ESS 3317 EXAM 1

When protein catabolism increases, fluid loss...

B. increases

In general, consumption of an unsaturated fatty acid may:

Decrease your risk of CAD by lowering levels of LDL in your blood. C. Decrease your risk of CAD by decreasing blood clot formation.

Norepinephrine _____ lipolysis.

engages

Ketone bodies _____ lipolysis.

inhibits

During pregnancy, nitrogen intake _____ nitrogen excretion.

is greater than

The enzyme required in fat breakdown is:

lipase

Compared to fats, carbohydrates have a _____ ratio of carbons to oxygens.

lower

________ FAs are typically found in plants.

mono and poly

Glucose may be referred to as: 1) a monosaccharide, 2) a disaccharide, 3) "table sugar", and/or 4) blood sugar?

monosaccharide, blood sugar

Olive oil is a common type of _____ fatty acid.

monounsaturated

Compared to carbohydrates, lipids contain _____ energy per gram.

more

When excess amino acids are consumed, the amino acids that are not required for muscle building, energy, or growth of other tissues is:

stored in adipose tissue

Compared to carbohydrate, fat takes longer to breakdown and is, thus, considered to be less readily available for cellular metabolism.

true

Which of the following carbohydrates can be used directly for energy?

glucose

The storage form of carbohydrates in the human body is:

glycogen

The release of glucagon into the blood results in:

glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis

As exercise duration increases, the proportion of fat used for fuel:

..... increases because you are depleting glycogen and glucose stores and using up mostly fats now and some protein as the exercise duration increases.

Amino acids can be converted to: 1) Other amino acids, 2, Glucose, 3) Fat

1,2,3

Nitrogen makes up what percent of the protein structure?

16

A pre-exercise meal should be eaten at least _____ hours before exercise.

2

Polyunsaturated FA include: 1) fats from red meat, 2) fats from fish, 3) palm oil, 4) corn oil, 5) fats in avocados, and 6) fats in peanuts.

2+4

Triglycerides are composed of: (1) one fatty acid, (2) three fatty acids, (3) one glycerol unit, (4) three glycerol units.

23

Protein synthesis remains elevated for up to _____ hours post-exercise.

24

Total blood cholesterol of _____ mg/dL or higher is considered high cholesterol.

240

Unsaturated FA include: 1) fats from red meat, 2) fats from fish, 3) palm oil, 4) corn oil, 5) fats in avocados, and 6) fats in peanuts.

2456

Complex carbohydrates include: 1) glucose, 2) sucrose, 3) starch, 4) fiber, and 5) glycogen.

3, 4, and 5

Fluids should be consumed about _____ hours pre-competition.

4

At rest, protein supplies no more than _____ % of the energy required. (Note. Assume normal, healthy diet.)

5

Monounsaturated FA include: 1) fats from red meat, 2) fats from fish, 3) palm oil, 4) corn oil, 5) fats in avocados, and 6) fats in peanuts.

5+6

A fructose molecule contains __________ carbon atoms.

6

A glucose molecule contains ________ carbon atoms.

6

A glucose molecule contains ________ oxygen atoms.

6

What are the recommended number of calories from carbohydrate that a pre-game meal should contain?

800 to 1200

_____ is considered to be a "usable form of energy."

A. Adenosine Triphosphate

Consumption of hydrogenated oils may:

A. increase cholesterol levels

The enzyme, glycogen phosphorylase, is "turned on" by which of the following hormones: 1) epinephrine, 2) norepinephrine, 3) glucagon, and 4) insulin.

D. 1, 2, and 3

On average, the human body stores approximately __________ kcals of fat.

D. 70,000-110,000

An increase in consumption of Omega 3-FA _____ one's risk of coronary artery disease.

decreases

An increase in consumption of some unsaturated FA _____ the risk of coronary artery disease.

decreases

As exercise intensity increases, the proportion of fat used for fuel:

decreases

When a person consumes a diet high in fat and protein but low in carbohydrates, the production of glycogen synthase:

decreases

During 45 minutes of exercise, a person will burn more total fat at lower intensity exercise than at higher intesnity exercise.

false

Mary trains at the same time each day for two hours everyday of the week. Since Mary goes home and eats a well-balanced diet (55% CHO, 20% fats, and 15% proteins), then her muscle glycogen stores are expected to return to normal within 24 hours (i.e., by practice time the next day).

false

The chemical energy stored within carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can be used directly for fuel.

false

After two hours of exercise, when blood glucose levels are low, which of the following become the primary source of fuel:

fat

Towards the end of a long duration race (lasting longer than 2 hours), what is the primary source of fuel?

fat

During light intesnity exercise, a person relies primarily on:

fats

Ketosis results from the incomplete breakdown of:

fats

Glycogen is what type of saccharide?

poly

_____ are solid at room temperature.

saturated

In plants, carbohydrate is stored as:

starch

Fatty Acids are found in: (1) adipose tissue, (2) blood cholesterol, and (3) skeletal muscle.

123

For adults, a complete protein contains an optimal balance of how many amino acids?

9 essential

More than _________ percent of fat contained within the body is stored in adipose tissue.

90

A person is at a reduced risk for heart disease with an LDL of...

A person is at a reduced risk for heart disease with an LDL of...

The storage form of carbohydrates in plants is:

A. starch

After 2 hours of high intensity, continuous aerobic exercise, glycogen stores are expected to be:

completely empty

For Adults, there are _____ nonessential amino acids.

11

Disaccharides contain how many carbon atoms?

12

An amino acid is made up of which of the following atoms: 1) Carbon, 2) Hydrogen, 3) Nitrogen, 4) Oxygen

1234

Lipids are composed of: 1) carbons, 2) hydrogens, 3) nitrogen, and 4) oxygen molecules.

124

According to the newer, modified version of glycogen loading: for 3 days following a 1 and a half hour run at 75% of VO2max, an athlete should consume which of the following diets:

B. A mixed diet: 50% carbohydrates, 30% fat, 20% protein

What is the fate of dietary fats, dietary triglycerides, and bad forms of cholesterol once they are picked up in the blood and returned to the liver via good cholesterol?

B. They are converted to bile and used for the digestion of fat.

A person is at increased risk of coronary artery disease if his/her LDL is:

C. 160 mg/dl or higher

A person is at a reduced risk for heart disease with an HDL of...

C. 60 mg/dL or higher

According to the newer, modified version of glycogen loading: for 3 days prior to competition, an athlete should consume a diet:

C. High in carbohydrates and low in fats and proteins.

An increase in water insoluble fiber should _____ the aborption rate of glucose.

C. Neither. Water insoluble fiber does not impact the absorption rate of glucose.

According to the classic method of glycogen loading, for 3 days prior to competition, an athlete should consume a diet:

C. high in carbohydrates and low in fats and proteins.

Most of our glucose is stored in the:

C. muscle

Oxaloacetate is primarily derived from what fuel(s)?

Carbohydrates

Amino acids are converted to glucose: 1) when glycogen stores are depleted; 2) during a low carbohydrate diet; 3) during an extended period of starvation; 4) during long duration, high intensity exercise; and/or 5) at all times.

D. 1, 2, 3, and 4

_____ refers to the making of glucose.

Gluconeogenesis

_____ refers to the conversion of glucose to glycogen.

Glycogenesis

When blood glucose levels drop (due to either long duration exercise or a strict diet), which of the following processes occurs?

Glycogenolysis C. Gluconeogenesis

_____ picks up fats, such as cholesterol and triglycerides, in the blood stream and carries them to the liver.

HDL

During long duration exercise, performed at a high intensity, what type of carbohydrate should be consumed?

HGL

Glycogen is found in:

animals

The type of cholesterol that contains the least amount of protein is:

chylomicron

_____ carries fat from small intestine to the liver via the lymphatic system.

chylomicrons

Sucrose may be referred to as:

disaccharide and table sugar

High Intensity, Long Duration exercise can benefit from consumption of ______ carbohydrates

high glycemic

During an exhaustive bout of exercise, production of glycogen synthase:

increases

Which of the following depends exclusively on carbohydrate for its source of energy?

red blood cells