Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology(11) Activity Lab 4

There are three types of skin cancers. Which one(s) are derived from epithelial cells of the epidermis? both types of carcinoma (basal cell and squamous cell) squamous cell carcinoma melanoma basal cell carcinoma

both types of carcinoma (basal cell and squamous cell)

Under which of the following conditions would a decubitus ulcer form? prolonged exposure to UV light third-degree burns prolonged bed rest after a severe back injury exposure to the herpes simplex virus

prolonged bed rest after a severe back injury

Which organic compound is produced by skin cells? sweat vitamin D urea carotene

vitamin D

Because fair-skinned George suffers from frequent sunburns and he has tested positive for the herpes simplex virus, he is at a high risk for having an outbreak of herpes simplex. In spite of the high risk, George does not have herpes simplex outbreaks. George is protected by very active __________. melanocytes keratinocytes Merkel cells epidermal dendritic cells

epidermal dendritic cells

If a person has third-degree burns on both anterior and posterior surfaces of the lower limbs, what percentage of the body surface area is burned? 4.5 percent 9 percent 18 percent 36 percent

36 percent

Which structures are located in the epidermis? hair follicles Merkel cells or discs sweat glands sebaceous glands

Merkel cells or discs

Which of the following conditions is most likely to result in permanent hair loss? a family history of baldness excessive vitamin A ingestion chemotherapy ringworm

a family history of baldness

Which type of skin cancer is the least malignant but most common? basal cell carcinoma impetigo malignant melanoma squamous cell carcinoma

basal cell carcinoma

What pigment found in skin originates from outside the body? melanin carotene jaundice hemoglobin

carotene

What causes hair to stand up and the skin to dimple when one is cold or frightened? apocrine sweat glands hair follicles contraction of arrector pili muscles sebaceous glands

contraction of arrector pili muscles

Mountain climbers frequently experience a bluing of the skin at elevations above 2,500 meters. This bluing of the skin is known as __________. cyanosis erythema jaundice blanching

cyanosis

What condition occurs when hemoglobin is deprived of oxygen? erythema pallor cyanosis jaundice

cyanosis

Which glands play a role in thermoregulation? hair follicles eccrine glands sebaceous glands apocrine glands

eccrine glands

What is the function of epidermal dendritic cells? ingest foreign substances and activate the immune system absorb ultraviolet radiation stimulate the sensory nerve endings associated with touch receptors produce keratin

ingest foreign substances and activate the immune system

Which effect of aging is accelerated by smoking and sun exposure? loss of skin elasticity loss of subcutaneous tissue decreasing oil production thinning of the skin

loss of skin elasticity

Which type of skin cancer the least common but is the cause of most skin-cancer-related deaths? basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma melanoma impetigo

melanoma

What type of membrane is composed of epithelium resting on the lamina propria, a loose connective tissue membrane? synovial membrane cutaneous membrane serous membrane mucous membrane

mucous membrane

Which cavity would be lined with a mucous membrane? joint cavity abdominal cavity thoracic cavity oral cavity

oral cavity

What is the function of the keratin found within skin cells? produces of vitamin D sensory perception prevents water loss absorbs ultraviolet radiation

prevents water loss

Acne is an infection of the __________ glands. eccrine apocrine sebaceous exocrine

sebaceous

What prevents skin from becoming brittle? hairs on the skin surface sweat produced by eccrine glands sebum sweat produced by apocrine glands

sebum

In attempting to extinguish a stove fire, Renaldo burned his hands. The burned areas blistered and were red and painful. Renaldo experienced __________-degree burns. first second third fourth

second

What type of burn does a patient have if blisters are present and the affected area is painful? first degree second degree third degree full thickness

second degree

What type of membrane lines the compartments of the ventral body cavity and produces a lubricant that allows organs to move against neighboring organs without friction? synovial membrane serous membrane mucous membrane cutaneous membrane

serous membrane

What type of membrane provides lubrication to the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities? synovial membrane cutaneous membrane mucous membrane serous membrane

serous membrane

What type of tissue makes up the epidermis of the skin? stratified squamous epithelium dense connective tissue simple squamous epithelium adipose tissue

stratified squamous epithelium

Which layer of the epidermis contains the greatest concentration of keratin? stratum corneum stratum granulosum stratum basale stratum spinosum

stratum corneum

What epidermal layer consists of multiple layers of living keratinocytes and scattered dendritic cells? stratum corneum stratum basale stratum lucidum stratum spinosum

stratum spinosum

Which membrane is composed of areolar connective tissue and NOT an epithelial tissue? serous membrane mucous membrane cutaneous membrane synovial membrane

synovial membrane

What type of burn damages the skin so severely that regeneration of the damaged tissue is NOT possible? first-degree burn second-degree burn third-degree burn an erythema

third-degree burn

How is the rule of nines used by a clinician? to identify whether a burn is first-, second-, or third-degree to determine whether the patient can survive the burns to diagnose the type of skin cancer to estimate fluid lost by the body by determining the extent of burns

to estimate fluid lost by the body by determining the extent of burns

Which of these statements describes the papillary layer of the skin? Dermal papillae contain capillary loops to nourish the epidermis. Melanocytes in this layer provide protection from UV radiation. This deep layer of the dermis is made of irregularly arranged connective tissue fibers. This layer contains dendritic cells and Merkel cells.

Dermal papillae contain capillary loops to nourish the epidermis.