english II unit 1 quiz 1

indefinite pronouns

An indefinite pronoun does not refer to a specific person, place, thing, or idea and therefore, its antecedent is not given. singular: another, anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, much, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, one, somebody, someone, something plural: both, few, many, several singular or plural: all, any, more, most, none, some

Which of these sentences uses a reciprocal pronoun?

At mile 18, the runners encouraged each other to continue on in the race.

intensive pronouns

Audrey *herself* refinished the bookcase. The boys *themselves* finished the laundry. I *myself* do not agree with the decision.

reflexive pronouns

Audrey refinished the bookcase by *herself*. Alex drove *himself* to the airport. The wound seemed to heal *itself*.

demonstrative pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns point out specific persons, places, things, or ideas. The four demonstrative pronouns are this, that, these, and those *This* is a well-illustrated magazine. ("This" is a demonstrative pronoun whose antecedent is magazine.)

present progressive

I *am running. She *is running. They *are running

past perfect progressive

I *had been running.

present perfect progressive

I *have been running. She *has been running.

past progressive

I *was running. They *were running

interrogative pronouns

Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. The interrogative pronouns are who, whom, which, what, and whose. *Who* ordered a large pizza?

Which sentence contains a correlative conjunction?

Not only did Phil wash the dishes for his wife, but he also vacuumed the floors.

reciprocal pronouns

Reciprocal pronouns are used to identify feelings or actions that are reciprocated, or given in return. Reciprocal pronouns include the phrases each other and one another. Eliza and Kami hugged *each other* as they said their tearful goodbyes. (Both girls are participating in the action.)

relative pronouns

Relative pronouns begin subordinate clauses and show the relationship between a clause and the noun it modifies. The main relative pronouns are who, whose, whom, which, and that. My sister is the one *who* was nominated for student council.

Which of these sentences uses a past perfect progressive verb?

We had been saving up for our vacation for almost a year.

Which of these sentences uses an indefinite pronoun?

Will someone help me carry these groceries out to my car?

phrase

a group of words without a subject or a predicate that functions as a single part of speech

gerund

a verbal that acts as a noun and ends in ing

infinitive

a verbal that functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb and includes the word to and a present tense verb

participle

a verbal that functions as an adjective

verbal

a word that is formed from a verb, but functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb

adverbs without ly

above already below forward here nearby never not now rather so somewhat soon then there too very well

*His success finally realized*, the new governor immediately began to fulfill the promises he made during his campaign.

absolute phrase

*courage* of a lion

abstract, common

The note *from Frankie's teacher* explained why he missed recess.

adjectival

Is the man with *the top hat, three-piece suit, and cane* an actor?

adjectival phrase

The shed *behind the house* caught fire.

adjectival phrase

Wow! The Corvair was air-conditioned, rear-engined, and *tiny.*

adjective

In 1959, Chevrolet *proudly* introduced its most radical car of that time, the Corvair.

adverb

*After tennis practice*, Darcy met with friends to study for the physics exam.

adverbial phrase

While sitting on the beach, we saw a ship sailing *toward the horizon.*

adverbial phrase

Stanley and June have been married for fifty-two years.

and, coordinating

Samantha enjoyed both the opera and the romantic dinner that followed.

both/and, correlative

*Who* knows whether clouds fly higher during the day or at night?

interrogative

verbal Phrase

composed of a verbal (a gerund, participle, or infinitive) and any words that modify it Kayaking on the lake was the perfect way to spend our Saturday.("Kayaking on the lake" is a gerund phrase acting as the subject of the sentence.)

*herd* of cattle

concrete, collective, common

*carton* of milk

concrete, common

chocolate *ice cream*

concrete, common, compound

trip to *New York City*

concrete, proper, compound

noun phrase

consists of a noun and the words that modify it. Noun modifiers include articles, possessive pronouns, possessive nouns, descriptive adjectives, participles, infinitives, and adjectival phrases. the spotted dog with the blue collar("The" is an article identifying dog. "Spotted" is a descriptive adjective, and "with the blue collar" is an adjectival phrase describing "dog." "The blue collar" is itself a noun phrase.)

absolute phrase

consists of a noun followed by a participle and any other modifiers or direct objects. An absolute phrase modifies the entire sentence, rather than just one word. Absolute phrases help to add detail and interest to your writing and show that a sentence has been carefully constructed. My heart pounding against my chest, I took a deep breath and decided to face my fears.("Heart" is the noun, modified by "my" and the participial phrase "pounding against my chest.")

"*This* is my favorite city," Carla said as she got off the plane in San Francisco.

demonstrative

The student did not complete the assignment correctly.

did complete

functions of noun

direct object, object of preposition, indirect object, subject, compliment

comparative adjectives

er, more or less

superlative adjectives

est, most or least

Harry's back was very sore, for he had split forty logs that morning for firewood.

for, coordinating

By next week, I *will have lived* in Texas for two years.

future perfect

*Winning the election* had been his dream for twenty years.

gerund phrase

Which of these is an example of an abstract noun?

honesty

future progressive

i *will be running

future perfect progressive

i *will have been running.

We will not take the bus if the snow comes.

if, subordinating

*Do* not *be* late for the meeting tonight.

imperative

*Anything* that has been burned once cannot be burned again.

indefinite

passive voice

indicates that the subject was acted upon by something else

Kai *spends* too much time surfing the internet.

indicative

Appearing *to be the underdog*, his campaign had taken a positive turn late in the election.

infinitive phrase

Dr. Harold West *himself* greeted each of the incoming freshmen personally.

intensive

*Wow!* The Corvair was air-conditioned, rear-engined, and tiny.

interjection

The senator attended neither the luncheon nor the committee meeting that followed.

neither/nor, correlative

*Planning for a prosperous term*, the victor had long desired to lower the tax burden on working families.

participle phrase

The dogs *were frightened* by the thunder.

past

Edward *had planned* to study abroad, but he decided to work for a year instead.

past perfect

Mindy *was driving* 15 mph over the speed limit when the police pulled her over.

past perfect

I *had been exercising* daily until I injured my leg.

past perfect progressive

Only four of Emily Dickinson's poems were published during *her* lifetime.

possessive pronoun of emily

The papers on Lucy's desk are not *hers*.

possessive pronoun of lucy

*In* 1959, Chevrolet proudly introduced its most radical car of that time, the Corvair.

preposition

adverbial phrase

prepositional phrase that functions as an adverb modifying a verb, adjective, or adverb in a sentence. Mrs. Crawford chided Trent for sleeping during class. ("For sleeping" modifies the verb "chided," and "during class" modifies the adverbial phrase "for sleeping.")

adjectival phrase

prepositional phrase that modifies a noun The spotted dog with the blue collar belongs to my aunt. (modifies the noun "dog")

Alex *runs* two miles each day.

present

The students *have been instructed* to be on their best behavior.

present perfect

Mr. Coleman *is running* for the city council.

present progressive

Abraham Lincoln distinguished *himself* as a financial expert.

reflexive

Honey is the only food *that* does not spoil.

relative

He seemed too tired to work very well.

seemed

Since Taylor was very young, the flight attendant watched her carefully.

since, subordinating

If Danielle *had studied* for the test, she would have gotten an A on it.

subjunctive

active voice

used to express action performed by the subject of the sentence

imperative

used to express commands, advice, or requests

indicative

used to express questions or statements of fact or opinion

subjunctive

uses to express doubts, wishes, possibilities, and indirect advice or requests