ESP 402 Final

children who have been abused were______________________ times as likely to have a form of mental retardation.

4.8

wehmeyer , agran, and hughes surveyed 1219 teachers about their beliefs and practices regarding self determination. What percentage of teachers indicated that none of their students had goals in this area?

3%

in the study of rehabilitation facilities conducted by Jaskulski and Mason, what percentage of consumers were identified as being HIV positive?

30%

Identify the assessment that is used with middle school students because it examines autonomy,self regulation, psychological empowerment, and self realization which are skills consistent with the emergence of this level of emotional development

ARCS self determination scale

Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Acts (1984)

Although not specific to children with exceptionalities, this legislation mandated the development of employment-related training activities for adults with disabilities. These programs were thought to lessen the dependence of the adults on financial assistance from the federal government. [P.L. 98-527]

Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act (1975)

As with the Bill of Rights for other population subgroups, this piece of legislation reaffirms the rights of citizens with mental retardation and provides areas in which services must be provided for citizens with mental retardation and other developmental disabilities. [P.L. 94-103]

Imbecile

As with the term idiot, imbecile is an outdated term that was used to categorize individuals with mental retardation. Individuals in this category had the intelligent quotient between the scores of 25 and 50. Those with this label also would have been adults with characteristics and behaviors similar to those children between the ages of 3 and 7.

For many students, this time period/ grade level is the time when instruction begin to focus on learning skills in community environments. Although community referenced instruction remains an important part of a student's in school experiences, many age-appropriate skills become increasingly difficult to reference in the school setting. Identify the grade level/ time period. a. preschool experiences b. elementary school experiences c. middle school experiences d. high school experiences e. adult (post secondary) experiences

B. Middle school experiences

which of the following is NOT a purpose when collecting baseline data? A. to determine whether instruction on the task is learned B. To determine the level of assessment at the conclusion of instruction C. to identify any particular steps of an analysis that may cause problems for the student D. To verify that the developed task analysis is appropriate for the skill and student.

B. To determine the level of assessment at the conclusion of the instruction

According to Deci and Ryan, the two key components of self determination are _____________________________ & _______________________________________________.

Choice and control

identify the assessment tool that evaluates self determination skills that students need to be successful in their adult life and the opportunities available to engage in these skills. This tool is designed for use by middle schoolers and high schoolers with learning disabilities and behavior problems

Choice maker of self determination transition assessment

identify the program that teaches students with limited cognitive and communication skills to distinguish different kinds of "touching" from people at different levels of intimacy in their lives. it also teaches students that they can say "no" to inappropriate types of touching?

Circles

The Children with Disabilities Temporary Care Reauthorization Act (1989)

Components of this law include provisions to fund temporary child care (i.e., respite care) for children who have a disability or chronic illness and crisis nurseries for children at risk of abuse or neglect. [P.L. 101-127]

Amendments to the Education of the Handicapped Act (1983)

Congress enacted the legislation in order to increase the number of successful opportunities for students leaving the school environment and entering the workforce. Specific funding was attached for the development of appropriate transitional models with specific outcomes being indicated within the language of the legislation. The legislation provided incentives to states who provide services to infants and preschool children with disabilities. [P.L. 98-199]

David Wechsler

David Wechsler, Chief Psychologist at Bellevue Psychiatric Hospital in New York City, developed the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale. The WBIS is the predecessor to most of the currently used intelligence measurement scales. Wechsler worked primarily with adults and felt the Stanford-Binet test items focused on children and was therefore not appropriate for his targeted population. He also felt that a single IQ score was not appropriate. In his assessment, Wechsler introduced the use of verbal IQ and a performance IQ within the same test.

Edgar Doll

Doll is perhaps best known for as the author of the Vineland Social Maturity Scale. Social maturity later evolved into the concept of adaptive behavior that is regularly used in the identification of individuals with mental retardation. Doll also mentioned that mental retardation is a developmental phenomenon that occurred at maturity.

Dorothea Dix (1802-1887)

Dorothea Dix, possibly the most dynamic individual of this era, served to advocate for the appropriate treatment of individuals who were mentally retarded. Before her address to the Massachusetts's legislature in 1843, treatment of the identified group was only of monetary concern and not humane treatment.

Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act (1973)

Due to the variety of definitions for the term "handicapped person" the authors of this piece of legislation provide a set of guidelines in order to establish a more uniform definition for the term. They also provide a basic definition for "appropriate education". However, possibly the strongest piece of this legislation was the declaration that a person could not be excluded on the basis of a disability alone from any program or activity that receives federal funding (which includes all public school systems). [93-112]

Alfred Binet

During the early twentieth century the development and use of intelligence greatly impacted the use of classification systems in the field of mental retardation identification. One of the leaders in developing intelligence measure devices included Alfred Binet. He was commissioned by the Ministry of Education in France, along with Theodore Simon, to create a device that could actually determine the existence of mental retardation in a person. The device could also eliminate individuals from consideration for this population group. Much of Binet's work has been adapted and principles used by others seeking to develop similar assessment tools.

Hervey Wilbur (1820-1883)

Following the model of existing facilities, Hervey Wilbur established the first privately funded institution for individuals with mental retardation in the United States. As with many institutions of this time, the facility closed due to mismanagement.

Philippe Pinel (1745 - 1826)

French physician and Itard's mentor who has been credited for spearheading the practice of humane treatment for individuals who are mentally ill / mentally retarded. When asked the prognosis for Victor, Pinel advised Itard to invest his energies elsewhere as Victor was a hopeless idiot.

Jean Marc Itard (1775 - 1838)

French physician, who was an expert on diseases of the ear and deaf education, is often given credit as the father of modern special education. His most famous collection of work centers around an individual named Victor. Itard was primarily concerned with the development of the educational plan; however, other professionals including Sequin were responsible for implementing the developed curriculum for Victor.

Samuel Gridley Howe (1801 - 1876)

Howe, a physician and an educator, is a champion of humanitarian causes and emancipation. As an educator of the deaf and blind, he established the Perkins School for the Blind. He is also the trainer for Laura Bridgman who was deaf and blind and influenced the education of Helen Keller. In the 1840s, Howe helped with the establishment of an experimental school for children who were mentally retarded.

Identify the curriculum where a facilitator uses numerous awareness building materials to show how students can take an active role in making decisions, self advocating and creating their own lifestyle plans and goals.

I want my dream, my hat and profile decks preferenced based planning

Johann Guggenbuhl (1816-1863)

Johann Guggenbuhl was the founder of the Abendberg residential treatment facility, for individuals with intellectual disabilities, which was located in Switzerland. The primary designated purpose of the institution was to treat and then reintegrate the clients back into the community. The facility was seen as the model for creating institutions of this kind. Many professionals would replicate the model in other places including America.

there are many approaches to technology assessment, but the one that provides the most comprehensive information and follows a person-centered approach is _________________. This assessment strategy involves not only examining the uses of the technology but also looking at individual preferences and comfort with technology in making assistive technology recommendations.

Matching person and tech

Americans with Disabilities Education Act (1990)

Originally authorized by Congress many years prior to 1990, but was threatened by a veto from President Reagan. The authors of the legislation reintroduced the legislation during the Presidency of George H.W. Bush who was more accepting of the legislative idea and was signed into law in 1990. This legislation prohibits discrimination against people in the private sector, such as private colleges and universities. The rights of the individuals were protected in the following areas: employment, public services, accommodations, transportation, and telecommunication services. [P.L. 101-336]

Rehabilitation Act Amendments (1986)

Regulations were included in the legislation that developed supported employment programs for adults with disabilities. Typically these programs are housed within each state's Department of Health and Human Resources or other independent organization for various communities. [P.L. 99-506]

this evaluation includes a section on money and value that can be used with students who function below the second grade level. this battery would be useful for students who have not reached the skill level assessed by the Brigance Life Skills inventory?

Scales of individual behavior revised

Eduoard Seguin (1812 - 1880)

Seguin was Itard's student as well as the primary educator for Victor. Seguin immigrated to the United States after his experiences with educating Victor. Many of his established educational techniques are still employed when working with students who have exceptionalities. These practices include the ideas of individualized instruction, precise sequencing of educational tasks, and a stimulating multi-sensory approach to instruction, development of functional skills, the concept of reinforcement of positive behaviors, and the principle that every child should be educated to the greatest extent possible.

Educational Amendments Act (1974)

The amendments provided states with federal grants in order to develop programs for students with disabilities. Applying for the grants at the time was strictly voluntary, so states could apply for the funding if they desired or avoid the process. The lesson learned by many states during this process is that if the federal government is providing grant funding and states governments should take advantage of the opportunity. This lesson was learned by some states that did not apply for grant funding for program development and were forced by federal guidelines at a later date to create the programs but at a cost to the state instead of the federal government. Other components of the legislation was federal funding for programs that were developed for students with gifts and talents and it granted students and families the right of due process in special education placement. [P.L. 93-380]

Handicapped Children's Early Assistance Act (1968)

The establishment of the "first chance network" of experimental programs for children with disabilities was created as a result of this legislative act. [P.L. 90-538]

Eugenics Movement / Scare

The eugenics scare was a scientific movement designed to improve the human race by manipulating breeding. One of the primary hypotheses of the practice was that the number of individuals who were feeble-minded would be reduced by selective breeding.

Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965)

The federal government provided funding to states and local districts for the development of programs specifically designed for children who are economically disadvantaged and children with exceptionalities. [P.L. 89-10]

Handicapped Children's Protection Act (1986)

The legislative act provides for the pursuance of legal action by parents against a school district when student's (with exceptionalities) educational rights are violated. The Act provides for the reimbursement of attorney's fees to parents who prevail in a hearing or court case to secure an appropriate education for their child. [P.L. 99-372]

Technology-Related Assistance for Individuals with Disabilities Act of 1988 (1988)

The primary purpose of this law is to assist states in the development of comprehensive, consumer-responsive programs of technology-related assistance and to extend the availability of technology to individuals with disabilities and their families. "Assistive technology device" is broadly defined in the law to give states flexibility in programs to be developed. Assistive technology services under this law include activities related to developing consumer-responsive services with federal funds. [P.L. 100-407]

Education for the Handicapped Act Amendments of 1986 (1986)

The requirements included in this legislation mandate that states provide free and appropriate public education (FAPE) to all children 3 - 5 years of age with disabilities who are eligible to apply for federal preschool funding. It also included incentive grants to encourage states to develop comprehensive interdisciplinary services for infants and toddlers (birth through age 2) and their families. Services include a transitional component which assisted families in moving to appropriate individualized student services. Also, transitional services were to be extended to children with identified exceptionalities who were entering kindergarten. [P.L. 99-457]

Moron

The term "moron is associated with the final category with the aforementioned terms for individuals with mental retardation. Individuals in this category had established IQs between 50 and 70. As with the other terms, adults with this label would behave similarly to children between the ages of 7 and 14. Currently, typically developing individuals who behave in an inappropriate manner as said to be one of the three terms; idiot, imbecile, and moron.

Education for All Handicapped Children Act (1975)

This Act required that states locate every child between the ages 5 and18 within their geographic boundaries. After the children, regardless of ability, have been located they must be provided a "free and appropriate public education" (FAPE). The legislation also dictates that every child identified with a disability must have an "Individualized Education Program" (IEP). The authors also provided a very loosely structured definition for "least restrictive environment" (LRE). Finally, this piece of legislation is the predecessor to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). [P.L. 94-142]

Amendments to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1966)

This congressional act created the Federal Bureau of Education for the Handicapped the predecessor of the current Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP). [P.L. 89- 750]

Amendment to Title 1 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1966)

This legislative act provides funding for state-supported special education programs in institutions and other settings for children with disabilities. [P.L. 89-313]

Mental Retardation Facility and Community Center Construction Act (1963)

This piece of legislation strengthens the National Defense Education Act by extending the support of teacher preparation programs for others groups of exceptional students. [P.L. 88-164]

National Defense Education Act (1958)

With this piece of legislation, the federal government provided funding for the training of professionals to prepare teachers who would work with children who are mentally retarded. [P. L. 85-926]

identify the practice that should occur only when all other attempts at providing access to the general education curriculum have been ineffective at meeting the needs of an individual student?

alternative curriculum

which of the following phases refers to the students ability to learn a skill under the conditions and criteria established in the original objective? a. acquisition b. fluency c. generalization d. maintenance

acquisition

Four principles of effective curriculum design are the glue that hold longitudinal curriculum together. these principles include that the curriculum be individualized and person-centered, functional or practical ecologically oriented and _______________________________.

adaptive

mithaug, wehmeyer, et al (1988) developed a model for teaching self determination skills to students and assisting them in using the skills to learn. This model teaches students to follow a three-phase sequence to enhance their learning: set a goal, take action and____________________________.

adjust goal and plan

Idiot

an outdated term that was once used to categorize individuals who were mentally retarded. The term usually was applied to individuals who had an IQ of less than 25. In more common application, it refers to an adult who would have the mental functioning capabilities / characteristics of a child who is less than three years of age.

students should develop a skill set in this area to express their preferences regarding materials and activities and to protect their rights such as control of one's money freedom from unwanted medication and freedom from abuse?

assertiveness

according to carr, mobility and transportation adaptations refer to redesigning an existing option so that a student is able to use it. When this redesign involves the use of mechanical or electronic devices, so it is often termed as _________________________ ________________________________.

assistive technology

Identify the cause/category of work accidents as represented by general carelessness, fighting, running, horseplay, inappropriate tool use and not wearing protective equipment.

behavioral causes

identify the especially negative aspect of peer relationships that consists of intentional behaviors such as taunting, name calling, threatening, hitting, and stealing that are initiated by one or more students against a victim?

bullying

identify the form of instruction is an essential tool a longitudinal curriculum for money management and financial planning for the learner with special needs. For this instruction, teachers must develop relationships with local bankers and retail managers that allow possible sites for instruction?

community based instruction

this applied behavior analysis component can be used to enhance student performance and it can be used a positive reinforce.

consequence strategies

identify the strategy of Direct Innstruction that helps students quickly grasp the content. with this strategy the teacher models the correct answer and leads the student response. by immediately receiving feedback in a systematic manner, students quickly learn from their mistakes and acquire the instructional content

correction procedure

identify the curriculum, one of the few available elementary packages , that provides an equal balance between several concepts, including career awareness, attitudes, values, and habits; human relationships, occupational information and acquisition of job and daily living skills.

curriculum: a transition curriculum grade 3 through 8

field, martin, miller, ward and wehmeyer identified a variety of curricula that can be used to teach self determination skills identify 3 of the 8 overlapping areas typically covered in self determination curricula.

decision making congruence development socialization allocation chance labor market force influenced by business factors

After reviewing the Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Development Disabilities, and Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, the percentage of articles total article on curricular research has _____________________ from 1986-1995.

decreased

The use of this assessment is particularly important in identifying activities that may be unique to particular environments. For example, removal of trash from containers will vary from one home to another, specifically due to the recycling requirements from one community to the next?

ecological inventories

This assessment procedure involves canvassing the community to identify all of the environments where activities take place. One of the best ways to complete the process is by walking and driving around the community. Identify the assessment procedure.

ecological inventories

identify the inventory that is based on the top-down approach to skill development and focuses on skills needed in the natural environment as the source of curriculum development. the inventory assesses a students strengths and weaknesses within the natural environments. information gathered from the tool can help to determine how well a student performs activities within frequently assessed environments?

ecological inventory

When conducting an ecological assessment of a student's home setting, the teacher should include a careful analysis of the family's routine, and a description of the student's home setting and gather information on how the parent interacts with the student in the context of personal care and hygeine tasks that are targeted for instruction in order to ____________________.

facilitate generalization

educational goals in the area may range from simple money management and opening banks accounts to more complex topics such as investment strategies and estate planning. this topic has been part of the special education curriculum but schools have not advanced to a more contemporary and functional approach for many areas of financial planning and economic self sufficiency.

financial planning management

with regard to program formatting, students who are taught using this technique learn the first step of the task first. Instruction is provided on the first unlearned step of the task analysis

forward chaining

Cronin and Patton have identified a ______________________-stage model of functional curriculum development which suggests that it can be developed by identifying the major adult domains and subdomains that student needs to function as an adult such as employment, education, leisure pursuits, community involvement, emotional health and personal responsibility?

four

identify the functional term for the practice that helps teachers decide what type of intervention or training to use with students who display nonfunctional and even destructive behaviors for no apparent reason?

functional assessment

Because most individuals have more than one home during their lifetime, home skills must be _____________________________. Teachers should systematically provide examples of activities throughout the years of instruction to enhance the students ability to do this skill?

generalized

wehmeyer identifies this area as the most important component of self determination ?

goal setting and attainment

On our own is a project designed to introduce these type of students ____________________________________to public transportation in New York City and to develop a set of quality assurance standards for travel training programs?

high school students with physical disabilities

According to the readiness theory, students with severe disabilities or challenging behaviors should not be induced in the general education setting. they also believe that if children exhibit problem behaviors in the classroom then they repeat the behaviors in the classroom then they repeat the behaviors in these two settings. Identify the two settings?

home and community

identify the most comprehensive, competency based curriculum that can be easily used in developing a longitudinal curriculum for money management and financial planning. with a little creativity, elementary education teaches can scale down the objectives of the curriculum prerequisite skills required for mastery of money management and financial planning?

life centered career education

Identify the grade level where teachers continue the skill building process by introducing more complex situations that involve check writing and using a variety of personal check formats that are available at local banks?

middle school

according to george w. bush, the lack of services in this area remains a primary barrier to work for people with disabilities. at present over one third of the people with disabilities report gaps in services in this area as a significant problem.

mobility and transportation

Identify the general instructional strategy for social skills that is especially useful for students who have limited receptive language abilities. with this technique, teachers demonstrate the skill or behavior, often while talking through the steps involved.

modeling

Identify the term for those areas where a student currently engages in the future. Examples include classroom settings for elementary aged students and homeroom for middle school students?

natural environments

identify this particularly effective assessment procedure that is often used with students who have severe disabilities and may not be able to respond to questionnaires or picture choices?

observation

Retardation

often identified as a slowness or limitation in intellectual understanding and awareness, emotional development, or academic progress. The term "mental retardation" is the preferred term for identifying the population group. Many from outside of the organization feel that terms such as mentally impaired, cognitively delayed, or developmentally delayed are more sensitive. When addressing the population, professionals in the field of special education should always use person first and may use the term mental retardation.

Feebleminded

often refers to individuals who lack normal mental powers and those who also lack firmness in cognitive processing. In the past many have used the term to represent the population of individuals who are mentally retarded.

Identify the level of independence that is represented by those who can live in the community with natural supports from family and friends. They may also have long term follow along support through a supported living program or personal care assistant(part time support)?

partial participation w/ support needed on all tasks

Identify the type of planning that has become increasingly popular and is frequently suggested as an approach to promoting individualized service planning. This type of planning, environments, services and supports are tailored to each students' dreams, needs and wants.

person centered planning

identify the type of skills that includes activities of daily living, dressing, grooming, hygeine, eating, mobility and other activities needed to function in everyday life, as well as to prepare for work?

personal care skills

identify the physical prompt that involves hand over hand assistance to help a student complete a specific step of a task. This prompt is most intrusive of all prompts and should only be used when necessary

physical assistance

this form of assessment continues to gain favor among educators as a means for collecting observable evidence or products of performance assessments. also uses records of a students work over time to illustrate the depth, breadth and development of the students academic abilities?

portfolio assessment

Identify the home living curriculum area that is represented by the key activities of watching television, listening to music, performing hobbies and entertaining visitors?

recreational and leisure

identify the skill taught to students so that they understand their rights. When working on this skill teachers provide training and experiences needed so that children can take control of their lives. Some examples of personal attributes include self awareness, goal setting, decision making, assertiveness, and transition support.

self determination

The incidence of sexual abuse and sexual assaults may be greatly reduced by the students knowledge of _____________________ and _____________________?

sexuality and sexual relationships

According to the text author, in order to maximize inclusion and participation in school and community settings, educators should emulate this type of grouping. Identify the type of grouping?

small heterogenous

identify the term that refers to the degree of which behavior change is socially meaningful as assessed by the reactions of others or by comparison to the performance of others. this term is ______________________ _________________________.

social validity

identify the term for general statements of what students should know or be able to do as a result of their education?

standards

with regard to personal styles, students begin making style choices during their middle school years. Identify the two primary influences of most styles that are put forth by the individual students?

styles put forth in media and friends that develop among peers

identify the piece of legislation that states that assistive technology includes "Any term piece of equipment , or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified or customized, that is used to increase, maintain or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities?

technology- related assistance for individuals with disabilities act

Victor

the wild boy who was found roaming around naked in the forests of France and was believed to have been raised by wolves because of some of his mannerism and behaviors. Historians disagree on the exact age of Victor when he was captured and brought to the hospital where Itard was working, most believe, he was 12 to 17 years of age. During his time at the institution with Itard and Seguin, it is believed that Victor did achieve some level of normalcy, but due to the period of delay was never able to obtain the level at which other individuals functioned for his chronological age.

identify the naturally occurring opportunity skill area that is represented by the following middle school skills: 1. following transportation schedules 2. following class schedules and reading television program schedules?

time management and scheduling

according to morgan, et al and gordon future job opportunities for those individuals with disabilities can be found in the fields of casinos, service crafts, technical industries and _________________________________?

tourism

identify the term that once referred to attributed to architecture and other construction design and is now being applied to the design of curriculum and instruction?

universal design

responding to natural consequences requires a student to identify potential consequences, identify and respond to natural reinforces and ______________________________________________.

use feedback to guide future behavior

In general, the selection of training tasks can be best accomplished by exploring a students support needs, attitudes and ________________________________.

vocational interest

For students with physical impairments, the issue becomes important because their ability to burn calories may be hindered by their impaired mobility?

weight gain

when the most common methods of instruction cannot be used, two factors should be considered and balanced in developing alternative methods. The first factor is speed and convenience of the method for the learner. identify the second factor.

whether method will enable student to perform task in variety of environments

Identify the skill area for middle school student which is represented by the individualized education plan objectives such as will use tools appropriately, will not fight while working and will understand the function of protective devices

work safety