env sci mini frqs

3.6 Identify the country with the slowest population growth rate and explain your answer

Country Y has the smallest base, so smallest portion of population in pre-reproductive age, so lowest birth rate

1.11 Describe one direct effect that a decline in the frog population would have on the food web. Identify an organism that is both a secondary and tertiary consumer

Decrease in snakes Buzzard

1.7 Choose a process from the diagram. Identify the process and describe how water is moving from one reservoir to another.

Evaporation Liquid water vaporizes/turns into a gas and enters the atmosphere

2.1 Describe one of the three levels of biodiversity. Explain how high biodiversity at the level you described is beneficial to ecosystems.

Genetic - the diversity in the genotypes/genes/traits of the members of a population increases likelihood of adapting to changing conditions

1.1 Identify two organisms that compete for a shared food resource. Describe how resource partitioning could reduce the competition between the two organisms you identified.

Orca and polar bear compete for ringed seal.| hunt at different times or locations

1.6 Choose 2 reservoirs depicted in the diagram above and describe how phosphorus moves from one to the other.

Rocks & soil Rocks containing phosphorus are broken down by weathering to create soil

4.2 Design an investigation to measure the effect that climate has on soil formation. Identify the independent variable and dependent variable in your experiment.

collect soil from 3 dif climates and measure to determine erosion independent: climate factor dependent: rate of soil erosion

3.8 Describe one human activity related to a rapidly growing human population that is having an impact on biodiversity. Propose a solution a government could take to slow population growth.

deforestation destroys habitats and reduces biodiversity solution: free clinical services like birth control

3.3 Describe the trend in survivorship shown in this graph. Justify which type of survivorship curve these data represent.

drops very early in lifespan, gradually decreases as life goes on type 3, high infant mortality, then steady decrease

4.8 Describe the regional precipitation pattern you would expect for the portion of Mexico & central America indicated on the map. Justify your answer.

eastern region has more precipitation than western this is bc wind move east to west, east gets more rain bc wind carry water from gulf and precipitates

2.6 Describe the difference in beak size between the two islands. Make a claim about the reason for this difference in beak size.

finches on cruz have higher beak than daphne sc bigger bc bigger seeds daphne smaller bc smaller spaces

3.2 Identify ONE characteristic of an r-selected species that could increase the likelihood of the r-selected species becoming a more successful invasive species than K-selected species

high rate of reproduction

4.6 Deforestation can affect water quality. Identify one change that can occur in the water quality of streams within a watershed that has been deforested. Explain how deforestation can lead to this change. (2 pts.)

increase in turbidity, loss of roots leads to more runoff

3.7 Identify and discuss TWO of the causes for the trend in worldwide TFR.

increased fam planning - fewer pregnancies, control fertility increase education for women - delay having children

3.5 Calculate the percent change in the population size of a 14 wolf pack that experiences 5 deaths, 3 births, and 4 new wolves released into the pack from a nearby wildlife sanctuary.

(3+4)-5 = 2 new is 14+2 = 16 %change = (16-14)/14 x 100 = 14.286% increase

2.5 Describe the relationship between latitude and change in first leaf date depicted in the graph. Explain why you think this relationship exists.

latitude increases, change in leaf is earlier climate is warmer, plants leaf out earlier in the year since cold doesn't prevent growth

2.3 Describe the processes of colonizing an island habitat. Describe how the island's distance from the mainland influences the number of species that will colonize the island habitat.

mainland pop moves to island uncolonized by that species farther, less.

2.7 Based on the graph below, explain whether spruce trees are an early, middle, or late successional species.

middle successional, as don't appear right after a disturbance, peaks at 120 years after, and from 120-200 their pop declines, so not late.

4.3 Identify and describe one test that can be conducted on a soil sample. Explain how the results of the test could allow you to give advice to a farmer trying to grow crops in the soil.

moisture content test for amount of water in soil at a time explain: shows suitable crops and cultivation practice

3.1 Identify ONE characteristic of specialist species and explain how that characteristic makes them more likely to become extinct than generalist species.

narrow food needs - less likely to adapt to new food source if old disturbed by human activity

1.5 Describe one chemical transformation that occurs in the natural nitrogen cycle and explain the importance of that transformation to an ecosystem.

nitrogen is converted to ammonia, ammonium, or nitrate provides plants with fixed nitrogen

4.1 Explain how subduction leads to volcanic activity.

one plate gets pushed down and melted and then magma rises to the surface

2.2 Describe an ecosystem service that intact forest ecosystems provide for humans. Identify one human activity that could degrade the ecosystem service and explain how the activity decreases the value of the ecosystem service.

oxygen production, benefits for human respiration resource material degraded by deforestation, reducing oxygen rates

1.4 Identify one process in the diagram that happens quickly and one process that happens slowly. Explain how the rate at which fossil fuels are transferred into the atmosphere, as shown in the diagram, has altered the carbon cycle during the past 250 years.

quick: photosynthesis slow: formation of fossil fuels explain: extraction of fossil fuels occurs quicker than carbon being sequestered into fuel formation, CO2 in atmosphere increases

3.9 Identify the stage of this graph in which population grows the fastest and explain why this is the case. Describe one economic or societal indicator of a country in this phase.

stage 2: greatest dif between births and deaths, more births, pop grows indicator: improving health

4.5 Explain how the sun is responsible for the pattern of air circulation seen in cycle C.

sun hits earths equator, heating air, rises, sinks at 30 degrees

4.4 Identify a layer of earth from the diagram that has an inverse relationship between temperature and altitude. Describe why this occurs.

troposphere: higher altitude further away from heat from earths surface

4.9 Describe TWO environmental problems related to the conditions of an El nino event.

warm water - destroy habitat - kill species increase rain - floods - kill habitats

4.7 Identify which season is taking place in the Northern hemisphere in this diagram. Describe how the tilt of the earth's axis is responsible for earth's seasons.

winter earth is tilted, so either north or south closer and receives more light so yea idk

3.4 Explain the impact that the canine virus had on the moose population based on the graph.

wolf declined, causing moose to grow rapidly since less predators

1.3 Identify an organism found in an aquatic biome and explain how that organism is uniquely adapted to live in that biome.

Mangrove trees Mangrove trees have tall, stilt-like roots that are adapted to tolerate brackish/salty water found in estuaries

1.8 Describe the process of net primary productivity (NPP). Describe the relationship between primary productivity and biodiversity.

Net primary productivity is the rate of energy storage by the plants/producers/autotrophs, through photosynthesis in a given area, after subtracting the energy used/lost by/to respiration As primary productivity increases, the biodiversity of an ecosystem increases. This is because a higher primary productivity produces more plant biomass, which supports a wider variety of animal species that rely on these plants for food/shelter (put this on the notecard)

1.2 Identify one characteristic of a biome and explain how that characteristic determines the community of organisms found in the biome.

Temperature Determines growing season for plants, must be above freezing for water. Length of season determines biodiversity.

1.9 and 1.10 Explain why a relatively large forest can only support a small number of wolves (eagles in the scoring guide b/c it's a released FRQ.) Calculate the amount of energy available to a tertiary consumer in the following ecosystem. (100,000 J of energy produced by plants after respiration)

There must be large biomass at lower trophic levels, less energy as you move up due to 10% rule. 100,000 x .1 x .1 x .1 = 100