Environmental Health Exam 2

1. Which of the following statements about zoonotic diseases is most likely to be true? A. Children younger than 5 may be at reduced risk for morbidity from zoonotic diseases. B. Immunocompromised persons may be at reduced risk for morbidity from zoonotic diseases. C. An animal infected with a zoonotic agent may be free from symptoms D. A zoonotic disease is always associated with transmission by a vector. E. None of these is correct

C. An animal infected with a zoonotic agent may be free from symptoms

The film Erin Brockovich called attention to the potential hazards associated with groundwater pollution from arsenic. A. True B. False

B. False

A major concern of exposure to extremely low frequency radiation has been: A. Malignant melanoma. B. Leukemia risk. C. None of these are correct. D. Cataracts

B. Leukemia risk.

The vector for dengue fever is: A. Aedes aegypti mosquito. B. phlebotomus flies. C. Anopheles mosquito. D. Ixodes scapularis

A. Aedes aegypti mosquito.

Which toxic heavy metal is associated with melanosis, a dermatologic condition that can cause the darkening of the skin of the entire body? A. Arsenic B. Mercury C. Cadmium D. Beryllium

A. Arsenic

According to a 2005 report from the Environmental Protection Agency, levels of what organochlorine pesticide are low or undetectable in the United States population, which reflects progress in the control of toxic chemicals? A. Dieldrin B. Diazinon C. Benzene D. Acephate E. None of these is correct.

A. Dieldrin

As with nerve gases, which type of pesticides act on the nervous system of insects and higher organisms by disrupting the transmission of nerve impulses? A. Organophosphates B. Carbamates C. Organochlorines D. Pyrethrins E. None of these is correct.

A. Organophosphates

Which of the following is not classified as an arboviral disease? A. Rabies B. St. Louis encephalitis C. West Nile virus D. Tick-borne viral encephalitis

A. Rabies

A radiation exposure device that is used commonly in the occupational environment is a film badge. A. True B. False

A. True

Hazardous chemicals, omnipresent in the environment, are vital to society yet simultaneously raise the specter of potential harm to all living things on earth. A. True B. False

A. True

Less developed countries increasingly are being selected as the dumping grounds for electronic waste, which is scavenged by unwitting individuals who are not aware of the hazardous nature of this waste. A. True B. False

A. True

What metal is believed to play a role in reducing the occurrence of common infections and is theorized to be necessary for children's growth and for maintaining the health of pregnant women? A. Zinc B. Nickel C. Copper D. Iron

A. Zinc

Which of the following statements is false? A. Street clothing protects the skin against alpha and beta particles. B. Alpha and beta particles pose little or no hazard to human health C. Cosmic rays are a form of natural background radiation. D. Washing contaminated skin can reduce radiation exposure. E. All of these are correct.

B. Alpha and beta particles pose little or no hazard to human health

Which of the following forms of radiation can penetrate up to a 2-cm layer of skin tissue? A. Alpha particles B. Beta particles C. Gamma rays D. X-rays E. None of these are correct.

B. Beta particles

Bioaccumulation (biomagnification) of heavy metals is a particular hazard associated with which of the following? A. Iron B. Mercury C. Copper D. Manganese E. None of these is correct.

B. Mercury

What type of chemical hazard results from incomplete combustion of petroleum-based chemicals and other organic substances? A. Polychlorinated biphenyls B. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons C. Volatile organic compounds D. Persistent organic pollutants E. None of these is correct.

B. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei and is radioactive is called a(n): A. Isotope B. Radioisotope. C. Nuclide. D. Radionuclide. E. None of these is correct.

B. Radioisotope.

Which of the following is a measure used to describe the amount of radioactivity in a sample of material? A. The rad or gray B. The curie or becquerel C. The rem or sievert D. The roentgen or coulomb per kilogram

B. The curie or becquerel

Lindane, mirex, and DDT all belong to a group of pesticides called: A. organophosphates. B. chlorinated hydrocarbons. C. carbamates. D. naturally occurring substances. E. None of these is correct.

B. chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Itai-itai disease, which began occurring in the Jinzu River basin in Japan as early as 1912, is one of the conditions attributed to which toxic metal? A. Arsenic B. Mercury C. Cadmium D. Beryllium

C. Cadmium

Agent Orange is an example of a(n): A. Insecticide. B. Fumigant. C. Herbicide. D. Fungicide. E. None of these is correct.

C. Herbicide.

In what sense is influenza a zoonotic disease? A. It is transmitted by "stealth" arthropods. B. It is transmitted frequently by contact with wool. C. It has animal reservoirs, especially birds and swine. D. The main reservoir is wild carnivores.

C. It has animal reservoirs, especially birds and swine.

What type of pesticides are persistent in the environment and bioaccumulate in the food chain? A. Carbamates B. Methyl isocyanates C. Organochlorines D. Organophosphates

C. Organochlorines

The causative agent for leishmaniasis is a type of: A. Virus. B. Bacterium. C. Protozoa. D. Rickettsial agent.

C. Protozoa.

The causative agent for malaria is a type of: A. Virus B. Bacterium. C. Protozoa. D. Rickettsia agent.

C. Protozoa.

The symptoms of long-term exposure to lower levels of toxic metals include which of the following? A. Convulsions B. Vomiting and stomach pain C. Sudden onset of headaches D. Chronic illness effects E. All of these are correct.

D. Chronic illness effects

One of the differences between Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is that: A. Lyme disease is transmitted by ticks and RSMF by fleas. B. Lyme disease is caused by a rickettsial agent and RSMF by a bacterium. C. Lyme disease is transmitted by mosquitoes and RSMF by ticks. D. Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium and RSMF by a rickettsial agent.

D. Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium and RSMF by a rickettsial agent.

What type of pesticides are related to "nerve gases" such as sarin, soman, and tabun? A. Carbamates B. Methyl isocyanates C. Organochlorines D. Organophosphates

D. Organophosphates

Which of the following is true about rabies? A. Human cases of rabies occur frequently in the United States. B. Outside the United States, the most common vector is Gambian rats. C. The disease has a low to medium fatality rate. D. Post exposure prophylaxis has prevented human rabies successfully.

D. Post exposure prophylaxis has prevented human rabies successfully.

The amount of exposure to radiation that a person receives is not affected by which of the following? A. Total time of exposure B. Distance from the source C. Degree of radioactivity of the material D. Size or weight of the radioactive source E. None of these are correct.

D. Size or weight of the radioactive source

Which of the following is a measure of radiation dose related to biological effect? A. The curie or becquerel B. The roentgen or coulomb per kilogram C. The rad or gray D. The rem or sievert

D. The rem or sievert

Which of the following portions of the optical spectrum has been most closely associated with adverse human health effects? A. UVA B. UVC C. IRA D. UVB

D. UVB

Methods for the control of mosquito-borne diseases include: A. Removing standing water around the home. B. Use of mosquito-eating fish. C. Wearing long clothing. D. Monitoring the presence of viruses in sentinel chickens and birds. E. All of these are correct

E. All of these are correct

For fetuses, infants, and children, the hazards of heavy metals include: A. Impairment of physical and mental development. B. Damage to internal organs. C. Brain damage. D. Some forms of cancer. E. All of these are correct.

E. All of these are correct.

Methods for transmission of zoonotic pathogens include: A. Bite or scratch of an animal B. Contact with the skin. C. Direct inhalation D. Ingestion of contaminated foods. E. All of these are correct.

E. All of these are correct.

Possible methods for exposure to metals include which of the following? A. Inhalation of dusts B. Inhalation of metal fumes C. Skin contact with dusts D. Ingestion E. All of these are correct.

E. All of these are correct.

Sources of nonionizing radiation include: A. Radiation from power lines. B. Radio waves. C. Infrared radiation. D. Visible light radiation. E. All of these are correct.

E. All of these are correct.

DDT has been found to: A. Cause frequent cases of acute toxicity among exterminators. B. Accumulate in the tissues of many animals. C. Cause a significant number of accidental deaths. D. Persist in the environment. E. Both accumulate in the tissues of many animals and persist in the environment.

E. Both accumulate in the tissues of many animals and persist in the environment.

Pesticides are: A. always highly toxic to humans. B. all synthetic chemicals. C. always the best weapon against insect pests. D. All of these are correct. E. None of these is correct.

E. None of these is correct.

Which of the following metals is not classified as a major toxic metal with multiple effects? A. Arsenic B. Beryllium C. Chromium D. Mercury E. Silver

E. Silver