ENGLISH QUIZ 2#

Clause

A clause is a word group that contains a verb and its subject and that is used as a sentence or as part of a sentence.

Sentence fragment

A sentence fragment is a word or group of words that is capitalized and punctuated as a sentence, but that does not contain both a subject and a verb, or does not express a complete thought. A sentence fragment is grammatically incorrect.

Dependent Clause

Dependent clauses contain a subject and verb and do not express a complete thought. AKA - they cannot stand alone. Begin with sub-conjun(While, Although,etc)+Subject+Verb+Cannot stand alone.

Phrases

Phrases are a group of words. They might have a subject OR a verb OR neither, but NEVER BOTH.

Independent Clause

Independent clauses contain a subject and verb and express a complete thought. Subject+Verb+Can Stand alone

Complex

A complex sentence contains exactly ONE (1) independent clause and ONE (1) or more dependent (subordinate) clauses. When the independent clause comes first, you do not need a comma between the two because the subordinating conjunction signals (hints at) an oncoming dependent clause. When the dependent clause comes first you do need a comma between the two to illustrate the break between the clauses.

Compound

A compound sentence contains TWO (2) or more independent clauses. Compound sent. = independent clause+FANBOYS+independent clause Joined by coordinating conjunctions = FANBOYS. (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) To PROPERLY join two independent clauses, you MUST write a comma (,) before the coordinating conjunction:

Simple

A simple sentence contains just ONE (1) Independent Clause. Simple sentence = independent clause (S+V+stands alone)

Compound-Complex

Compound-complex sentences contain two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. The order can happen in any way. Independent clause: I went to sleep Independent clause: I took a hot shower Dependent clause: Because I was exhausted Combination 1: I went to sleep, and I took a hot shower because I was exhausted. Combination 2: Because I was exhausted, I took a hot shower, and I went to sleep. Combination 3: I took a hot shower because I was exhausted, and I went to sleep.

Sentence

Have a subject Have a predicate (verb plus other stuff) Can stand alone and express a complete thought The subject tells us whom or what the sentence is about. The predicate says something about the subject.

Sentence Structure

Structure refers to the number and type of clauses in a sentence. Sentences may be classified as: Simple (S) Compound (CD) Complex (CX) Compound-Complex (CD-CX)