Exam 1 Quizzes

anal

according to Freud, OCDs have their origin in the ____ development" A. oral B. anal C. phallic D. genital

synapses

messages moving from neuron to neuron must cross tiny spaces called: A. dendrites B. axons C. neurotransmitters D. synapses

humanistic theorists

"phobic and generalized anxiety disorders arise when people stop looking at themselves honestly and with acceptance and instead deny and distort their true, thoughts, emotions, and behavior." This explanation for anxiety disorders would MOST likely be offered by: A. behaviorists B. cognitive theorists C. sociocultural theorists D. humanistic theorists

obsessive compulsive related disorders

A clinician who is not up-to-date uses the term "excessive behaviors" to describe a category of disorder. According to the DSM-5, that category is now called: A. body dysmorphic disorders. B. panic disorders. C. social anxiety disorders. D. obsessive-compulsive-related disorders.

the best psychotherapy eliminates symptoms as fast, and longer, than the best drug therapy

A friend asks you, "You're taking an abnormal psychology course; what's the MOST effective treatment for social anxiety disorder?" Your BEST research-based answer is: A. Antidepressant medication eliminates symptoms faster, and for at least as long, as the best psychotherapy B. Antianxiety medication eliminates symptoms faster than the best psychotherapy C. The best psychotherapy eliminates symptoms as fast, but not as long, as the best drug therapy D. The best psychotherapy eliminates symptoms as fast, and longer, than the best drug therapy

Likely; almost half of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis

A friend says to you, "I wonder how likely I am to qualify for a DSM diagnosis in my lifetime." Based upon survey results, your MOST accurate answer would be (assuming your friend is "typical"): A. unlikely; about 10% of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis B. Somewhat unlikely; about 20% of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis C. Pretty likely; about 1/3 of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis D. Likely; almost half of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis

interrater reliability

A panel of psychologists and psychiatrists evaluates the test results and clinical interviews of a client in a sanity hearing. They all arrive at the same diagnosis. The panel has high: A. internal validity B. predictive validity C. interrater reliability D. test retest reliability

are unable to assess bodily sensations accurately

According to cognitive theorists, people experiencing anxiety sensitivity: A. are oblivious to body sensations. B. are unable to assess bodily sensations accurately. C. interpret bodily sensations as abnormally pleasant. D. confuse physical and emotional sensations.

better than nothing, and about as effective as meditation

According to current research, using relaxation training to treat generalized anxiety disorder is: A. the best treatment available B. simply not effective C. better than similar treatments such as meditation D. better than nothing, and about as effective as meditation

GABA

Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder because they mimic the effect of _____ at certain receptor sites in the brain: A. GABA B. dopamine C. acetylcholine D. serotonin

labeling

David Rosenhan sent "pseudopatients" to a mental hospital, where they pretended to be disturbed. The results led him to conclude that _____ greatly impacts mental illness A. an actual symptom B. the community mental health system C. labeling D. communication

stimulus generalization

Little Karen was bitten by a tan pony she was riding at a carnival. The experience left her hurt and frightened. The next month she was visiting her uncle, who had a tan Great Dane (dog). It frightened her even though she had never had a bad experience with a dog. Karen's fear of this dog is an example of: A. response discrimination B. modeling C. stimulus generalization D. vicarious reinforcement

social factors leading to stress

Multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as MOST likely due to: A. genetic makeup B. social factors leading to stress C. irrational patterns of thinking D. fixation at a lower level of ego functioning

learn about unconscious conflicts in the client

Personality assessment using projective tests is designed to: A. perform a functional analysis of the client B. learn about unconscious conflicts in the client C. obtain detailed information about specific dysfunctional behaviors D. obtain detailed information about specific dysfunctional cognitions

PTSD

Raphael was just outside the parking garage of the World Trade Center when the explosion occurred. At the time he was terrified and had visions of the building falling on him. Ever since the bombing he has had periods of anxiety and sleeplessness. This is an example of a: A. panic disorder B. phobic disorder C. GAD D. PTSD

poverty is a stressor that contributes to dysfunction

Regarding the finding that there are more seriously disturbed people among those who are poor, a multicultural theorist would focus on the way in which: A. personal responsibility is related to dysfunction B. irrational thoughts contribute to one's feelings C. poverty is a stressor that contributes to dysfunction D. early life experiences shape one's later behavior

disregard ethical principles when they think their clients might benefit

Surveys of very successful therapists show that they generally do all of the following EXCEPT: A. disregard ethical principles when they think their clients might benefit B. help clients focus more on the clients' behaviors C. pay attention to their interactions with their clients D. all of the above

unconditioned stimulus

When I was a young child and watching TV with my mother, a mouse ran by. My mother screamed, scaring me. Subsequently, I have been afraid of mice. In this example, my mother's scream is the: A. conditioned response B. unconditioned response C. conditioned stimulus D. unconditioned stimulus

sociocultural

Which model of abnormality would focus on factors such as norms, family structure, and support systems, in particular? A. behavioral B. cognitive behavioral C. sociocultural D. gestalt

if I touch that doorknob, I will be dirty and contaminated

Which of the following reflects the MOST common obsessive thought? A. if I touch that doorknob, I will be dirty and contaminated B. I must make sure that the brochures are folded evenly C. I can hardly stop myself from yelling sexual obscenities in class D. I hope that person dies a long, slow death

systematic desensitization

a client in a totally relaxed state vividly imagines formerly anxiety-arousing situations without feeling any lingering anxiety. MOST likely, that client has just completed what type of therapy? A. Freudian psychoanalysis B. family systems C. systematic desensitization D. cognitive therapy

touching compulsion

a professor who puts on rubber gloves before grading papers and religiously avoids any contact with the hands of students is exhibiting a(n): A. cleaning compulsion B. checking compulsion C. order compulsion D. touching compulsion

naturalistic observation

a therapist's preferred method of assessing abnormal behavior is to watch clients in their everyday environments and record their activities and behaviors. This is known as: A. self monitoring B. battery observation C. structured observation D. naturalistic observation

crises of faith

after some people are told their DSM diagnoses, their "symptoms" appear to stay the same or even get worse. Many theorists would attribute this to the development of: A. generalized anxiety B. self fulfilling prophecies C. somatic symptom disorders, as opposed to psychiatric disorders D. crises of faith

standardization

another term for developing norms for an assessment tool is: A. reliability B. face validity C. predictive validity D. standardization

norepinephrine

antidepressant drugs are frequently effective in treating panic attacks. this may mean that the disorder is related to levels of the neurotransmitter: A. GABA B. dopamine C. acetylcholine D. norepinephrine

believe their thoughts are capable of causing harm to themselves or others

cognitive theorists have found that people who develop OCD also: A. have a lower rate of depression B. have lower standards of conduct and morality C. believe it is impossible and undesirable to have control over everything D. believe their thoughts are capable of causing harm to themselves or others

low activity of serotonin

depression has been linked to which neurotransmitter abnormality? A. low activity of GABA B. absence of dopamine C. low activity of serotonin D. excessive activity of norepinephrine

irrational assumptions

if I believe that it is a dire necessity for me to be loved or approved by everyone and that it is catastrophic if things are not the way I want them, I am displaying basic: A. existential anxiety B. irrational assumptions C. moral anxiety D. conditions of worth

biological

if a clinician is particularly interested in a client's family medical history, that clinician's orientation is MOST likely: A. behavioral B. biological C. sociocultural D. cognitive

enmeshed

if a mother seems excessively involved in her child's life such that the two do not seem to be independent people, their relationship is said to be: A. externalized B. cultural C. enmeshed D. disengaged

catharsis

if a patient relives past repressed feelings, that patient is said to have experienced _______, according to psychoanalysts. A. repression B. transference C. resistance D. catharsis

rational emotive therapy

if your therapist gave you homework that required you to challenge your faulty assumptions and replace them with healthier ones, the therapist would be using: A. cognitive existential therapy B. client centered therapy C. rational emotive therapy D. interpersonal physiotherapy

receives support in therapy applications for a wide range of disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder

mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: A. has not received much support at all in therapy applications B. receives support in therapy applications, but its usefulness is limited to treating GAD C. receives support in therapy applications for a wide range of disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder D. is so new that no one is sure of its treatment applicability

thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them

people who experience obsessions show: A. typical levels of worry about real problems B. thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them C. thoughts that they can easily ignore and resist D. a lack of awareness that the thoughts are inappropriate

cultural fairness

the MOST legitimate criticism of intelligence tests concerns their: A. validity B. cultural fairness C. reliability D. standardization

poor validity

use of projective tests has decreased in the past few decades because projective tests often have: A. interrater reliability that is too high B. poor validity C. rigid scoring standards D. bias in favor of minority groups

both are used to deal with or ward off anxiety

what do obsessions and compulsions have in common? A. both are used to deal with or ward off anxiety B. both arise out of an excessively strong superego C. both involve rituals D. both are a normal part of life for the average person

operant conditioning

when a young child yells and throws toys, the parents give the child a good deal of attention. As time goes on, the temper tantrums become more and more common. A behavioral psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from: A. unresolved intrapsychic conflict B. operant conditioning C. unconditional positive regard

agoraphobia

which of the following behavior patterns is NOT listen in the DSM-5 an as obsessive compulsive related disorder? A. agoraphobia B. body dysmorphic disorder C. trichotillomania D. hoarding disorder