Endocrine

Anterior Pituitary Gland

ACTH, TSH, GH, PRL, FSH, LH, MSH

Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary

[ ADH ] antidiuretic hormone oxytocin

Homones of the Anterior Pituitary

[ GH ] growth hormone [ TSH ] thyroid-stimulating hormone [ ACTH ] adrenocorticotropic hormone

Hormones of the Hypothalamus

[ GHRH ] growth hormone-releasing hormone [ GHIH ] growth hormone-inhibiting hormone [ CRH ] corticotropin-releasing hormone

Hormones of the Hypothalamus

[ GRH / GnRH ] gonadotropin-releasing hormone [ TRH ] thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Homones of the Anterior Pituitary

[ PRL ] prolactin [ LH ] luteinizing hormone [ FSH ] follicle-stimulating hormone

Hypothryroidism

a condition in which there is a lack of thyroxine in the blood.

Hyperthyroidism

a condition in which there is an oversecretion of thyroxine in the blood.

[ T3 ] Triiodothyronine

a hormone made by the thyroid gland. it has three iodine molecules attached to its molecular structure.

Luteinizing Hormone

a hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males.

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone

a hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland.

Oxytocin

a hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland that stimulates labor contractions and milk release.

Aldosterone

a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that acts on the kidneys to promote sodium retention and potassium excretion.

Pineal Gland

above the thalamus in the epithalamus (of the brain). produces a hormone called melatonin.

Which is more potent of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline?

adrenaline

Name two hormones produced by the Adrenal Medulla.

adrenaline (epinephrine) noradrenaline (norepinephrine)

Hypothryroidism

after growth years results in low metabolic rate, depression, fatigue, weight gain, and tendency to retain water, especially in the face.

[ CT ] Calcitonin

also called Thyrocalcitonin.

Pituitary Gland

an endocrine gland suspended from the hypothalamus and housed in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone; secretes numerous hormones, most of which regulate the activities of other glands.

Thyrocalcitonin

decreases the level of calcium ions in the blood by causing calcium to be absorbed by bone.

Function of GHIH

decreases the release of growth hormone fr the pituitary gland.

Function of ADH

dilutes blood & increases fluid volume by increasing water reabsorption in the kidney.

Hypothryroidism

during growth years results in mental retardation and dwarfism characterized by a large head and small limbs.

Adrenal Glands

each consist of: -an outer cortex -an inner medulla

Adrenal Glands

each of the two adrenal glands is situated on the superior surface of one kidney.

Thyroid Hormone

either of two similar hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, synthesized from iodine and tyrosine.

Function of FSH

estrogen secretion & sperm production

Parathyroid Glands

four small nodules found on the back of the thyroid gland that produce parathyroid hormone (PTH).

How are Adrenaline and Noradrenaline produced?

from the amino acid Tyrosine.

[ T4 ] Thyroxin(e) (*note: can be spelled with or without an "e" on the end.)

has several functions: -stimulates growth in children (anabolism) -stimulates the breakdown of glucose for energy (catabolism)

Function of PRL

increase milk production

Function of TSH

increase secretion of thyroid hormones

Function of ACTH

increase steriod secretion from adrenal glands

Function of CRH

increase the release of adrenocortiocotropic hormone fr the pituitary gland.

Function of GHRH

increase the release of growth hormone fr the pituitary gland.

Function of GRH / GnRH

increase the release of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone fr the pituitary gland.

Function of TRH

increase the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from pituitary gland.

Function of GH

increase tissue growth

Function of oxytocin

increase uterine contractions.

Pancreas

insulin glucagon

Thymus

located behind the sternum.

Adrenal Gland

medulla: epinephrine [ E ] norepinephrine [ NE ] cortex: cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, aldosterone

Gonads

ovaries - female: estrogen, progesterone testes - male: androgens (esp. testosterone)

Parathyroid Gland

parathyroid hormone [ PTH ]

Hypothalamus

regulatory hormones; production of ADH & oxytocin

Posterior Pituitary

release of oxytocin & ADH

[ PTH ] Parathyroid Hormone

secreted by the parathyroid gland increases blood calcium by causing the release of calcium from bone.

Endocrine System

secretes hormones that help to regulate homeostatis and body function.

Thyroid Gland

situated at the base of the neck. it secretes two hormones— thyroxine and thyrocalcitonin.

Pancreas Islets

small clusters of endocrine cells in the pancreas that secrete insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and other intercellular messengers; also called ISLETS OF LANGERHANS.

Function of LH

stimulates ovaries & testes for ovulation & sperm production

Pituitary Gland

the "master gland of the body," because its hormones control the activity of other endocrine glands.

Ketonuria

the abnormal presence of ketones in the urine as an effect of ketosis.

Thymus

the hormones of the thymus are essential to the development of the immune system and T cells. it is large in children and diminishes in size throughout adulthood.

[ T4 ] Thyroxine

the thyroid hormone secreted in greatest quantity, with four iodine atoms; also called tetraiodothyronine.

Thymus

thymosin

Thyroid Gland

thyroxine [ T4 ] triiodothyronine [ T3 ] calcitonin [ CT ]