MGT 291 Chapter 6
What term refers to drawing a general impression about something or someone based on a single (typically good) characteristic?
the halo effect
People tend to ________ evidence that confirms their stereotypes and to ________ or explain away any disconfirming evidence.
welcome, ignore
What term refers to an organized pattern of thoughts or behaviors that helps us to quickly interpret and process information?
Schema
Stereotypes based on ________ are the cause of discrimination both in the workplace and in society.
age, gender, race
What term refers to the social and emotional atmosphere leaders create?
climate
What term refers to selectively interpreting what we see based on our interests, expectations, experience, and attitudes?
selective perception
What term refers to the process through which we use available information to form impressions of others?
social perception
What term refers to a dysfunctional schema that is essentially an oversimplified schema for a group of people?
stereotype
When we expect__________ we might try harder and persist longer, which leads to greater success.
good luck
Research has found that impressions are formed in the first ________ of meeting someone.
30 seconds
Our tendency to put things into groups is called
Categorization
How people explain the causes of their own as well as other people's behaviors and achievements is called ___________.
attribution
Perceptions are ____________ to change once they are formed.
difficult
When we use categorization, we ______ the similarities within and the differences between the groups
exaggerate
Luck, lack of resources, and other people are examples of which of the following?
external factors
Once we categorize someone as a high performer, we focus more on (and better remember) information related to her ___________ and disregard more of the information reflecting her
high performance, low performance
What term refers to our assumptions about how personality traits are related?
implicit personality theories
What term refers to the number and type of assignments employees are given based on expectations?
input
Effort and ability are examples of which of the following?
internal factors
Managers praise employees perceived as poor performers _____ often, which reinforces the impression that _____ is expected from them and weakens their confidence
less, less
One of the first experiments on the self-fulfilling prophecy effect in work settings was conducted in a job training program for disadvantaged employees. Trainees labeled "high aptitude" (though randomly selected) were rated _______ by their supervisors and peers, and had _______ dropout rates than the trainees who were not
lower, higher
What term refers to an employees' opportunities to express their opinions, speak at meetings, and contribute to solving problems?
output
Schemas allow us to make sense of a _________ quickly based on limited information.
person, place, situation
If a hiring manager is interviewing someone who reminds him of himself when he was just starting out, he may assume that the candidate also shares his values, work ethic, and abilities. This is an example of what phenomenon
projection
What term refers to attributing our own characteristics to other people?
projection
Selective perception ___________ stereotypes as the perceiver focuses on information and behaviors that confirm rather than negate the assigned stereotype.
reinforces
What term refers to forming oversimplified beliefs about an individual or a group based on the idea that everyone in that particular group will behave the same way?
stereotyping
After encountering an exceptionally good cashier, we might see an average cashier and evaluate him as below average. This is an example of which of the following?
the contrast effect
What term refers to evaluating a person's characteristics through comparisons with other people we have recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics?
the contrast effect
People tend to associate beauty with other positive characteristics. This phenomenon is an example of which of the following?
the halo effect