Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology(11) Activity Lab 4
There are three types of skin cancers. Which one(s) are derived from epithelial cells of the epidermis? both types of carcinoma (basal cell and squamous cell) squamous cell carcinoma melanoma basal cell carcinoma
both types of carcinoma (basal cell and squamous cell)
Under which of the following conditions would a decubitus ulcer form? prolonged exposure to UV light third-degree burns prolonged bed rest after a severe back injury exposure to the herpes simplex virus
prolonged bed rest after a severe back injury
Which organic compound is produced by skin cells? sweat vitamin D urea carotene
vitamin D
Because fair-skinned George suffers from frequent sunburns and he has tested positive for the herpes simplex virus, he is at a high risk for having an outbreak of herpes simplex. In spite of the high risk, George does not have herpes simplex outbreaks. George is protected by very active __________. melanocytes keratinocytes Merkel cells epidermal dendritic cells
epidermal dendritic cells
If a person has third-degree burns on both anterior and posterior surfaces of the lower limbs, what percentage of the body surface area is burned? 4.5 percent 9 percent 18 percent 36 percent
36 percent
Which structures are located in the epidermis? hair follicles Merkel cells or discs sweat glands sebaceous glands
Merkel cells or discs
Which of the following conditions is most likely to result in permanent hair loss? a family history of baldness excessive vitamin A ingestion chemotherapy ringworm
a family history of baldness
Which type of skin cancer is the least malignant but most common? basal cell carcinoma impetigo malignant melanoma squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
What pigment found in skin originates from outside the body? melanin carotene jaundice hemoglobin
carotene
What causes hair to stand up and the skin to dimple when one is cold or frightened? apocrine sweat glands hair follicles contraction of arrector pili muscles sebaceous glands
contraction of arrector pili muscles
Mountain climbers frequently experience a bluing of the skin at elevations above 2,500 meters. This bluing of the skin is known as __________. cyanosis erythema jaundice blanching
cyanosis
What condition occurs when hemoglobin is deprived of oxygen? erythema pallor cyanosis jaundice
cyanosis
Which glands play a role in thermoregulation? hair follicles eccrine glands sebaceous glands apocrine glands
eccrine glands
What is the function of epidermal dendritic cells? ingest foreign substances and activate the immune system absorb ultraviolet radiation stimulate the sensory nerve endings associated with touch receptors produce keratin
ingest foreign substances and activate the immune system
Which effect of aging is accelerated by smoking and sun exposure? loss of skin elasticity loss of subcutaneous tissue decreasing oil production thinning of the skin
loss of skin elasticity
Which type of skin cancer the least common but is the cause of most skin-cancer-related deaths? basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma melanoma impetigo
melanoma
What type of membrane is composed of epithelium resting on the lamina propria, a loose connective tissue membrane? synovial membrane cutaneous membrane serous membrane mucous membrane
mucous membrane
Which cavity would be lined with a mucous membrane? joint cavity abdominal cavity thoracic cavity oral cavity
oral cavity
What is the function of the keratin found within skin cells? produces of vitamin D sensory perception prevents water loss absorbs ultraviolet radiation
prevents water loss
Acne is an infection of the __________ glands. eccrine apocrine sebaceous exocrine
sebaceous
What prevents skin from becoming brittle? hairs on the skin surface sweat produced by eccrine glands sebum sweat produced by apocrine glands
sebum
In attempting to extinguish a stove fire, Renaldo burned his hands. The burned areas blistered and were red and painful. Renaldo experienced __________-degree burns. first second third fourth
second
What type of burn does a patient have if blisters are present and the affected area is painful? first degree second degree third degree full thickness
second degree
What type of membrane lines the compartments of the ventral body cavity and produces a lubricant that allows organs to move against neighboring organs without friction? synovial membrane serous membrane mucous membrane cutaneous membrane
serous membrane
What type of membrane provides lubrication to the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities? synovial membrane cutaneous membrane mucous membrane serous membrane
serous membrane
What type of tissue makes up the epidermis of the skin? stratified squamous epithelium dense connective tissue simple squamous epithelium adipose tissue
stratified squamous epithelium
Which layer of the epidermis contains the greatest concentration of keratin? stratum corneum stratum granulosum stratum basale stratum spinosum
stratum corneum
What epidermal layer consists of multiple layers of living keratinocytes and scattered dendritic cells? stratum corneum stratum basale stratum lucidum stratum spinosum
stratum spinosum
Which membrane is composed of areolar connective tissue and NOT an epithelial tissue? serous membrane mucous membrane cutaneous membrane synovial membrane
synovial membrane
What type of burn damages the skin so severely that regeneration of the damaged tissue is NOT possible? first-degree burn second-degree burn third-degree burn an erythema
third-degree burn
How is the rule of nines used by a clinician? to identify whether a burn is first-, second-, or third-degree to determine whether the patient can survive the burns to diagnose the type of skin cancer to estimate fluid lost by the body by determining the extent of burns
to estimate fluid lost by the body by determining the extent of burns
Which of these statements describes the papillary layer of the skin? Dermal papillae contain capillary loops to nourish the epidermis. Melanocytes in this layer provide protection from UV radiation. This deep layer of the dermis is made of irregularly arranged connective tissue fibers. This layer contains dendritic cells and Merkel cells.
Dermal papillae contain capillary loops to nourish the epidermis.