Europe's Renaissance

What does "Renaissance" mean in French?

"rebirth"

Florence is often called ...

"the cradle of the Renaissance"

How were Renaissance artists similar to classical artists?

-Like classical artists, Renaissance painters and sculptors depicted objects that were not always religious. -They tried to show people as lifelike and engaged in everyday activities -They also tried to capture the way things look in the real world.

Due to the growth of trade and commerce, some merchants and bankers ...... , and because of this, they could ........

-grew very rich -afford to make their cities more beautiful

Boards were supposed to change members often. However, .....

...wealthy families often gained long-term control. As a result, some city-states were ruled by a single family, like the fabulously rich Medicis in Florence.

Writers produced works of ______ and ______.

1) history 2) studies of politics

What are two things poets wrote about?

1) religious subjects 2) everyday experiences such as love

As a result of the new kind of economy during the Renaissance, what people became more important in society?

1.) Craftspeople 2.) Merchants 3.) Bankers (Craftspeople produced goods that merchants traded all over Europe. Bankers exchanged currency, loaned money to merchants and rulers, and financed their own businesses.)

What famous people were born/lived in Florence?

1.) DANGE ALIGHERI (great poet) - was born there 2.) MICHELANGELO (famed painter and sculptor) - grew up there 3.) LEONARDO DA VINCI (brilliant thinker and artist) - grew up there

What factors contributed to the Renaissance?

1.) THE GROWTH OF TRADE AND COMMERCE - The growth of trade and commerce created prosperous cities and classes of people with the wealth to support education and the arts. 2.) THE INFLUENCE OF ITALIAN CITY-STATES - Italian city-states helped spread Renaissance ideas. 3.) THE GROWTH OF HUMANISM - The new philosophy of humanism spurred interest in learning and fresh ways of thinking.

Scholars from all over Europe traveled to Italy to learn about the new ideas inspired by classical culture. They studied such subjects as ______, ______, ______, and ______, and read ______ and ______.

1.) art 2.) architecture 3.) government 4.) language 1.) classical history 2.) poetry

The Italian city-states all did what three things?

1.) conducted their own trade 2.) collected their own taxes 3.) made their own laws

1.) What did trade bring into Europe? 2.) What did this bustling economy create?

1.) new ideas as well as goods 2.) prosperous cities and new classes of people who had the wealth to support art and learning

The Renaissance lasted from the ____s to the early ____s.

1300s to the early 1600s

The classical period lasted from about _____ to _____.

500 B.C.E. to 500 C.E.

The medieval period lasted from about ______ to ______.

500 to 1300 C.E.

What does classical mean?

Classical refers to the cultures of ancient Greek and Rome.

What was the economy like during the Middle Ages? What was it like during the Renaissance?

During the Middle Ages, people bartered, or traded goods for other goods. During the Renaissance, people began using coins to buy goods, creating a money economy.

True or False: Most of the classical art was religious, showing Jesus, saints, people from the Bible, and so on.

False

During Renaissance times, ______ was the banking center of Europe.

Florence

How did the influence of classical ideals change ideas about government?

Humanists separated the state and its right to rule from the church. In doing so, they helped lay the foundation for modern thinking about politics and government.

How did humanist ideas affect people's thinking about social standing?

In feudal times, people were born into a certain status in society. If someone was born a peasant, he or she would always have less status than a noble. Renaissance thinkers prized individual achievement more than a person's class or family. This emphasis on individualism was an enormous shift from medieval thinking.

What made Florence so special? Name one answer.

Its location (located on Arno River, made it an important center for trade and commerce)

What building was the headquarters of the city government of Florence?

Palazzo Vecchio (Old Palace)

How did the work produced by Florentines inspire more creative activity over time?

People learned from one another, and they sometimes competed to produce even greater work. Florentines were also influenced by ideas from other places. The city drew travelers from many parts of the world. Some came to do business. Some came to study art with Florence's master artists. Others came to learn at the city's schools and libraries. These visitors brought new ideas, goods, and technologies that enlivened the city.

When and where did the Renaissance begin? When did it spread?

The Renaissance began in Italy in the mid 1300s and spread to other parts of Europe in the 1400s and 1500s.

Why was there able to be an intense cultural activity in Florence?

The banking and wool trades created wealth that supported it. The city and its rich residents could afford to be patrons of talented artists and thinkers.

How did the humanists' new ideas sometimes bring them into conflict with the Catholic Church?

The church taught that laws were made by God and that those who broke them were sinful. It encouraged people to follow its teachings without question in order to save their souls. For the church, life after death was more important than life on Earth. In contrasts, humanists believed that people should use their minds to question everything. Most tried to balance religious faith and its emphasis on the afterlife with an active interest in daily life. Some directly challenged teachings that were dear to the church. An Italian humanist, Giordano Bruno, paid for his ideas by being burned at the stake.

Where was the center of Europe's Renaissance?

The city of Florence, Italy

What made the Italian city-states wealthy?

Trade

True or False: Most of the medieval art was religious, showing Jesus, saints, people from the Bible, and so on.

True

How did patrons help to grow prosperous Renaissance cities into flourishing educational and cultural centers?

Wealthy patrons... -commissioned (ordered and payed for) new buildings and art -helped to found universities

What kinds of questions did scholars who traveled to Italy ask?

What did classical artists find most beautiful about the human body? How did the Romans construct their buildings?

What is a republic?

a form of government in which people elect representatives to rule in their name

What is a patron?

a person who supports the arts or other activities by supplying money for them

What does Renaissance art reflect?

a rebirth of interest in the classical world

Renaissance Florence was dominated by ...

a single family, the Medicis

What is a city-state?

an independent state consisting of a city and its surrounding territory

What are humanities?

areas of study that focus on human life and culture, such as history, literature, and ethics

The city-states' wealth encouraged a boom in ______ and ______.

art and learning

What did the classical artists value?

balance and harmony

How did the Medicis acquire their wealth?

banking (Florence's major industry)

How did the Roman Catholic Church help keep knowledge of ancient times alive?

by copying documents that survived from the classical period

Were Renaissance artists inspired more by classical art or medieval art?

classical art

Because of the growth of trade and commerce, prosperous Renaissance cities grew into ....

flourishing educational and cultural centers

During the Renaissance, who often ruled Italian city-states?

groups of guild members (called boards)

Humanists and students of medicine closely studied _______.

human anatomy

The interest in learning during the Renaissance was spurred by ______.

humanism

In universities, scholars began to teach methods of ________ and ________.

observation and experimentation

Where is Florence located?

on the Arno River, just north of the center of Italy

In the Late Middle Ages, most of western Europe was made up of fiefs ruled by nobles. Above the nobles were monarchs. In Italy, however, growing towns demanded ______ and developed into _______.

self-rule independent city-states

Renaissance scientists proposed new ideas about ______ and ______.

stars and planets

Humanists believed that all people had ...

the ability to control their own lives and achieve greatness

Definition of perspective

the appearance of distance or depth on a flat surface, as in a painting

What was the center of religious life in Florence?

the duomo, or cathedral, of Santa Maria del Fiore

In their studies of classical culture, humanists discovered a new way looking at life. They began to create a philosophy based on ....

the importance and dignity of each individual

In theory, who did the power in republics belong to?

the people

The Renaissance began in northern and central Italy. What is one main reason why it began there?

the prosperity of Italian city-states

The Renaissance began with...

the rediscovery of the classical world of ancient Greece and Rome

Humanism first arose in Italy as a result of .....

the renewed interest in classical culture.

From the city-states of Italy, Renaissance ideas spread to where?

the rest of Europe

What did humanists believe in?

the worth and potential of all individuals

What was the purpose of much of the art created by the classical artists of Greece and Rome?

to show the importance of people and leaders, as well as gods and goddesses

What was the aim of much Renaissance art?

to show the importance of people and nature, not just religion

What was the purpose of much medieval art?

to teach religion to people who could not read or write