ESS 3317 EXAM 1
When protein catabolism increases, fluid loss...
B. increases
In general, consumption of an unsaturated fatty acid may:
Decrease your risk of CAD by lowering levels of LDL in your blood. C. Decrease your risk of CAD by decreasing blood clot formation.
Norepinephrine _____ lipolysis.
engages
Ketone bodies _____ lipolysis.
inhibits
During pregnancy, nitrogen intake _____ nitrogen excretion.
is greater than
The enzyme required in fat breakdown is:
lipase
Compared to fats, carbohydrates have a _____ ratio of carbons to oxygens.
lower
________ FAs are typically found in plants.
mono and poly
Glucose may be referred to as: 1) a monosaccharide, 2) a disaccharide, 3) "table sugar", and/or 4) blood sugar?
monosaccharide, blood sugar
Olive oil is a common type of _____ fatty acid.
monounsaturated
Compared to carbohydrates, lipids contain _____ energy per gram.
more
When excess amino acids are consumed, the amino acids that are not required for muscle building, energy, or growth of other tissues is:
stored in adipose tissue
Compared to carbohydrate, fat takes longer to breakdown and is, thus, considered to be less readily available for cellular metabolism.
true
Which of the following carbohydrates can be used directly for energy?
glucose
The storage form of carbohydrates in the human body is:
glycogen
The release of glucagon into the blood results in:
glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis
As exercise duration increases, the proportion of fat used for fuel:
..... increases because you are depleting glycogen and glucose stores and using up mostly fats now and some protein as the exercise duration increases.
Amino acids can be converted to: 1) Other amino acids, 2, Glucose, 3) Fat
1,2,3
Nitrogen makes up what percent of the protein structure?
16
A pre-exercise meal should be eaten at least _____ hours before exercise.
2
Polyunsaturated FA include: 1) fats from red meat, 2) fats from fish, 3) palm oil, 4) corn oil, 5) fats in avocados, and 6) fats in peanuts.
2+4
Triglycerides are composed of: (1) one fatty acid, (2) three fatty acids, (3) one glycerol unit, (4) three glycerol units.
23
Protein synthesis remains elevated for up to _____ hours post-exercise.
24
Total blood cholesterol of _____ mg/dL or higher is considered high cholesterol.
240
Unsaturated FA include: 1) fats from red meat, 2) fats from fish, 3) palm oil, 4) corn oil, 5) fats in avocados, and 6) fats in peanuts.
2456
Complex carbohydrates include: 1) glucose, 2) sucrose, 3) starch, 4) fiber, and 5) glycogen.
3, 4, and 5
Fluids should be consumed about _____ hours pre-competition.
4
At rest, protein supplies no more than _____ % of the energy required. (Note. Assume normal, healthy diet.)
5
Monounsaturated FA include: 1) fats from red meat, 2) fats from fish, 3) palm oil, 4) corn oil, 5) fats in avocados, and 6) fats in peanuts.
5+6
A fructose molecule contains __________ carbon atoms.
6
A glucose molecule contains ________ carbon atoms.
6
A glucose molecule contains ________ oxygen atoms.
6
What are the recommended number of calories from carbohydrate that a pre-game meal should contain?
800 to 1200
_____ is considered to be a "usable form of energy."
A. Adenosine Triphosphate
Consumption of hydrogenated oils may:
A. increase cholesterol levels
The enzyme, glycogen phosphorylase, is "turned on" by which of the following hormones: 1) epinephrine, 2) norepinephrine, 3) glucagon, and 4) insulin.
D. 1, 2, and 3
On average, the human body stores approximately __________ kcals of fat.
D. 70,000-110,000
An increase in consumption of Omega 3-FA _____ one's risk of coronary artery disease.
decreases
An increase in consumption of some unsaturated FA _____ the risk of coronary artery disease.
decreases
As exercise intensity increases, the proportion of fat used for fuel:
decreases
When a person consumes a diet high in fat and protein but low in carbohydrates, the production of glycogen synthase:
decreases
During 45 minutes of exercise, a person will burn more total fat at lower intensity exercise than at higher intesnity exercise.
false
Mary trains at the same time each day for two hours everyday of the week. Since Mary goes home and eats a well-balanced diet (55% CHO, 20% fats, and 15% proteins), then her muscle glycogen stores are expected to return to normal within 24 hours (i.e., by practice time the next day).
false
The chemical energy stored within carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can be used directly for fuel.
false
After two hours of exercise, when blood glucose levels are low, which of the following become the primary source of fuel:
fat
Towards the end of a long duration race (lasting longer than 2 hours), what is the primary source of fuel?
fat
During light intesnity exercise, a person relies primarily on:
fats
Ketosis results from the incomplete breakdown of:
fats
Glycogen is what type of saccharide?
poly
_____ are solid at room temperature.
saturated
In plants, carbohydrate is stored as:
starch
Fatty Acids are found in: (1) adipose tissue, (2) blood cholesterol, and (3) skeletal muscle.
123
For adults, a complete protein contains an optimal balance of how many amino acids?
9 essential
More than _________ percent of fat contained within the body is stored in adipose tissue.
90
A person is at a reduced risk for heart disease with an LDL of...
A person is at a reduced risk for heart disease with an LDL of...
The storage form of carbohydrates in plants is:
A. starch
After 2 hours of high intensity, continuous aerobic exercise, glycogen stores are expected to be:
completely empty
For Adults, there are _____ nonessential amino acids.
11
Disaccharides contain how many carbon atoms?
12
An amino acid is made up of which of the following atoms: 1) Carbon, 2) Hydrogen, 3) Nitrogen, 4) Oxygen
1234
Lipids are composed of: 1) carbons, 2) hydrogens, 3) nitrogen, and 4) oxygen molecules.
124
According to the newer, modified version of glycogen loading: for 3 days following a 1 and a half hour run at 75% of VO2max, an athlete should consume which of the following diets:
B. A mixed diet: 50% carbohydrates, 30% fat, 20% protein
What is the fate of dietary fats, dietary triglycerides, and bad forms of cholesterol once they are picked up in the blood and returned to the liver via good cholesterol?
B. They are converted to bile and used for the digestion of fat.
A person is at increased risk of coronary artery disease if his/her LDL is:
C. 160 mg/dl or higher
A person is at a reduced risk for heart disease with an HDL of...
C. 60 mg/dL or higher
According to the newer, modified version of glycogen loading: for 3 days prior to competition, an athlete should consume a diet:
C. High in carbohydrates and low in fats and proteins.
An increase in water insoluble fiber should _____ the aborption rate of glucose.
C. Neither. Water insoluble fiber does not impact the absorption rate of glucose.
According to the classic method of glycogen loading, for 3 days prior to competition, an athlete should consume a diet:
C. high in carbohydrates and low in fats and proteins.
Most of our glucose is stored in the:
C. muscle
Oxaloacetate is primarily derived from what fuel(s)?
Carbohydrates
Amino acids are converted to glucose: 1) when glycogen stores are depleted; 2) during a low carbohydrate diet; 3) during an extended period of starvation; 4) during long duration, high intensity exercise; and/or 5) at all times.
D. 1, 2, 3, and 4
_____ refers to the making of glucose.
Gluconeogenesis
_____ refers to the conversion of glucose to glycogen.
Glycogenesis
When blood glucose levels drop (due to either long duration exercise or a strict diet), which of the following processes occurs?
Glycogenolysis C. Gluconeogenesis
_____ picks up fats, such as cholesterol and triglycerides, in the blood stream and carries them to the liver.
HDL
During long duration exercise, performed at a high intensity, what type of carbohydrate should be consumed?
HGL
Glycogen is found in:
animals
The type of cholesterol that contains the least amount of protein is:
chylomicron
_____ carries fat from small intestine to the liver via the lymphatic system.
chylomicrons
Sucrose may be referred to as:
disaccharide and table sugar
High Intensity, Long Duration exercise can benefit from consumption of ______ carbohydrates
high glycemic
During an exhaustive bout of exercise, production of glycogen synthase:
increases
Which of the following depends exclusively on carbohydrate for its source of energy?
red blood cells