EOCT: Unit 2 New Republic Through Reconstruction Review Questions

Thomas Jefferson

3rd President of the United States; chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it (1743-1826)

James Madison

4th President of the United States; member of the Continental Congress and rapporteur at the Constitutional Convention in 1776; helped frame the Bill of Rights (1751-1836)

James Monroe

5th President of the United States; author of the Monroe Doctrine (1758-1831)

The Annexation of Texas

In 1845, the United States of America annexed the Republic of Texas and admitted it to the Union as the 28th state. The U.S. thus inherited Texas' border dispute with Mexico; this quickly led to the Mexican-American War

US-Mexican War

The Mexican-American War was an armed conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848 in the wake of the 1845 U.S. annexation of Texas, which Mexico considered part of its territory despite the 1836 Texas Revolution.

Treaty of Ghent

The Treaty of Ghent , signed on December 24, 1814, in Ghent, Belgium, was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Fredrick Douglass

United States abolitionist who escaped from slavery and became an influential writer and lecturer in the North (1817-1895)

William Lloyd Garrison

United States abolitionist who published an anti-slavery journal (1805-1879)

Eli Whitney

United States inventor of the mechanical cotton gin (1765-1825) and first to use interchangeable parts in gun.

Noah Webster

United States lexicographer (1758-1843)

Nat Turner

United States slave and insurrectionist who in 1831 led a rebellion of slaves in Virginia; he was captured and executed (1800-1831)

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

United States suffragist and feminist; called for reform of the practices that perpetuated sexual inequality (1815-1902)

Education Reform

a demand with the goal of improving education. Small improvements in education theoretically have large social returns, in health, wealth and well-being. goals were a more relevant curriculum and more accessible education

Two-Party System

a form of party system where two major political parties dominate voting in nearly all elections, at every level. As a result, all, or nearly all, elected offices end up being held by candidates endorsed by one of the two major parties

Social Reform Movements

a kind of social movement that aims to make gradual change, or change in certain aspects of society, rather than rapid or fundamental changes.

Cotton Gin

a machine for separating cotton from its seeds. Eli whitney

Trail of Tears

a name given to the forced relocation and movement of Native American nations from southeastern parts of the United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830.

Compromise of 1850

a package of five bills passed in the United States in September 1850, which defused a four-year confrontation between the slave states of the South and the free states of the North regarding the status of territories acquired during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848).

Spoil System

a practice where a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party

Susan B. Anthony

a prominent American civil rights leader who played a pivotal role in the 19th century women's rights movement to introduce women's suffrage into the United States. She was co-founder of the first Women's Temperance Movement

The Alamo

a siege and massacre at a mission in San Antonio in 1836; Mexican forces under Santa Anna besieged and massacred American rebels who were fighting to make Texas independent of Mexico.

Temperance Movement

a social movement urging reduced or prohibited use of alcoholic beverages.

War of 1812

a war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France

Monroe Doctine

an American foreign policy opposing interference in the western hemisphere from outside powers

Northwest Ordinance

an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States, passed July 13, 1787. The primary effect of the ordinance was the creation of the Northwest Territory, the first organized territory of the United States, from lands south of the Great Lakes, north and west of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River.

Missouri Compromise

an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories.

Erie Canal

an artificial waterway connecting the Hudson river at Albany with Lake Erie at Buffalo; built in the 19th century; now part of the New York State Barge Canal.

Seneca Falls Conference

an early and influential women's rights convention, the first to be organized by women in the Western world, in Seneca Falls, New York. It spanned two days: 19 July 1848 and 20 July 1848.

American System

an economic plan that played a prominent role in American policy during the first half of the 19th century.consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other 'internal improvements' to develop profitable markets for agriculture. Henry Clay was the plan's foremost proponent and the first to refer to it as the "American System".

Lewis and Clark Expedition

an expedition sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore the northwestern territories of the United States; led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark; traveled from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River from 1803 to 1806

Infrastructure

basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise,[1] or the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function.

Gold Rush of 1849

began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. first to hear confirmed information of the Gold Rush were the people in Oregon, the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), and Latin America, who were the first to start flocking to the state in late 1848. All told, the news of gold brought some 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad.

Universal Suffrage

consists of the extension of the right to vote to adult citizens (or subjects), though it may also mean extending that right to minors (Demeny voting) and non-citizens.

Grimke Sisters

first women to act publicly in social reform movements, 19th-century Southern American Quakers, educators and writers who were early advocates of abolitionism and women's rights.

Gadsden Purchase

is a 29,670-square-mile (76,800 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that was purchased by the United States in a treaty signed by James Gadsden, the American ambassador to Mexico at the time, on December 30, 1853. the last major territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States, adding a large area to the United States.

National Identity

is a person's identity and sense of belonging to one state or to one nation, a feeling one shares with a group of people, regardless of one's citizenship status.

Sectionalism

loyalty to the interests of one's own region or section of the country, rather than to the country as a whole.in 1800's America refers to the different economies, social structures, customs, and political values of the North and South.[2][3] It increased steadily 1800-1850 as the North, without slavery, industrialized, urbanized and built prosperous factories, while the deep South concentrated on plantation agriculture based on slave labor, together with subsistence farming for the poor whites.

Wilmot Proviso

one of the major events leading to the American Civil War, would have banned slavery in any territory to be acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War or in the future, including the area later known as the Mexican Cession, but which some proponents construed to also include the disputed lands in south Texas and New Mexico east of the Rio Grande.

Interchangeable Parts

parts (components) that are, for practical purposes, identical. They are made to specifications that ensure that they are so nearly identical that they will fit into any assembly of the same type.

Jacksonian Democracy

s the political movement toward greater democracy for the common man symbolized by American politician Andrew Jackson and his supporters.

Indian Removal Act

signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830. The act authorized him to negotiate with the Native Americans in the Southern United States for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their homelands.

Louisiana Purchase

territory in the western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million; extends from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada

Oregon

the Oregon Trail brought many new American settlers to Oregon Country. it seemed that Britain and the United States would go to war for a third time in 75 years (see Oregon boundary dispute), but the border was defined peacefully in 1846 by the Oregon Treaty.Settlement increased with the Donation Land Claim Act of 1850 and the forced relocation of the native population to Indian reservations in Oregon.

Abolition Movement

the immediate emancipation of all slaves and the end of racial discrimination and segregation. Advocating for immediate emancipation distinguished abolitionists from more moderate anti-slavery advocates who argued for gradual emancipation, and from free-soil activists who sought to restrict slavery to existing areas and prevent its spread further west

New York City

the largest city in New York State and in the United States; located in southeastern New York at the mouth of the Hudson river; a major financial and cultural center

Woman's Suffrage

the right of women to vote.

Woman's Right Movement

the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls of many societies worldwide.

Andrew Jackson

the seventh President of the United States (1829-1837). Based in frontier Tennessee, Jackson was a politician and army general who defeated the Creek Indians at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814), and the British at the Battle of New Orleans (1815). as president he dismantled the Second Bank of the United States and initiated forced relocation and resettlement of Native American tribes from the Southeast to west of the Mississippi River.

Industrial Revolution

the transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation started in britain

Henry Clay

was the foremost proponent of the American System, fighting for an increase in tariffs to foster industry in the United States, the use of federal funding to build and maintain infrastructure, and a strong national bank.United States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states (1777-1852)

Manifest Destiny

was the widely held belief that American settlers were destined to expand across the continent.