Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells

State differences between plant and animal cells.

1) Animal cells: plasma membrane, no cell wall. Plant cells: both. 2) Animal cells:: no chloroplasts. 3).Animal cells: store glycogen as carb resource, plants store starch 4) Animal cells lack large/ any vacuoles 5) Due to lack of cell wall, animals can change shape- usually rounded.

Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

1) Prokaryotic cells have naked DNA, found in cytoplasm in region named nucleoid. Eukaryotes have chromosomes made up of DNA and protein, found in nucleus enclosed in nuclear envelope. 2) Prokaryotes do not have mitochondria, eukaryotes do. 3)Prokaryotes have small ribosomes (70S), eukaryotes have large ribosomes (80S). 4) Prokaryotes have no/few membrane bound organelles, eukaryotes have many e.g. golgi, er....

How do prokaryotic cells divide?

By binary fission, a method of asexual reproduction that involves the splitting of the parent organism into two seperate organisms..

Define: Nucleus

Contains chromosomes and therefore hereditary material. Is responsible for controlling the cell.

Define: Lysosome

Contains many digestive enzymes to hydrolyze macromolecules such as proteins and lipids into their monomers.

Define: cytoplasm

Contains many enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions of metabolism and also contains DNA in region called nucleoid. All actions take place in here. place of ribosomes.

Define: ribosomes

Either found free in cytoplasm or on rough er and in mitochondria & chloroplast. Site of protein synthesis as translate messenger RNA to produce proteins.

Define: pili

Help bacteria adhere to each other for exchange of genetic material

Define: Flagella/flagellum

Made of protein called flagellin, helps bacteria move around by use of motor protein that spins flagellum like propeller.

Outline two roles of extracellular components.

Plant cell wall: gives cell a lot of strength and prevents from bursting (high pressure) as it is ade up of cellulose arranged in groups called microfibrils. Gives shape, prevents excessive water, reason plant can hold up against gravity. Animal cell: Contains glycoproteins in the extracellular matrix, which is involved in the support, movement, and adhesion of the cell.

Define cell wall

Protects the cell from outside environment and maintains its shape. Also prevents from bursting if rise of internal pressure.

Define: golgi apparatus

Recieves proteins from rough endoplasmic reticulum and may modify them. Also packages proteins before protein is sent to its final destination, either intracellular or extracellular.

Define: nukleoid

Region that contains naked DNA, which stores the hereditary material/genetic information that controls cell and will be passed on to daughter cells.

Define: mitochondrion

Responsible for aerobic respiration. Converts chemical energy into ATP using oxygen.

Define: Plasma membrane

Semi-permeable membrane, controls substances that move in and out of cell (active/ passive). Has integral and peripheral proteins.

Define: Ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis. Contribute to protein synthesis by translating messenger RNA.

Define: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Synthesizes proteins to be excreted from cell.

What is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

The prokaryotic cell contains membrane bound complex internal organization, such as nucleus etc.