. Aldosterone a. is a mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. b. functions in the regulation of blood glucose levels. с. stimulates the kidney to excrete sodium and reabsorb potassium. d. All of the above are true.
a. is a mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex.
30. Oxytocin a. is a neurohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the uterine muscle to contract, thereby assisting in labor. b. is a gonadotropin. с. stimulates the kidney to reabsorb Na* and water, thereby expanding blood volume. d. is a mineralocorticoid.
a. is a neurohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the uterine muscle to contract, thereby assisting in labor.
18. Enlargement of the thyroid gland a. is called a goiter. b. causes Addisonian crisis. с. makes a person appear cushingoid. d. causes hypocalcemic tetany.
a. is called a goiter.
35. Insulin d. is released by the pancreas in response с. raises blood glucose levels. b. is secreted by the liver. a. is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. to low blood glucose levels.
a. is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. to low blood glucose levels.
104. Glucagon a. is secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose. b. regulates sodium and water balance. с. is a steroid. d. is a glucocorticoid.
a. is secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose.
14. The adrenal cortex a. is the target gland of ACTH. b. secretes catecholamines. с. is an extension of the sympathetic nervous system. d. secretes ADH and oxytocin.
a. is the target gland of ACTH.
79. Cushing syndrome a. may be caused by steroid (prednisone) therapy. b. is caused by adrenal insufficiency. с. is characterized by hypoglycemia and low blood volume. d. is treated with growth hormone.
a. may be caused by steroid (prednisone) therapy.
107. Hyperglycemia, glucosuria, polyuria, and acidosis are a. most apt to be caused by a deficiency of insulin. b. characteristic of diabetes insipidus. с. the consequences of a hormone-secreting tumor of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. d. indicative of a deficiency of ADH.
a. most apt to be caused by a deficiency of insulin.
25. Testosterone is best described as a. virilizing. b. lactogenic. c. adenohypophyseal. d. pancreatic.
a. virilizing.
22. Which of the following is not controlled by a hypothalamic-releasing hormone? a. АСТH b. ADH с. Growth hormone d. Prolactin
b. ADH
6. An older patient with hypothyroidism asks why her daily dose of thyroid hormone, which she has taken for 15 years, has been reduced. What is nurse's best rationale when explaining what the decreased dose is related to? a. Improved efficacy of the thyroid preparation b. Age-related reduction in metabolic rate c. Drug-related hypertrophy of the thyroid d. Changes in your diet and activity level
b. Age-related reduction in metabolic rate
91. Which of the following is the most important effect of somatotropic hormone? a. Promotion of the urinary excretion of calcium b. Growth of the musculoskeletal system с. Regulation of sodium and water balance d. Initiates and sustains labor to terminate pregnancy
b. Growth of the musculoskeletal system
98. A patient has been receiving a large dose of prednisone for the relief of arthritic pain for 6 months. He suddenly stops taking his medication. What is the most serious concern? a. His arthritic pain will recur. b. He will develop an acute adrenal insufficiency. с. He will continue to exhibit symptoms of Cushing syndrome. d. He will develop a moon face and buffalo hump.
b. He will develop an acute adrenal insufficiency.
92. What two effects does PTH exert on the kidneys? a. Blocks sodium reabsorption and increases the excretion of water b. Increases calcium reabsorption and increases the excretion of phosphate in the urine c. Decreases the reabsorption of both calcium and phosphate d. Increases the excretion of Ht and the excretion of bicarbonate
b. Increases calcium reabsorption and increases the excretion of phosphate in the urine
86. The bones, kidneys, and intestine are target organs of this calcium-regulator hormone. a. T3 and T4 b. PTH с. АСТH d. Oxytocin
b. PTH
82. Which of the following is not under the direct control of the pituitary gland? a. Adrenal cortical secretion of glucocorticoid b. Parathyroid secretion of PTH c. Thyroid gland secretion of T3 and T4 d. Ovarian secretion of estrogen and progesterone
b. Parathyroid secretion of PTH
27. Which of the following structures connects the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis? a. Islets of Langerhans b. Portal capillaries с. Corpus callosum d. Medulla oblongata
b. Portal capillaries
28. Which of the following hormones are found within the hypophyseal-hypothalamic portal capillaries? a. Gonadotropins b. Releasing hormones с. Catecholamines d. Mineralocorticoids
b. Releasing hormones
38. Which of the following steroids is an androgen? a. Progesterone b. Testosterone с. Estrogen d. Aldosterone
b. Testosterone
101. The beta cells of the islets of Langerhans a. are the hormone-secreting cells of the adrenal cortex. b. are insulin-secreting pancreatic cells. с. secrete releasing hormones. d. secrete steroids.
b. are insulin-secreting pancreatic cells.
78. Hyperglycemia a. is caused by excess insulin. b. causes glucosuria and polyuria. с. causes hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. d. is characteristic of adrenal insufficiency.
b. causes glucosuria and polyuria.
19. "Sugar, salt, and sex" is descriptive of a. ACTH, TSH, and somatotropic hormone. b. cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone. с. epinephrine, norepinephrine, and estrogen. d. insulin, glucagon, and cortisol
b. cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone.
29. A deficiency of insulin causes a. hypocalcemia. b. hyperglycemia. c. Cushing's syndrome. d. adrenal shock.
b. hyperglycemia.
100. Excess insulin is most apt to cause a. ketosis. b. hypoglycemia. с. hypertension. d. diuresis.
b. hypoglycemia
5. Steroids a. are secreted by the adrenal medulla. b. include the glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens. с. stimulate the membranes of the target cells to produce the second chemical messenger, CAMP. d. are secreted by the pancreas.
b. include the glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens.
33. The only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels is a. glucagon. b. insulin. с. epinephrine. d. cortisol.
b. insulin
95. Thyroxine a. is TSH. b. is T4 с. exerts negative feedback control on the secretion of T3 d. lowers basal metabolic rate.
b. is T4
58. Excessive eating despite plenty of glucose in the blood is called a. acidosis b. polyuria c. polydipsia d. polyphagia
b. polyuria
103. A hormone that suppresses gluconeogenesis a. increases the renal excretion of sodium and water. b. prevents hyperglycemia с. causes diuresis. d. causes hypocalcemia.
b. prevents hyperglycemia
12. The adenohypophysis a. secretes ADH and oxytocin. b. refers to the anterior pituitary gland. с. secretes releasing hormones. mineralocorticoids, and androgens. d. secretes glucocorticoids,
b. refers to the anterior pituitary gland.
70. T3 and T4 a. stimulate the adenohypophysis to secrete TSH. b. regulate the basal metabolic rate (BMR). с. stimulate osteoclastic activity, thereby elevating plasma calcium levels. d. All of the above are true.
b. regulate the basal metabolic rate (BMR).
4. The islets of Langerhans a. are cells found in the adenohypophysis. b. secrete insulin and glucagon. с. secrete steroids. d. secrete releasing hormones.
b. secrete insulin and glucagon.
64. The adrenal medulla a. is an extension of the "feed-and-breed" division of the autonomic nervous system. b. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. с. secretes steroids. d. causes Cushing syndrome when it is overactive.
b. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
34. PTH a. lowers plasma calcium. b. stimulates osteoclastic activity. с. is an iodine-containing hormone. d. stimulates osteoblastic activity and causes blood calcium levels to increase.
b. stimulates osteoclastic activity.
106. Identify the glands associated with these hormones: gonadotropins, aldosterone, and epinephrine. a. Adenohypophysis, neurohypophysis, pancreas b. Adenohypophysis, anterior pituitary, adrenal cortex c. Adenohypophysis, posterior pituitary, adrenal medulla d. Anterior pituitary, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla
c. Adenohypophysis, posterior pituitary, adrenal medulla
55. Which of the following is most responsive to treatment with thyroxine? a. Diabetes mellitus b. Hyperglycemia c. Myxedema d. Graves' disease
c. Myxedema
112. This cone-shaped gland is located in the head and is called the "biological clock." a. Posterior pituitary b. Hypothalamus c. Pineal d. Thymus
c. Pineal
97. What is the most critical need for the child with newly diagnosed cretinism? a. Thyroidectomy b. Administration of a radioactive cocktail of 1311 (radioactive iodine) c. Replacement dose of thyroid hormones d. Replacement dose of calcitonin
c. Replacement dose of thyroid hormones
53. Excess secretion of epinephrine a. relieves anxiety. b. stimulates the synthesis of glycogen. c. elevates blood glucose levels. d. slows heart rate and lowers blood pressure.
c. elevates blood glucose levels.
6. The adrenal medulla a. is controlled primarily by ACTH. b. secretes steroids. c. is associated with the fight-or-flight response. d. secretes iodine-containing hormones.
c. is associated with the fight-or-flight response.
41. Hypocalcemic tetany a. causes a flaccid paralysis. b. resembles neuromuscular blockade by curare. c. may be caused by a deficiency of PTH. d. is caused by a deficiency of insulin.
c. may be caused by a deficiency of PTH.
113. Epinephrine (adrenaline) increases blood glucose by a. increasing transport of glucose into the cell. b. stimulating gluconeogenesis. c. stimulating the hepatic conversion of glycogen into glucose. d. converting fatty acids into glucose.
c. stimulating the hepatic conversion of glycogen into glucose.
23. Growth hormone a. is secreted by the adenohypophysis. b. stimulates growth of the musculoskeletal system. с. is also called somatotropic hormone. d All of the above are true.
d All of the above are true.
52. Obesity a. antagonizes insulin. b. elevates blood glucose levels. с. increases blood pressure. d. All of the above are true.
d. All of the above are true.
109. Identify the hormones that are secreted by these glands: adrenal cortex, pancreas, and adenohypophysis. a. ADH, aldosterone, glucagon b. Epinephrine, insulin, ACTH c. Androgen, glucagon, ADH d. Cortisol, insulin, growth hormone
d. Cortisol, insulin, growth hormone
47. Which of the following is most likely to cause the secretion of calcitonin? a. Hypocalcemia b. Нурerglycemia с. Dehydration d. Elevated plasma calcium level
d. Elevated plasma calcium level
71. Which of the following suppress(es) the secretion of ACTH? a. Elevated blood glucose levels b. Dietary iodine с. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) d. Elevated plasma cortisol levels
d. Elevated plasma cortisol levels
105. Which of the following is least characteristic of the function of insulin? a. Increases glucose transport (into the cell) b. Suppresses gluconeogenesis с. Lowers blood glucose d. Increases the generation of ketone bodies
d. Increases the generation of ketone bodies
39. Which of the following is a function of parathyroid hormone? a. It causes the excretion of calcium in the urine. b. It stimulates osteoblastic activity to form bone. с. It stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete calcitonin. d. It increases plasma levels of calcium.
d. It increases plasma levels of calcium.
1. A patient is receiving the medication octreotide (Sandostatin) as a treatment for acromegaly. What should the nurse explain regarding this medication? a. It reverses the effects of acromegaly. b. It should be given on a daily basis by injection. C. It increases insulin secretion causing hypoglycemia. d. It suppresses the growth hormone.
d. It suppresses the growth hormone.
37. The secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland suppresses further secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland. What is this interaction called? a. Cerebral lateralization b. Circadian rhythm с. Cellular differentiation d. Negative feedback control
d. Negative feedback control
10. Which of the following is the response to low plasma levels of calcium? a. Secretion of calcitonin b. Secretion of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans с. Inhibition of the adenohypophyseal release of ACTH d. Secretion of PTH
d. Secretion of PTH
16. Which of the following is least associated with the adrenal medulla? a. Catecholamines b. Epinephrine and norepinephrine с. Fight-or-flight response d. Sugar, salt, and sex
d. Sugar, salt, and sex
80. Abrupt, sudden withdrawal of prednisone (cortisol) is most likely to cause a. Cushing syndrome. b. hypocalcemic tetany. с. diabetes insipidus. d. acute adrenal insufficiency.
d. acute adrenal insufficiency.
75. A deficiency of dietary iodine a. lowers plasma calcium levels. b. causes low blood volume and shock. с. decreases the synthesis of calcitonin. d. causes a goiter.
d. causes a goiter.
99. Cushing syndrome and Addison's disease are a. forms of chronic adrenal cortical hypofunction. b. forms of chronic adrenal cortical hypersecretion. c. treated with replacement doses of cortisol (i.e., prednisone). d. disorders of the adrenal cortex.
d. disorders of the adrenal cortex.
40. Cretinism, myxedema, and Graves' disease are all a. thyroid hormone deficiency diseases. b. thyroid hormone disorders caused by oversecretion of thyroxine. с. calcium imbalances due primarily to the lack of calcitonin. d. disorders of thyroid gland function.
d. disorders of thyroid gland function.
45. The person with _________ is most likely to receive insulin therapy. a. myxedema b. Graves' disease с. diabetes insipidus d. hyperglycemia
d. hyperglycemia
17. Catecholamines a. include cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone. b. are secreted by the adrenal cortex. с. lower plasma glucose levels. d. include epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine.
d. include epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine.
108. Ketosis and acidosis are a. most apt to be caused by an excess of insulin. b. characteristic of diabetes insipidus. с. best treated with ADH. d. indicative of a rapid and incomplete metabolism of fatty acids.
d. indicative of a rapid and incomplete metabolism of fatty acids.
62. The anterior pituitary gland a. is called the neurohypophysis. b. releases ADH and oxytocin. с. secretes releasing hormones. d. is connected to the hypothalamus by the portal capillaries.
d. is connected to the hypothalamus by the portal capillaries.
32. TSH a. stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete calcitonin. thyrotropin-releasing hormone. b. is secreted by the neurohypophysis. с. stimulates the hypothalamus to secrete TRH, d. is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
d. is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
42. The neurohypophysis a. is the anterior pituitary gland. b. secretes ACTH, TSH, and the gonadotropins. с. secretes the releasing hormones. d. is the posterior pituitary gland.
d. is the posterior pituitary gland.
7. Iodine-containing hormones a. include thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). b. are secreted by the hypothalamus as releasing hormones. с. are steroids. d. regulate the metabolic rate.
d. regulate the metabolic rate.
63. ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins are a. hypothalamic-releasing hormones. b. secreted by the neurohypophysis. с. "aimed at" the adrenal cortex. d. tropic hormones.
d. tropic hormones.
51. Insulin a. stimulates the formation of glycogen. b. increases the transport of glucose into a cell. с. stimulates the synthesis of proteins and fats. d.) All of the above are true.
d.) All of the above are true
110. Identify the glands that secrete these hormones: glucagon, PTH, and TSH. d. Testes, thymus, adenohypophysis с. Pancreas, parathyroid, anterior pituitary b. Adrenal cortex, pancreas, neurohypophysis a. Neurohypophysis, pancreas, ovary
с. Pancreas, parathyroid, anterior pituitary
44. Which gland secretes melatonin and is concerned with our biological rhythms? a. Pancreas b. Adenohypophysis с. Pineal gland d. Adrenal gland
с. Pineal gland
59. Which group is incorrect? a. Hormones of the anterior pituitary gland: ACTH, prolactin, TSH, growth hormone b. Hormones of the posterior pituitary gland: ADH, oxytocin с. Steroids: cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, epinephrine d. Secretions of the gonads: estrogen, progesterone, testosterone
с. Steroids: cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, epinephrine
5. A patient has been given an antithyroid drug called methimazole. What appropriate nursing implementations should be included? a. Using special radioactive b. Monitoring her vital signs and withholding the medications if her pulse is greater precautions for her urine for the first 24 hours than 100 beats/min с. Teaching her to watch for and report any signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism or infections d. Keeping her on a low-calorie, low-protein
с. Teaching her to watch for and report any signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism or infections
36. ACTH stimulates the d. adrenal medulla to secrete glucagon. с. adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol. b. adenohypophysis to secrete cortisol. a. hypothalamus to secrete corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).
с. adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol.
24. Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone a. are feminizing hormones. b. induce virilization. с. are secreted by the gonads. d. are secreted by the adenohypophysis.
с. are secreted by the gonads.
96. Myxedema, Graves' disease, and cretinism are a. hypothyroid disorders. b. due to a deficiency of TSH. с. disorders of the thyroid gland. d. best treated with T3 and/or
с. disorders of the thyroid gland.
48. Ketoacidosis is most related to a. adrenocortical insufficiency. b. Cushing's syndrome. с. excess fatty acid catabolism. d. hyperglycemia.
с. excess fatty acid catabolism.
77. A deficiency of ADH most likely a. elevates blood glucose levels. b. causes diabetes mellitus. с. induces polyuria. d. expands blood volume.
с. induces polyuria.
50. Bronzing a. always accompanies hyperglycemia. b. is the most prominent symptom of Cushing syndrome. с. is characteristic of chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency (Addison's disease). d. is a consequence of ADH insufficiency.
с. is characteristic of chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency (Addison's disease).
102. Iodine is a. used by the adenohypophysis to TSH. b. necessary for the synthesis of calcitonin by the thyroid gland.synthesize с. necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. d. necessary for the synthesis of both PTH and calcitonin
с. necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.
72. Glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, and epinephrine a. are all secreted by the adrenal gland. b. expand blood volume. с. raise blood glucose levels. d. stimulate osteoclastic activity.
с. raise blood glucose levels.
66. The pancreas a. secretes steroids that are concerned with sugar, salt, and sex. b. is controlled by the adenohypophysis. с. secretes hormones that affect blood glucose levels. d. secretes iodine-containing hormones that regulate the basal metabolic rate.
с. secretes hormones that affect blood glucose levels.
21. Lactogenic hormone a. is also called oxytocin. b. is a gonadotropin. с. stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk. d. exerts its greatest effect on the gonads.
с. stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk.
57. Iodine, colloid, and goiter refer to which gland? a. Pancreas b. Parathyroid c. Thyroid d. Neurohypophysis
c. Thyroid
13. Which gland secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone? a. Neurohypophysis b. Pancreas с. Adrenal medulla d. Anterior pituitary gland
a. Neurohypophysis
85. Which of the following is descriptive of the adrenal cortex? a. It is the target gland of ACTH. b. It secretes catecholamines. с. It secretes hormones that lower blood glucose. d. It secretes iodine-containing hormones.
a. It is the target gland of ACTH
67. Which of the following best describes the function of insulin? a. Lowers blood glucose levels b. Stimulates cells to make glucose (gluconeogenesis) c. Deficiency causes diabetes insipidus d. Decreases blood volume
a. Lowers blood glucose levels
56. Which gland secretes two hormones, one that elevates blood glucose levels and another that decreases blood glucose levels? a. Pancreas b. Adenohypophysis c. Thyroid d. Adrenal cortex
a. Pancreas
31. Which of the following is most descriptive of CAMP? a. Second chemical messenger b. Catecholamine that contributes to the fight-or-flight response с. Steroid d. Releasing hormone
a. Second chemical messenger
8. What are the common age-related changes in the endocrine system? (Select all that apply.) a. Diminished d. Decreased risk for hypothyroidism. c. Reduction in protein synthesis. b. Decline in growth hormone (GH) production. response to antidiuretic hormone (ADH). e. Decline in cortisol secretion.
Ask
74. Which if the following are concerned with "sugar, salt, and sex"? A. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and adrenaline B. Glucagon, insulin, and thymosin C. ICSH, FSH, and LH D. Glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgen
D. Glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgen
93. Which of the following posterior pituitary hormones causes the kidney to decrease its excretion of urine? a. ADH b. АСТH c. Aldosterone d. Oxytocin
a. ADH
15. Which gland is associated with "sugar, salt, and sex"? a. Adrenal cortex b. Pancreas c. Parathyroid gland d. Neurohypophysis
a. Adrenal cortex
83. The secretion of this gland enhances a sympathetic response. a. Adrenal medulla b. Pancreas C. Adrenal cortex d. Parathyroid
a. Adrenal medulla
68. As plasma levels of calcium decrease a. insulin is secreted. b. the parathyroid glands secrete an osteoclastic hormone. с. the kidneys excrete calcium and phosphorus. d. calcitonin is secreted.
b. the parathyroid glands secrete an osteoclastic hormone.
20. Insulin, cortisol, thyroxine, and oxytocin hormones. a. are hypothalamic-releasing adenohypophysis. b. are secreted by the с. increase blood glucose levels. d. are hormones.
d. are hormones.
3. Insulin and glucagon a. are secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. b. elevate blood glucose levels. с. are secreted in response to declining plasma levels of glucose. d. are secreted by the pancreas to regulate blood glucose.
d. are secreted by the pancreas to regulate blood glucose.
26. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone a. are both secreted by the parathyroid glands. b. increase plasma levels of calcium. с. decrease plasma levels of calcium. d. control plasma levels of calcium.
d. control plasma levels of calcium.
69. Hypocalcemic tetany a. is a consequence of a deficiency of calcitonin. b. is caused by a lack of TSH. с. is caused by osteoclastic activity. d. develops in response to a deficiency of parathyroid activity.
d. develops in response to a deficiency of parathyroid activity.
73. Which of the following is descriptive of prolactin? a. Secreted by the posterior pituitary gland b. Also called lactogenic hormone с. Causes the milk let-down reflex d. Stimulates the neurohypophysis to synthesize oxytocin
с. Causes the milk let-down reflex
84. Which of the following hormones exerts negative feedback control on the secretion of ACTH? a. PTH b. Glucagon с. Cortisol d. Corticotrophin-releasing
с. Cortisol
49. Which of the following is characterized by excess urine production resulting in low blood volume? a. Cushing syndrome b. Tetany с. Diabetes insipidus d. Oversecretion of ACTH
с. Diabetes insipidus
11. What is the stimulus for the release of insulin? a. Low plasma levels of calcium b. High plasma levels of potassium с. High plasma levels of glucose d. Low blood volume
с. High plasma levels of glucose
46. The hypersecretion of which hormone is least likely to cause hyperglycemia? a. Cortisol b. Growth hormone с. Insulin d. Epinephrine (adrenalin)
с. Insulin
43. What is the most likely effect of a deficiency of aldosterone? d. Goiter formation с. Low blood volume and hypotension b. Low level of potassium a. High blood pressure in the blood
с. Low blood volume and hypotension
87. This hormone stimulates osteoclastic activity, causing bone resorption. a. Calcitonin b. Androgen с. PTH d. Thyroxine
с. PTH
76. Which of the following is not a function of insulin? a. Lowering blood glucose levels b. Promoting protein synthesis с. Simulating hepatic gluconeogenesis d. Promoting fatty acid synthesis
с. Simulating hepatic gluconeogenesis
9. Portal capillaries carry releasing hormones from the brain to the a. neurohypophysis. b. pancreas. с. anterior pituitary gland. d. posterior pituitary gland.
с. anterior pituitary gland.
94. This adrenal cortical mineralocorticoid helps regulate salt and water balance. a. Aldosterone b. Glucagon с. Cortisol d. ADH
a. Aldosterone
60. Which group is incorrect? a. Hormones of the anterior pituitary gland: ACTH, prolactin, TSH, oxytocin b. Steroids: cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone c. Secretions of the gonads: estrogen, progesterone, testosterone d. Hormones secreted by the thyroid gland: T3, T4, calcitonin
a. Hormones of the anterior pituitary gland: ACTH, prolactin, TSH, oxytocin