English for Academic Purposes and Professional purposes( outlining )

Decimal Outlines

- is similar to the alphanumeric outline. The primary difference between is that the decimal outline is written using decimals to note each heading and subheading. The main heading would be noted by a whole number. Each subheading would be noted by a decimal building from the main heading. - can be written as individual thoughts or in complete sentences.

INTRODUCTION

- it is the first paragraph of your outline, wherein you discuss what your topic is all about. At the end of the introduction is the thesis statement.

Alphanumeric Outlines

- this is the common type of outline used and is usually instantly recognizable to most people.

PARTS OF AN OUTLINE

1.Introduction 2.Body 3.Conclusion

2nd step in creating an outline

Search and gather information of your topic.

4th Rule or writing an outline

You must be consistent.

Two Orders of main idea

1. Deductive order 2. Inductive order

INFORMAL OUTLINE

"outliner's" choice

THESIS STATEMENT

- is a one-statement that will discuss the purpose of your paper.

BODY

- is made up of several paragraphs. It is where topics and its subtopics is written. Body covers what the thesis statement is trying to prove.

PRINCIPLE OF COORDINATION

-Ideas of equal rank and value are coordinate, therefore, they belong to the same level of the outline. Coordinate headings must be expressed in parallel construction.

PRINCIPLE OF CLASSIFICATION

-Similar ideas should go together. This implies that there should be no overlapping of topics and subtopics in an outline.

PRINCIPLE OF SUBORDINATION

-There are big ideas and small ideas; small ideas should fall under the appropriate big ideas.

PRINCIPLE OF DIVISION

-You cannot claim to have divided something and have only one part, so since outlining is based on division, every part of an outline that have subtopics should have at least two parts or subsections.

FORMAL OUTLINE

1.Roman Numerals- main idea (I, II, III, IV) 2.Capital letters- the major details (A, B, C) 3.Arabic Numbers- minor details (1, 2, 3)

KINDS OF OUTLINE ACCORDING TO STRUCTURE

1.Topic outline 2.Sentence outline

CONCLUSION

A. Restatement of your thesis B. Insightful sentence to end your essay.

TYPES OF OUTLINES

Alphanumeric Outline & Decimal Outline

2nd Rule or writing an outline

Capitalize the first letter of each heading and subheading.

3rd Rule or writing an outline

Each heading and subheading must have at least two parts.

3rd step in creating an outline

Determine what kind of outline you want to use.

SENTENCE OUTLINE

I. Alcohol and drug abuse can affect one economically A. The cost of alcohol is high and getting higher 1. The cost of DUI's can be enormous 2. Alcohol costs are always rising because of rising production costs as well as state and local taxes B. The cost of drug abuse can be high. 1. Even the arrest for the possession of a minute amount of drugs can result in high bail and court cost. 2. the cost of drugs fluctuates drastically according to the type of drug, it's availability, and the amount.

4th step in creating an outline

Identify your main categories and its subcategories.

1st step in creating an outline

Identify your main topic.

5th step in creating an outline

Organize your information in an outline form.

5th Rule or writing an outline

Parallel structures must be used.

BASIC PRINCIPLES AND RULES IN OUTLINING

Principle of Division Principle of Classification Principle of Coordination Principle of Subordination

1st Rule of writing an outline

Subdivide topics by a system of numbers and letters, followed by a period.

TOPIC OUTLINE

The Kind of English Books I Enjoy Reading I. Fiction A. Spy stories B. Historical Novels C. Love Stories II. Nonfiction A. Biographies 1. Great Inventors 2. Military Heroes III. Science and Space Explorations

Deductive order

The main idea is expressed at the beginning of the text.

Inductive order

The main idea is expressed at the end of the text.

6th Rule or writing an outline

The thesis is complete declarative sentence, usually in the affirmative. It is not a question, a phrase, or a dependent clause, but one sentence which expresses our controlling idea.

OUTLINING

•Blueprint or plan of your paper. •It shows the order of the various topics and the relationship between the various parts. •It is a way of formally arranging and developing your ideas.

Format of an outline

•Present relationships among - the main idea, major supporting details, and minor supporting details.

TOPIC OUTLINE

•Summarizes the main topics and subtopics of the article in words or phrases. •A list of topics arranged according to some useful and logical organization.

SENTENCE OUTLINE

•Uses complete sentence for each topics and subtopics as it is more informative compare to topic sentence.