MGT 291 Chapter 6

What term refers to drawing a general impression about something or someone based on a single (typically good) characteristic?

the halo effect

People tend to ________ evidence that confirms their stereotypes and to ________ or explain away any disconfirming evidence.

welcome, ignore

What term refers to an organized pattern of thoughts or behaviors that helps us to quickly interpret and process information?

Schema

Stereotypes based on ________ are the cause of discrimination both in the workplace and in society.

age, gender, race

What term refers to the social and emotional atmosphere leaders create?

climate

What term refers to selectively interpreting what we see based on our interests, expectations, experience, and attitudes?

selective perception

What term refers to the process through which we use available information to form impressions of others?

social perception

What term refers to a dysfunctional schema that is essentially an oversimplified schema for a group of people?

stereotype

When we expect__________ we might try harder and persist longer, which leads to greater success.

good luck

Research has found that impressions are formed in the first ________ of meeting someone.

30 seconds

Our tendency to put things into groups is called

Categorization

How people explain the causes of their own as well as other people's behaviors and achievements is called ___________.

attribution

Perceptions are ____________ to change once they are formed.

difficult

When we use categorization, we ______ the similarities within and the differences between the groups

exaggerate

Luck, lack of resources, and other people are examples of which of the following?

external factors

Once we categorize someone as a high performer, we focus more on (and better remember) information related to her ___________ and disregard more of the information reflecting her

high performance, low performance

What term refers to our assumptions about how personality traits are related?

implicit personality theories

What term refers to the number and type of assignments employees are given based on expectations?

input

Effort and ability are examples of which of the following?

internal factors

Managers praise employees perceived as poor performers _____ often, which reinforces the impression that _____ is expected from them and weakens their confidence

less, less

One of the first experiments on the self-fulfilling prophecy effect in work settings was conducted in a job training program for disadvantaged employees. Trainees labeled "high aptitude" (though randomly selected) were rated _______ by their supervisors and peers, and had _______ dropout rates than the trainees who were not

lower, higher

What term refers to an employees' opportunities to express their opinions, speak at meetings, and contribute to solving problems?

output

Schemas allow us to make sense of a _________ quickly based on limited information.

person, place, situation

If a hiring manager is interviewing someone who reminds him of himself when he was just starting out, he may assume that the candidate also shares his values, work ethic, and abilities. This is an example of what phenomenon

projection

What term refers to attributing our own characteristics to other people?

projection

Selective perception ___________ stereotypes as the perceiver focuses on information and behaviors that confirm rather than negate the assigned stereotype.

reinforces

What term refers to forming oversimplified beliefs about an individual or a group based on the idea that everyone in that particular group will behave the same way?

stereotyping

After encountering an exceptionally good cashier, we might see an average cashier and evaluate him as below average. This is an example of which of the following?

the contrast effect

What term refers to evaluating a person's characteristics through comparisons with other people we have recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics?

the contrast effect

People tend to associate beauty with other positive characteristics. This phenomenon is an example of which of the following?

the halo effect