ESC 270 EXAM I
What is the normal range of motion for ankle dorsiflexion?
0 to 20 degrees
Five "red flags" indicating serious emergency and activation of EMS
1. airway obstruction 2. respiratory failure 3. excessive bleeding 4. severe shock 5. suspected spinal injury
Five key areas used to develop history of an injury
1. primary complaint 2. mechanism of injury 3. characteristics of the symptoms 4. disability resulting from injury 5. related medical history
What is the normal pulse rate for a child?
120-140
What is the normal hemoglobin range for a male adult? women?
13-18 male 12-16 women
What is the normal hemoglobin for men? For women?
13-18 men 12-16 women
What is the normal respiratory rate for a child? an adult?
20-25 child 10-25 adult
What is the ideal completion time for the PPE?
6 weeks prior to the start of practice sessions
An index level of _______ for the Harvard Step Test suggests that the individual is not ready for sports activity
<65
Abbreviation for twice daily
BID
What professional organization is responsible for awarding the ATC credential?
Board of Certification (BOC)
Sports Medicine
Branch of Health Care encompassing several disciplines Applies medical and scientific knowledge to prevent/care
A form of radiography that produces a "3-D" cross-sectional picture of a body part is:
CT scan
In the absence of a coach, which of the following is not a responsibility of the coach? A. recognize the severity of an injury B. implement an emergency care plan C. assess the extent of an injury D. design a rehabilitation program
D. design a rehabilitation program
True or False: A physician has the authority to totally exclude an athlete from participation due to a medical condition
False
True or False: the musculoskeletal examination is the most important component of the PPE
False
What are the four parts to HOPS
History Observation Palpation Special Testing
Who regulates professions to protect the public from harm by unqualified individuals?
Individual states
What density of materials are open cell and best to reduce friction and absorb liquids?
Low Density
Athletic Training
Medical profession involved in prevention, assessment, treatment, and rehabilitation Health Care profession
What are the primary duties and responsibilities of a certified athletic trainer?
Prevention Care Assessment Treatment Rehab
What document serves as the blueprint for the certification examination administered by the board of certification?
Role Delineation Study
Besides the ABC's, what else should be assessed during the primary survey?
Scene safety
What are the four parts to SOAP?
Subjective Objective Assessment Plan
Abbreviation for three times a day
TID
True or False: The preparticipation examination should determine the general health, maturity, and fitness level of an individual and detect those at risk for injury or those who may have conditions that may limit participation
True
True or False: visual acuity is best tested using a Snellen chart
True
True or False: white coat syndrome is a term used to identify hypertension due to anxiety
True
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by what?
abnormal thickening of the left ventricle wall
What are the two potential effects on a target when force is applied?
acceleration (change in velocity) deformation (change in shape)
What is the body's ability to sustain submaximal exercise over an extended period?
aerobic capacity
What is the ability to change directions rapidly while moving at a high rate of speed?
agility
A reduction in either the red blood cell volume or the hemoglobin concentration
anemia
What is the loss of tactile sensation?
anesthesia
Term used to describe unequal pupils
aniscoria
Unequal pupils
aniscoria
What does the L4 myotome test?
ankle dorsiflexion
walking with a limp
antalgic gait
What do individuals with Marfan syndrome usually die from?
aortic rupture
In an athletic program, which is not a role of the team physician: A. review preseason physical exam B. apply therapeutic modalities C. dispense medication D. review policies/procedures to ensure compliance with school/athletic guidelines
apply therapeutic modalities
An individual affirms a subjective understanding of the risks of participation in the activity and one's voluntary choice to participate
assumption of risk
Deterioration of tissue
atrophy
Force acting along the long axis of a structure is termed _______ force
axial
What type of shock occurs when there is injury to the heart or previous heart attack?
cardiogenic
The position in which two joint surfaces fit precisely together is called what?
close-packed
Where are traditional athletic training settings considered to be?
colleges and high schools
Axial loading that produces a squeezing or crushing effect is termed ____________ force
compression
Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that primarily affects what?
connective tissue
What can anemia contribute to?
decrease in aerobic capacity decrease in aerobic threshold decrease exercise time to exhaustion
What can hypertension contribute to?
diabetes mellitus
_________ pressure is the residual pressure in the aorta between heartbeats and averages 70 to 80 mm Hg
diastolic
What food should be given to an athlete who has anemia?
dried apricots
What is the discoloration or swelling outside a joint in the surrounding soft tissue?
ecchymosis
discoloration of tissue
ecchymosis
What is the escape of fluid from the blood vessels into the joint cavity?
effusion
What is the ability to return to normal length after either lengthening or shortening has taken place?
elasticity
What are management techniques for shock?
elevate legs maintain body temperature control bleeding
What is not a normal joint end feel?
empty
How does the BOC ensure professional responsibility of individuals with the ATC credential?
establish a code of ethics
the study of the causes of disease
etiology
What is a written guarantee that a product is safe for use?
expressed warranty
What is the ability to be stretched or increased in length?
extensibility
True or False: Marfan Syndrome is considered a noncardiac cause of sudden death
false
True or False: use of an opiate-based drug can cause dilated pupils
false
What is an example of a functional test?
figure eight running
A situation in which danger is apparent that results in an unreasonable unsafe condition is what?
foreseeability of harm
What is the impact of the federal rehabilitation act and americans with disabilities act?
gives the legal right for any individual to participate regardless of medical condition. gives clearance to physician if individual is harmed
What is the instrument used to measure active and passive range of motion at a joint
goniometers
When assessing ligamentous laxity, a soft end feel indicates what grade of injury?
grade II injury
When an individual has total disregard for the safety of others
gross negligence
Subjective information is gained through what portion of the HOPS process?
history
What is increased tactile sensation?
hyperesthesia
What is the most common cause of sudden death in individuals younger than age 35?
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
What is decreased tactile sensation?
hypoesthesia
What type of shock occurs with hemorrhage or dehydration?
hypovolemic
What are the seven types of shock?
hypovolemic respiratory neurogenic psychogenic cardiogenic metabolic septic
Palpation of crepitus over a tendon or bursa could indicate:
inflammation
visual analysis of overall body appearance
inspection
What does the primary survey determine?
level of responsiveness, assess airway, breathing, and circulation
What is the most effective regulatory means of protecting the public?
licensure
What asking about the characteristics of symptoms, determine: (LLOSD)
location, limitations, onset, severity, duration
To determine the presence of accessory movement, the joint should be manipulated in what position?
loose-packed
In the female athlete, iron-deficiency is seen predominantly in those who maintain a _______ percentage of body fat
low
Committing an act that is not your responsibility to perform
malfeasance
Committing a negligent act while providing care
malpractice
What is the most important part of the PPE?
medical history
What type of shock causes insulin shock, diabetic coma, vomiting, or diarrhea?
metaboic
Committing an act that is one's responsibility to perform, but following the wrong procedure or the right procedure is improperly performed
misfeasance
If an AT commits an act that is their responsibility to perform but uses the wrong procedure, the individual could be accused of what?
misfeasance
What is used to test the motor component of a nerve root?
myotome
failing to perform one's legal duty of care
negligence
What could be damaged if the individual is experiencing muscle weakness with the absence of pain?
nerve damage
What type of shock occurs when peripheral blood vessels dilate causing insufficient blood volume?
neurogenic
Between a certified athletic trainer, a sport participant, an orthopedic physician, and a team physician, who is not a member of the primary sports medicine?
orthopedic physician
What is the tingling or burning tactile sensation?
paresthesia
abnormal sensations
paresthesia
Movement of an injured body part through range of motion with no assistance from the injured individual is:
passive movement
the cause, development, and changes of an injury
pathology
A blood pressure reading of 120 to 139 systolic and 80 to 89 diastolic is considered what?
prehypertension
What are the performance domains for entry-level certified athletic trainers?
prevention clinical evaluation and diagnosis
Who has the final authority in determining whether an individual should be cleared for activity?
primary care physician team physician
What the injured individual believes may be the current problem
primary complaint
The immediate assessment occurring on the field when a life-threatening injury is present
primary survey
What type of shock refers to temporary dilation of blood vessels resulting in draining blood from the head with pooling of blood in abdomen?
psychogenic
PEARL and check for what 4 symptoms:
pupils equal and reacting to light 1. light reflex 2. eye movement 3. tracking ability 4. depth perception
pain felt in region other than site of actual cause
referred pain
What type of shock derives from airway obstruction or pneumothorax?
respiratory
What are some signs of shock?
restlessness/anxiety/fear nausea/vomiting cold, clammy, moist skin shallow irregular breathing profuse sweating extreme thirst dilated pupils rapid, weak pulse
What type of shock derives from severe, usually bacterial infection?
septic
________ force acts parallel or tangent to a plane passing through the object
shear
Dilated pupils are associated with what conditions?
shock, cardiac arrest, hemorrhage
Dilated pupils can be caused by what:
shock, cardiac arrest, hemorrhage
What could cause a slow, bounding pulse?
shock, skull fracture
What does somatic pain arise from?
skin, ligaments, muscles, bones, and joints
A slow bounding pulse could be indicative of what?
skull fracture
pain originating from the skin
somatic pain
What events would qualify for continuing education units?
speaking at a symposium attending workshops and seminars taking a correspondence or postgrad course
What another minimally competent individual educated and practicing in that profession would have done in same or similar circumstance
standard of care
_________ is defined as force divided by the surface area over which the force is applied
stress
Systolic/Dystolic pressure is the residual pressure that exists in the arteries when the heart is at rest
systolic
_________ pressure is the residual pressure that exists in the arteries when the heart is at rest
systolic
Physical findings that can be revealed during the palpation of bone and soft tissue:
temperature swelling point tenderness crepitus deformity muscle spasm pulse cutaneous sensation
In (tendons or ligaments), the collagen fibers are arranged in a parallel pattern, enabling resistance of high, unidirectional tensile loads when the attached muscle contracts.
tendons
Axial loading in the direction opposite that of compression is called _________ force
tensile
What does the standard of care refer to?
the level of competency that must be demonstrated by an individual educated in and practicing in a given profession
What is a wrong doing by an individual for which the injured party seeks a remedy for damages suffered?
tort
True False: the pupils are extremely sensitive to conditions that affect the CNS
true
What are four ocular red flags that require further examination?
vision greater than 20/50 vision in only one eye limited peripheral vision myopia (nearsightedness)
Rapid and ________ pulse is a symptom of shock
weak
What does WFL stand for?
within functional limits
