Evolution Exam 1
Uniformitarianism
Present is key to the past
Modern Evolutionary Synthesis
Reconciled Darwin's Theory with Mendellian Genetics: Ronald A. Fisher, Sewall Wright, J.B. S. Haldane - Mutation is not an alternative to natural selection but instead its the raw material
Mendelian Genetics
"particulate inheritance"
Darwin's Five Theories
1. Evolution-characteristics of organisms' lineages change overtime 2. Common Descent-all life portrayed as one big family tree (radically new idea) 3. Gradualism-differences between (even) radically different organisms have evolved incrementally in small steps overtime 4. Population Change-evolution occurs in the proportions of individuals within a population that have different inherited characteristics 5. Natural Selection-changes in organisms are caused by differences in ability to reproduce-this results in adaptations
Wallace Line
A deep channel that separates species , a line in southeast asia delineating the abrupt difference in flora and fauna from that found on the asian mainland to plants and animals more common to Australia
Ernst Mayr
Biological species concept (BSC) Species are reproductively isolated from other groups Theory of Geographic (Allopatric Speciation) new species form when populations become geographically isolated Theory of Founder Effect Speciation Drastic reductions in population size promote speciation
Biological Evolution
Change in the genetic properties of groups of organisms often called "decent with Modification
Plato and Aristotle
Essentialism
Essentialism
variation is Accidental imperfections
Hutton and Lyell
Uniformitarianism
Mutationist Theories
discretely different organisms arose via mutations natural selection not required
Wallace Effect
reproduction speciation , Hypothesis that natural selection can contribute to the reproductive isolation of incipient species by encouraging varieties to develop barriers to hybridization
Richard Goldschmidt
"hopeful monster"- Macroevolution through macromutation developmental modularity can lead to abrupt phenotypic change; challenge to gradualism; abrupt changes transforming the appearance of a structure into a serial homolog
Origin of Species Two Main Theories
Decent with Modification (evolution) Causal agent of evolutionary change (natural selection)
Jean-Baptiste Antroine de Monet, Chelvalier de Lamark
First Organic Evolution theory Traits acquired during one individual's lifetime are passed on to offspring Species originate by spontaneous generation and not one common ancestor
Alfred Russel Wallace
Got "scooped" by Darwin "Father of Biogeography"
Motoo Kimura
Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution- Many genetic changes cause no phenotypic change most of DNA evolution occurs by genetic drift NOT natural selectionWil
William D. Hamilton, Robert Trivers
Social Theory- Kin Selection explains altruistic behaviors and eusociality Conflict parent/offspring, sibling, male/female
Catastrophism
Sudden violent and short-lived events responsible for current state of the earth
