ES 346 Midterm Unit 5 Andre

Three, Six, Right Hip, Left Hip, Lumbar Spine

Hip ROM Pelvic girdle moves back and forth within - planes for a total of - different movements All pelvic girdle rotation results from motion at one or more locations - - -

0, 120, 0, 30, 0, 30-45, 0, 20-30

Hip ROM There is some disagreement about the exact possible range of each movement in the hip joint - to - degrees of flexion - to - degrees of extension - to - - - degrees of abduction - to - - - degrees of adduct

Inferiorly, Downward, Upward, Lateral

Left Lateral Pelvic Rotation In a frontal plane the left pelvis moves - in relation to the right pelvis Either the left pelvis rotates - or the right pelvis rotates - Left - tilt

External, Internal, Rotation, Transverse

Left transverse pelvic rotation Accomplished by right hip - rotation, left hip - rotation, and or right lumbar - - plane of motion

Right Pelvic Lateral Rotation

Lumbar Spine Motion: Left Lateral Flexion Right Hip Motion: Abduction Left Hip Motion: Adduction

Right Pelvic Transverse Rotation

Lumbar Spine Motion: Left Lateral Rotation Right Hip Motion: Internal Rotation Left Hip Motion: External Rotation

Left Pelvic Lateral Rotation

Lumbar Spine Motion: Right Lateral Flexion Right Hip Motion: Adduction Left Hip Motion: Abduction

Left Pelvic Transverse Rotation

Lumbar Spine Motion: Right Lateral Rotation Right Hip Motion: External Rotation Left Hip Motion: Internal Rotation

Backward, Sagittal, Posterior, Upward

Posterior movement of the upper pelvis Iliac crest tilts - in a - plane - tilt - rotation

The Hip

Most mobile joint except the glenohumeral joint Multiaxial arrangement Bony architecture provides stability Resulting in relatively few - joint subluxations and dislocations

Hip Flexion

Movement of the anterior femur toward the anterior pelvis

Hip Diagonal Abduction

Movement of the femur in a diagonal plane away from the midline of the body

Hip Diagonal Adduction

Movement of the femur in a diagonal plane toward the midline of the body

Hip Abduction

Movement of the femur laterally to the side away from the midline

Hip Adduction

Movement of the femur medially toward the midline

Hip Extension

Movement of the posterior femur straight away from the pelvis

Faster, Greater, Increases, Greater, More

Pelvic Bone Jogging and running result in - movements and - range of movement Pelvic rotation - the length of the stride in running In kicking, it results in a - distance or - speed to the kick

Posterior Pelvic Rotation

Accomplished by hip extension and or lumbar flexion Sagittal Plane

Anterior Pelvic Rotation

Accomplished by hip flexion and or lumbar extension Sagittal Plane

Forward, Sagittal, Anterior, Downward

Anterior movement of the upper pelvis Iliac crest tilts - in a - plane - tilt - rotation

Symphysis Pubis, Amphiarthrodial, Sacrum, Sacroiliac, Ligaments

Anteriorly Two pelvic bones join to form the -, an - joint Posteriorly - is between the two pelvic bones and forms the - joints Strong - unite these bones to form rigid, slightly movable joints

Teres Ligament

Attaches from deep in the acetabulum to a depression in femoral head and slightly limits adduction

Labrum

Similar to glenoid fossa of the shoulder joint, the acetabulum is lined around most of its periphery with a - to enhance stability and provide some shock absorption

Gluteus medius Tensor fasciae latae Gluteus maximus Gluteus minimus

What are the agonists of hip abduction?

Gluteus maximus Six deep external rotators

What are the agonists of hip external rotation?

Gluteus minimus Gluteus medius Tensor fasciae latae

What are the agonists of hip internal rotation?

Iliopsoas Pectineus Rectus femoris Sartorius Adductor Brevis (weak)

What are the anterior muscles primarily used in hip flexion?

Adduction of Hip External Rotation as it Adducts Hip Assists in Flexion of Hip Assists in Anterior Pelvic Rotation

What are the functions of the adductor brevis and longus muscles?

Adduction of Hip External Rotation as Hip Adducts Extension of Hip

What are the functions of the adductor magnus muscle?

Flexion of Knee Extension of Hip External Rotation of Hip External Rotation of Flexed Knee Posterior Pelvic Rotation

What are the functions of the biceps femoris muscle?

Extension of Hip External Rotation of Hip Upper Fibers Assist in Abduction Lower Fibers Assist in Adduction Posterior Pelvic Rotation

What are the functions of the gluteus maximus muscle?

Adduction of Hip Weak Flexion of Knee Internal Rotation of Hip Assists with Flexion of Hip Weak Internal Rotation of Knee

What are the functions of the gracilis muscle?

Flexion of Hip Adduction of Hip External Rotation of Hip Anterior Pelvic Rotation

What are the functions of the pectineus muscle?

Flexion of Hip Extension of Knee Anterior Pelvic Rotation

What are the functions of the rectus femoris muscle?

Flexion of Hip Flexion of Knee External Rotation of Thigh as it Flexes Hip and Knee Abduction of Hip Anterior Pelvic Rotation Weak Internal Rotation of Knee

What are the functions of the sartorius muscle?

Flexion of Knee Extension of Hip Internal Rotation of Hip Internal Rotation of Flexed Knee Posterior Pelvic Rotation

What are the functions of the semiteninosus and semimembranosus muscles?

Flexion of Knee, Extension of Hip, Internal Rotation of Hip, Internal Rotation of Flexed Knee, Posterior Pelvic Rotation

What are the functions of the semiteninosus muscle?

Iliofemoral or Y Ligament Pubofemoral Ligament Teres Ligament Ischiofemoral Ligament

What are the ligaments of the hip (acetabulofemoral joint)?

Adductor brevis Adductor longus Adductor magnus Gracilis

What are the medial muscles primarily used in hip adduction?

Gluteus maximus Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus External rotators

What are the posterior muscles primarily used in hip extension?

Multiaxial arrangement Bony architecture provides stability

What arrangement does the hip have and what provides stability?

Right and left pelvic bone joined together posteriorly by the sacrum Pelvic bones are the ilium, ischium, and pubis

What is the pelvic girdle made of?

Ball-and-socket joint Head of the femur connecting with the acetabulum of pelvic girdle

What type of joint is the hip joint?

Bony architecture Strong ligaments Large supportive muscles

Why is the hip joint (acetabular femoral) relatively stable?

Hip Joint or Acetabular Femoral

Relatively stable owing to Bony architecture Strong ligaments Large supportive muscles Functions in weight bearing and locomotion Enhanced significantly by its wide range of motion Ability to run, cross-over cut, side-step cut, jump, and many other directional changes

Pelvic, Ilium, Ischium, Pubis

- bone: Divided into three areas Upper two-fifths equals an - Posterior and lower two-fifths equals an - Anterior and lower one-fifth equals a -

Coccyx

Extends from the inferior of the sacrum

Ischiofemoral Ligament

Extends from the ischium to the trochanteric fossa of the femur, is located posteriorly, and limits internal rotation

Sacrum

Extension of spinal column with five fused vertebrae

Horizontal, Left, Anteriorly, Posteriorly, Horizontal, Right, Anteriorly, Posteriorly

Left/Right Transverse Pelvic Rotation Left In a - plane, the pelvis rotates to the body's - Right iliac crest moves - in relation to the left iliac crest, which moves - Right In a - plane, the pelvis rotates to the body's - Left iliac crest moves - in relation to the right iliac crest, which moves -

Pubofemoral Ligament

Located anteromedially and inferiorly and limits excessive extension and abduction

Iliofemoral or Y Ligament

Located anteriorly and prevents hyperextension

Femur

Longest bone in the body

Anterior Pelvic Rotation

Lumbar Spine Motion: Extension Right Hip Motion: Flexion Left Hip Motion: Flexion

Posterior Pelvic Rotation

Lumbar Spine Motion: Flexion Right Hip Motion: Extension Left Hip Motion: Extension

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Origin: Anterior iliac crest and surface of the ilium just below the crest Insertion: One-fourth of the way down the thigh into the iliotibial tract, which in turn inserts onto Gerdy's tubercle of the anterolateral tibial condyle Action: Abduction of the Hip, Lateral Pelvic Rotation to Ipsilateral Side, Flexion of Hip, Anterior Pelvic Rotation, Internal Rotation of the Hip as it Flexes Plane of Motion: Frontal (first two), Sagittal (next two), Transverse (last one)

Rectus Femoris

Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine of the ilium and groove (posterior) above the acetabulum Insertion: Superior aspect of the patella and patella tendon to the tibial tuberosity Action: Flexion of Hip, Extension of Knee, Anterior Pelvic Rotation Plane of Motion: Sagittal

Adductor Longus

Origin: Anterior pubis just below its crest Insertion: Middle 1/3 of the linea aspera Action: Aduction of the Hip, External Rotation as it Adducts the Hip, Assists in Flexion of Hip Plane of Motion: Frontal (first), Transverse (second), Sagittal (third)

Sartorius

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine and notch just below the spine Insertion: Anterior medial surface of the tibia just below the condyle Action: Flexion of Hip, Flexion of Knee, Anterior Pelvic Rotation, External Rotation of the Thigh as it Flexes the Hip and Knee, Weak Internal Rotation of Knee, Abduction of the Hip Plane of Motion: Sagittal (first three), Transverse (next two), Frontal (last one)

Gracilis

Origin: Anteromedial edge of the descending ramus of pubis Insertion: Anterior medial surface of the tibia below the condyle Action: Adduction of the Hip, Weak Flexion of the Knee, Assists with Flexion of Hip, Internal Rotation of the Hip, Weak Internal rotation of the Knee Plane of Motion: Frontal (first), Sagittal (next two), Transverse (last two)

Adductor Magnus

Origin: Edge of the entire pubic ramus and the ischium and ischial tuberosity Insertion: Whole length of the linea aspera, medial condyloid ridge, and adductor tubercle Action: Adduction of the Hip, External Rotation as the Hip Adducts, Extension of the Hip Plane of Motion: Frontal (first), Transverse (second), Sagittal (third)

Adductor Brevis

Origin: Front of the inferior pubic ramus just below the origin of the adductor longus Insertion: Lower 2/3 of the pectineal line of the femur and the upper half of the medial lip of the linea aspera Action: Adduction of Hip, External Rotation as it Adducts the Hip, Assists in Flexion of the Hip Plane of Motion: Frontal (first), Transverse (second), Sagittal (third)

Iliacus

Origin: Inner surface of the ilium Insertion: Lesser trochanter of the femur and shaft just below Action: Flexion of Hip, Anterior Pelvic Rotation, External Rotation of Hip, Transverse Pelvic Rotation Contralaterally when Ipsilateral Femur is Stabilized Plane of Motion: Sagittal (first two actions), Transverse (last two actions)

Semimembranosus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Posteromedial surface of the medial tibial condyle Action: Flexion of Knee, Extension o fHip, Posterior Pelvic Rotation, Internal Rotation of Hip, Internal Rotation of Knee Plane of Motion: Sagittal (first three), Transverse (last two)

Semitendinosus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Upper anterior medial surface of the tibia just below the condyle Action: Flexion of Knee, Extension of Hip, Posterior Pelvic Rotation, Internal Rotation of Hip, Internal Rotation of Flexed Knee Plane of Motion: Sagittal (first three), Transverse (last two)

Gluteus Medius

Origin: Lateral surface of the ilium just below the crest Insertion: Posterior and middle surfaces of the greater trochanter of the femur Action: Abduction of Hip, Lateral Pelvic Rotation to Ipsilateral Side, Anterior Fibers: Internal Rotation of Hip, Posterior Fibers: External Rotation of Hip, Anterior Fibers: Flexion of Hip, Anterior Fibers: Anterior Pelvic Rotation, Posterior Fibers: Extension of the Hip, Posterior Fibers: Posterior Pelvic Rotation Plane of Motion: Frontal (first two), Transverse (next two), Sagittal (last four)

Gluteus Minimus

Origin: Lateral surface of the ilium just below the origin of the gluteus medius Insertion: Anterior surface of the greater trochanter of the femur Action: Abduction of Hip, Lateral Pelvic Rotation to Ipsilateral Side, Hip Internal Rotation as Femur is Abducted, Flexion of Hip, Anterior Pelvic Rotation Plane of Motion: Frontal (first two), Transverse (third one), Sagittal (last two)

Biceps Femoris

Origin: Long head; ischial tuberosity, Short head; lower half of the linea aspera, and lateral condyloid ridge Insertion: Head of the fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia Action: Flexion of Knee, Extension of Hip, Posterior Pelvic Rotation, External Rotation of Hip, External Rotation of Knee Plane of Motion: Sagittal (first three), Transverse (last two)

Psoas Major and Minor

Origin: Lower borders of the transverse processes (L1-L5), sides of the bodies of the last thoracic vertebra (T12), the lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5), intervertebral fibrocartilages, and base of sacrum Insertion: Lesser trochanter of the femur and shaft just below psoas minor; pectineal line (of pubis) and iliopectinel eminence Action: Flexion of Hip, Anterior Pelvic Rotation, Flexion of Lumbar Spine, External Rotation of Hip, Transverse Pelvic Rotation Contralaterally when Ipsilateral Femur is Stabilized, Lateral Flexion of Lumbar Spine, Lateral Pelvic Rotation to Contralateral Side Plane of Motion: Sagittal (first three), transverse (next two), Frontal (last two)

Gluteus Maximus

Origin: Posterior 1/4 of the crest of the ilium, posterior surface of the sacrum and coccyx near the ilium, and fascia of the lumbar area Insertion: Oblique ridge on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter and the iliotibial band of the fasciae latae Action: Extension of Hip, Posterior Pelvic Rotation, External Rotation of Hip, Upper Fibers: Assist in Hip Abduction, Lower Fibers: Assist in Hip Adduction Plane of Motion: Sagittal (first two), Transverse (third one), Frontal (last two)

Pectineus

Origin: Space 1 inch wide on front of the pubis just above the crest Insertion: Rough line leading from the lesser trochanter down to the linea aspera Action: Flexion of Hip, Adduction of Hip, External Rotation of Hip Plane of Motion: Sagittal (first), Frontal (second), Transverse (rest)

Muscles, Oscillating, Pelvic girdle, Hip, Flexion, Extension, Rotation, Forward, Backward

Pelvic Bone Large and heavy bones are covered by thick, heavy - Very minimal - -type movements occur in the sacroiliac joints, as in walking Body movements usually involve the entire - and - joints In walking, hip - and - occur with pelvic girdle -, - in hip flexion and - in hip extension

Iliopsoas, Iliacus, Psoas Major

Pelvic Muscles Acting on the Hip Joint Iliac region: - muscle flexes the hip - -

Iliofemoral Ligament (Y Ligament)

Proximal Attachments: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine Distal Attachments: Anterior surface of the intertrochanteric line of femur Functional Application and Joint Stability: Two bands running diagonally from anterior pelvis to femur; strongest ligament in the body; shaped like an inverted -; reinforces the anterior surface of the articular capsule of the hip joint; prevents hip extension and helps maintain posture

Pubofemoral Ligament

Proximal Attachments: Obturator crest, superior ramus of pubis, and iliopubic eminence Distal Attachments: Intertrochanteric line on anterior femur Functional Application and Joint Stability: Reinforces the inferior and anterior capsule of the hip joint; limits excessive extension, abduction, and external rotation

Ischiofemoral Ligament

Proximal Attachments: Posteriorly on inferior acetabular margin of ischium, superior margin of ischial tuberosity Distal Attachments: Zona obicularis and intertrochanteric line posteriorly Functional Application and Joint Stability: Triangular band of strong fibers that reinforce the posterior articular capsule of hip joint; limits internal rotation

Ligament of Head of Femur (Ligamentum Teres)

Proximal Attachments: Transverse acetabular ligament along ischial and pubic margins of acetabular notch Distal Attachments: Fovea capitis of femur Functional Application and Joint Stability: Triangular in its origin, contains within it the acetabular branch of the obturator artery to supply the head of and proximal neck of the femur; taut in excessive hip adduction, flexion, and external rotation

Lateral, Frontal, Abduction, Adduction, Flexion

Right and left lateral pelvic rotation - or - plane Left lateral pelvic rotation Accomplished by left hip -, right hip -, and or right lumbar lateral -

Clockwise, Counterclockwise

Right transverse or - pelvic rotation and left transverse or - pelvic rotation

Hip External Rotation

Rotary movement of the femur laterally around its longitudinal axis away from the midline Lateral rotation

Hip Internal Rotation

Rotary movement of the femur medially around its longitudinal axis toward the midline Medial rotation