Endocrine
Anterior Pituitary Gland
ACTH, TSH, GH, PRL, FSH, LH, MSH
Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary
[ ADH ] antidiuretic hormone oxytocin
Homones of the Anterior Pituitary
[ GH ] growth hormone [ TSH ] thyroid-stimulating hormone [ ACTH ] adrenocorticotropic hormone
Hormones of the Hypothalamus
[ GHRH ] growth hormone-releasing hormone [ GHIH ] growth hormone-inhibiting hormone [ CRH ] corticotropin-releasing hormone
Hormones of the Hypothalamus
[ GRH / GnRH ] gonadotropin-releasing hormone [ TRH ] thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Homones of the Anterior Pituitary
[ PRL ] prolactin [ LH ] luteinizing hormone [ FSH ] follicle-stimulating hormone
Hypothryroidism
a condition in which there is a lack of thyroxine in the blood.
Hyperthyroidism
a condition in which there is an oversecretion of thyroxine in the blood.
[ T3 ] Triiodothyronine
a hormone made by the thyroid gland. it has three iodine molecules attached to its molecular structure.
Luteinizing Hormone
a hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males.
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
a hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland.
Oxytocin
a hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland that stimulates labor contractions and milk release.
Aldosterone
a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that acts on the kidneys to promote sodium retention and potassium excretion.
Pineal Gland
above the thalamus in the epithalamus (of the brain). produces a hormone called melatonin.
Which is more potent of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline?
adrenaline
Name two hormones produced by the Adrenal Medulla.
adrenaline (epinephrine) noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
Hypothryroidism
after growth years results in low metabolic rate, depression, fatigue, weight gain, and tendency to retain water, especially in the face.
[ CT ] Calcitonin
also called Thyrocalcitonin.
Pituitary Gland
an endocrine gland suspended from the hypothalamus and housed in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone; secretes numerous hormones, most of which regulate the activities of other glands.
Thyrocalcitonin
decreases the level of calcium ions in the blood by causing calcium to be absorbed by bone.
Function of GHIH
decreases the release of growth hormone fr the pituitary gland.
Function of ADH
dilutes blood & increases fluid volume by increasing water reabsorption in the kidney.
Hypothryroidism
during growth years results in mental retardation and dwarfism characterized by a large head and small limbs.
Adrenal Glands
each consist of: -an outer cortex -an inner medulla
Adrenal Glands
each of the two adrenal glands is situated on the superior surface of one kidney.
Thyroid Hormone
either of two similar hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, synthesized from iodine and tyrosine.
Function of FSH
estrogen secretion & sperm production
Parathyroid Glands
four small nodules found on the back of the thyroid gland that produce parathyroid hormone (PTH).
How are Adrenaline and Noradrenaline produced?
from the amino acid Tyrosine.
[ T4 ] Thyroxin(e) (*note: can be spelled with or without an "e" on the end.)
has several functions: -stimulates growth in children (anabolism) -stimulates the breakdown of glucose for energy (catabolism)
Function of PRL
increase milk production
Function of TSH
increase secretion of thyroid hormones
Function of ACTH
increase steriod secretion from adrenal glands
Function of CRH
increase the release of adrenocortiocotropic hormone fr the pituitary gland.
Function of GHRH
increase the release of growth hormone fr the pituitary gland.
Function of GRH / GnRH
increase the release of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone fr the pituitary gland.
Function of TRH
increase the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from pituitary gland.
Function of GH
increase tissue growth
Function of oxytocin
increase uterine contractions.
Pancreas
insulin glucagon
Thymus
located behind the sternum.
Adrenal Gland
medulla: epinephrine [ E ] norepinephrine [ NE ] cortex: cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, aldosterone
Gonads
ovaries - female: estrogen, progesterone testes - male: androgens (esp. testosterone)
Parathyroid Gland
parathyroid hormone [ PTH ]
Hypothalamus
regulatory hormones; production of ADH & oxytocin
Posterior Pituitary
release of oxytocin & ADH
[ PTH ] Parathyroid Hormone
secreted by the parathyroid gland increases blood calcium by causing the release of calcium from bone.
Endocrine System
secretes hormones that help to regulate homeostatis and body function.
Thyroid Gland
situated at the base of the neck. it secretes two hormones— thyroxine and thyrocalcitonin.
Pancreas Islets
small clusters of endocrine cells in the pancreas that secrete insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and other intercellular messengers; also called ISLETS OF LANGERHANS.
Function of LH
stimulates ovaries & testes for ovulation & sperm production
Pituitary Gland
the "master gland of the body," because its hormones control the activity of other endocrine glands.
Ketonuria
the abnormal presence of ketones in the urine as an effect of ketosis.
Thymus
the hormones of the thymus are essential to the development of the immune system and T cells. it is large in children and diminishes in size throughout adulthood.
[ T4 ] Thyroxine
the thyroid hormone secreted in greatest quantity, with four iodine atoms; also called tetraiodothyronine.
Thymus
thymosin
Thyroid Gland
thyroxine [ T4 ] triiodothyronine [ T3 ] calcitonin [ CT ]