ESC 270 EXAM I

What is the normal range of motion for ankle dorsiflexion?

0 to 20 degrees

Five "red flags" indicating serious emergency and activation of EMS

1. airway obstruction 2. respiratory failure 3. excessive bleeding 4. severe shock 5. suspected spinal injury

Five key areas used to develop history of an injury

1. primary complaint 2. mechanism of injury 3. characteristics of the symptoms 4. disability resulting from injury 5. related medical history

What is the normal pulse rate for a child?

120-140

What is the normal hemoglobin range for a male adult? women?

13-18 male 12-16 women

What is the normal hemoglobin for men? For women?

13-18 men 12-16 women

What is the normal respiratory rate for a child? an adult?

20-25 child 10-25 adult

What is the ideal completion time for the PPE?

6 weeks prior to the start of practice sessions

An index level of _______ for the Harvard Step Test suggests that the individual is not ready for sports activity

<65

Abbreviation for twice daily

BID

What professional organization is responsible for awarding the ATC credential?

Board of Certification (BOC)

Sports Medicine

Branch of Health Care encompassing several disciplines Applies medical and scientific knowledge to prevent/care

A form of radiography that produces a "3-D" cross-sectional picture of a body part is:

CT scan

In the absence of a coach, which of the following is not a responsibility of the coach? A. recognize the severity of an injury B. implement an emergency care plan C. assess the extent of an injury D. design a rehabilitation program

D. design a rehabilitation program

True or False: A physician has the authority to totally exclude an athlete from participation due to a medical condition

False

True or False: the musculoskeletal examination is the most important component of the PPE

False

What are the four parts to HOPS

History Observation Palpation Special Testing

Who regulates professions to protect the public from harm by unqualified individuals?

Individual states

What density of materials are open cell and best to reduce friction and absorb liquids?

Low Density

Athletic Training

Medical profession involved in prevention, assessment, treatment, and rehabilitation Health Care profession

What are the primary duties and responsibilities of a certified athletic trainer?

Prevention Care Assessment Treatment Rehab

What document serves as the blueprint for the certification examination administered by the board of certification?

Role Delineation Study

Besides the ABC's, what else should be assessed during the primary survey?

Scene safety

What are the four parts to SOAP?

Subjective Objective Assessment Plan

Abbreviation for three times a day

TID

True or False: The preparticipation examination should determine the general health, maturity, and fitness level of an individual and detect those at risk for injury or those who may have conditions that may limit participation

True

True or False: visual acuity is best tested using a Snellen chart

True

True or False: white coat syndrome is a term used to identify hypertension due to anxiety

True

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by what?

abnormal thickening of the left ventricle wall

What are the two potential effects on a target when force is applied?

acceleration (change in velocity) deformation (change in shape)

What is the body's ability to sustain submaximal exercise over an extended period?

aerobic capacity

What is the ability to change directions rapidly while moving at a high rate of speed?

agility

A reduction in either the red blood cell volume or the hemoglobin concentration

anemia

What is the loss of tactile sensation?

anesthesia

Term used to describe unequal pupils

aniscoria

Unequal pupils

aniscoria

What does the L4 myotome test?

ankle dorsiflexion

walking with a limp

antalgic gait

What do individuals with Marfan syndrome usually die from?

aortic rupture

In an athletic program, which is not a role of the team physician: A. review preseason physical exam B. apply therapeutic modalities C. dispense medication D. review policies/procedures to ensure compliance with school/athletic guidelines

apply therapeutic modalities

An individual affirms a subjective understanding of the risks of participation in the activity and one's voluntary choice to participate

assumption of risk

Deterioration of tissue

atrophy

Force acting along the long axis of a structure is termed _______ force

axial

What type of shock occurs when there is injury to the heart or previous heart attack?

cardiogenic

The position in which two joint surfaces fit precisely together is called what?

close-packed

Where are traditional athletic training settings considered to be?

colleges and high schools

Axial loading that produces a squeezing or crushing effect is termed ____________ force

compression

Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that primarily affects what?

connective tissue

What can anemia contribute to?

decrease in aerobic capacity decrease in aerobic threshold decrease exercise time to exhaustion

What can hypertension contribute to?

diabetes mellitus

_________ pressure is the residual pressure in the aorta between heartbeats and averages 70 to 80 mm Hg

diastolic

What food should be given to an athlete who has anemia?

dried apricots

What is the discoloration or swelling outside a joint in the surrounding soft tissue?

ecchymosis

discoloration of tissue

ecchymosis

What is the escape of fluid from the blood vessels into the joint cavity?

effusion

What is the ability to return to normal length after either lengthening or shortening has taken place?

elasticity

What are management techniques for shock?

elevate legs maintain body temperature control bleeding

What is not a normal joint end feel?

empty

How does the BOC ensure professional responsibility of individuals with the ATC credential?

establish a code of ethics

the study of the causes of disease

etiology

What is a written guarantee that a product is safe for use?

expressed warranty

What is the ability to be stretched or increased in length?

extensibility

True or False: Marfan Syndrome is considered a noncardiac cause of sudden death

false

True or False: use of an opiate-based drug can cause dilated pupils

false

What is an example of a functional test?

figure eight running

A situation in which danger is apparent that results in an unreasonable unsafe condition is what?

foreseeability of harm

What is the impact of the federal rehabilitation act and americans with disabilities act?

gives the legal right for any individual to participate regardless of medical condition. gives clearance to physician if individual is harmed

What is the instrument used to measure active and passive range of motion at a joint

goniometers

When assessing ligamentous laxity, a soft end feel indicates what grade of injury?

grade II injury

When an individual has total disregard for the safety of others

gross negligence

Subjective information is gained through what portion of the HOPS process?

history

What is increased tactile sensation?

hyperesthesia

What is the most common cause of sudden death in individuals younger than age 35?

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

What is decreased tactile sensation?

hypoesthesia

What type of shock occurs with hemorrhage or dehydration?

hypovolemic

What are the seven types of shock?

hypovolemic respiratory neurogenic psychogenic cardiogenic metabolic septic

Palpation of crepitus over a tendon or bursa could indicate:

inflammation

visual analysis of overall body appearance

inspection

What does the primary survey determine?

level of responsiveness, assess airway, breathing, and circulation

What is the most effective regulatory means of protecting the public?

licensure

What asking about the characteristics of symptoms, determine: (LLOSD)

location, limitations, onset, severity, duration

To determine the presence of accessory movement, the joint should be manipulated in what position?

loose-packed

In the female athlete, iron-deficiency is seen predominantly in those who maintain a _______ percentage of body fat

low

Committing an act that is not your responsibility to perform

malfeasance

Committing a negligent act while providing care

malpractice

What is the most important part of the PPE?

medical history

What type of shock causes insulin shock, diabetic coma, vomiting, or diarrhea?

metaboic

Committing an act that is one's responsibility to perform, but following the wrong procedure or the right procedure is improperly performed

misfeasance

If an AT commits an act that is their responsibility to perform but uses the wrong procedure, the individual could be accused of what?

misfeasance

What is used to test the motor component of a nerve root?

myotome

failing to perform one's legal duty of care

negligence

What could be damaged if the individual is experiencing muscle weakness with the absence of pain?

nerve damage

What type of shock occurs when peripheral blood vessels dilate causing insufficient blood volume?

neurogenic

Between a certified athletic trainer, a sport participant, an orthopedic physician, and a team physician, who is not a member of the primary sports medicine?

orthopedic physician

What is the tingling or burning tactile sensation?

paresthesia

abnormal sensations

paresthesia

Movement of an injured body part through range of motion with no assistance from the injured individual is:

passive movement

the cause, development, and changes of an injury

pathology

A blood pressure reading of 120 to 139 systolic and 80 to 89 diastolic is considered what?

prehypertension

What are the performance domains for entry-level certified athletic trainers?

prevention clinical evaluation and diagnosis

Who has the final authority in determining whether an individual should be cleared for activity?

primary care physician team physician

What the injured individual believes may be the current problem

primary complaint

The immediate assessment occurring on the field when a life-threatening injury is present

primary survey

What type of shock refers to temporary dilation of blood vessels resulting in draining blood from the head with pooling of blood in abdomen?

psychogenic

PEARL and check for what 4 symptoms:

pupils equal and reacting to light 1. light reflex 2. eye movement 3. tracking ability 4. depth perception

pain felt in region other than site of actual cause

referred pain

What type of shock derives from airway obstruction or pneumothorax?

respiratory

What are some signs of shock?

restlessness/anxiety/fear nausea/vomiting cold, clammy, moist skin shallow irregular breathing profuse sweating extreme thirst dilated pupils rapid, weak pulse

What type of shock derives from severe, usually bacterial infection?

septic

________ force acts parallel or tangent to a plane passing through the object

shear

Dilated pupils are associated with what conditions?

shock, cardiac arrest, hemorrhage

Dilated pupils can be caused by what:

shock, cardiac arrest, hemorrhage

What could cause a slow, bounding pulse?

shock, skull fracture

What does somatic pain arise from?

skin, ligaments, muscles, bones, and joints

A slow bounding pulse could be indicative of what?

skull fracture

pain originating from the skin

somatic pain

What events would qualify for continuing education units?

speaking at a symposium attending workshops and seminars taking a correspondence or postgrad course

What another minimally competent individual educated and practicing in that profession would have done in same or similar circumstance

standard of care

_________ is defined as force divided by the surface area over which the force is applied

stress

Systolic/Dystolic pressure is the residual pressure that exists in the arteries when the heart is at rest

systolic

_________ pressure is the residual pressure that exists in the arteries when the heart is at rest

systolic

Physical findings that can be revealed during the palpation of bone and soft tissue:

temperature swelling point tenderness crepitus deformity muscle spasm pulse cutaneous sensation

In (tendons or ligaments), the collagen fibers are arranged in a parallel pattern, enabling resistance of high, unidirectional tensile loads when the attached muscle contracts.

tendons

Axial loading in the direction opposite that of compression is called _________ force

tensile

What does the standard of care refer to?

the level of competency that must be demonstrated by an individual educated in and practicing in a given profession

What is a wrong doing by an individual for which the injured party seeks a remedy for damages suffered?

tort

True False: the pupils are extremely sensitive to conditions that affect the CNS

true

What are four ocular red flags that require further examination?

vision greater than 20/50 vision in only one eye limited peripheral vision myopia (nearsightedness)

Rapid and ________ pulse is a symptom of shock

weak

What does WFL stand for?

within functional limits