Environmental science Chapter 1

group

According to sociologists, the public's decision to accept or reject scientific evidence often depends on ______ identity rather than sound science. This is the case when a person's political identity determines their acceptance of a theory. Listen to the complete question

deductive

Although both deductive and inductive reasoning are valid pathways in science, ________reasoning uses a top down approach beginning with general verified laws to specific explanations.

fossil

Although relatively cheap, _________ fuels have high environmental costs in terms of air and water pollution.

increased dramatically (nearly doubled)

Human life expectancies have ______ in the last 100 years.

Remain Skeptical

Before there is substantial evidence to support experimental results or claims, scientists _____.

forests

Clear-cutting of ________ has occurred worldwide, directly and drastically affecting the number of species living in these environments.

logically and analytically assesses new ideas and evidence

Critical thinking means that a person __.

Probability

Scientists often calculate how likely the outcome of their experiments may be due to chance. If this _______ is less than 5%, then the results may be considered reliable.

soil

Earth is remarkable because it has plentiful clean air, fresh water, and fertile ________ that are constantly renewed through biogeochemical processes and biological communities.

temperature or climate

Earth is unique in the solar system because it has a relatively stable and mild __________

3

Fertility rates have decreased in most areas of the world to less than _______ children per woman.

unevenly

Global wealth is ______ distributed.

Improving the plight of marginalized people often is good for the environment.

How are social progress and environmental quality linked?

1700's

Islands such as Tobago and Mauritius successfully preserved natural areas in the _______, as scientists from colonizing nations understood their importance to environmental health.

-Include targets for economic and social equity -They were proposed by the United Nations

Which of these describe the Sustainable Development Goals proposed in 2016? -50-year program -Include targets for economic and social equity -they are very specific -They were proposed by the united nations

Decreasing

While the world population continues to grow, the rate of population growth is ________.

Contribute evidence; help us understand how people use resources

Many disciplines are involved in environmental science, including chemistry and biology which ________ and economics and political science which __________.

3/4

More than __ of fish stocks have been severely depleted and are in need of better management to maintain sustainable global food supplies.

As early as a thousand years ago

People have identified environmental problems and worked to protect nature ____.

pollution and toxic chemicals

Rachel Carson helped usher in the modern environmental movement in the 1960s with her book Silent Spring, which alerted the public to threats from _________.

Silent Spring

Rachel Carson ushered in modern environmentalism with her book _______ which discussed threats to humans and other species from chemical pollution

Double-blind and blind

Researcher bias is an issue when the experiment has high stakes, such as drug evaluations; therefore, ________ experiments may be used to eliminate this problem.

- is a cumulative effort - requires many people

Scientific knowledge ______. (select all that apply) -develops very quickly -develops in isolation -is a cumulative effort -requires many people

Inductive

Since we have few absolute laws, the scientific community often relies on _______ reasoning.

Stability

Sustainability is the search for ecological _______and human progress that can last indefinitely.

indigenous people working to protect the environment

The Idle No More movement in Canada is an example of ________.

Climate

The disappearing of snowfields and glaciers due to _________change results in the loss of drinking water for many regions and major metropolitan areas such as New Delhi and Los Angeles.

Teddy Roosevelt + Gifford Pinchot

The early initiators of the pragmatic utilitarian conservation movement, through which nature is preserved and managed for human use.

John Muir

The famous naturalist _______ based his beliefs in preserving nature on aesthetic and spiritual values, irregardless of how useful nature might be to us. He was the first president of the Sierra Club.

million

The human population of earth is growing at approximately 80 _______ people per year.

environmental

The many different disciplines that are used to study________ science include biology, chemistry, economics, and political science.

observation

The standard scientific process begins with a(n) __.

Throughput

The term used for the amount of resources we use and dispose of is _______

planetary boundaries 1. Climate change 2. Extinction rate 3. biosphere integrity 4. land-system change 5. fresh water use 6. biogeochemical floes 7. ocean acidification 8. atmospheric aerosol loading 9. stratospheric ozone depletion 10. novel entities

This diagram demonstrates _______ or thresholds of abrupt environmental change. What are the 10 planetary boundaries or thresholds?

False (Environmental science is the study of our environment and our place in it. It includes natural hazards, but not exclusively.)

True or false: Environmental science concentrates on the study of earth's natural hazards. Why?

- the majority of the scientific community agree with the study's findings - the study has gone through an impartial peer review process - the claims have been reproduced by others

Ways to judge if a study is sound science include asking if ______.

Logical, reflective

We critically analyze information in various ways such as using analytical, creative, ______ , and _______thinking.

-Millions of people have gained access to clean water -Some infectious diseases have been eradicated. -Infant mortality has declined

What are some recent trends in global health?

Habitat destruction Introduction of exotic species Water and air pollution

What factors are involved in the current, large-scale loss of native species on earth?

sustainable development

What goals proposed by the UN in 2016 include 17 targets, both general and specific, and cover topics such as preserving biodiversity, ending poverty, providing clean water and energy, and promoting health? The ________ __________Goals.

Begins with absolute laws and works its way down

What is deductive reasoning?

Using measurements and numbers to understand the world

What is quantitative reasoning?

Environmental Science

What is the study of the environment and our place in it?

Hypothesis

What is the term for a testable explanation? (Hint: You propose one of these after making an observation.)

Science

What is the term we use for the cumulative body of knowledge we use to help explain and understand the world?

social

What type of progress addresses issues such as public health and sanitation that affect the poorest people, which in turn improves water quality and other environmental issues? _________ progress

analytical

What type of thinking (a type of critical thinking) occurs when a problem is broken down into its constituent parts? _________ thinking

Rising sea levels Melting sea ice More frequent flooding

Which of the following are current issues related to climate change? Rising sea levels Melting sea ice More frequent flooding Frequent earthquakes

evidence

scientists are skeptical and require _____ to support claims