Evolution of Management Theory
1)Environment 2)Management concepts, principles & techniques. 3)Contingent relationship between (1)&(2) above.
3 Major parts of overall conceptual frame work for contingency management:
Henri Fayol
Administrative Management
System Approach
All organizations are open system
Max Weber
Bureaucratic Management
John Woodward, Fiedler, Lorsch & Lawrence
Contingency Approach Main contributors
1. Each part of an individual's work is analyzed 'scientifically', 2. The most suitable person to undertake the job is chosen, again 'scientifically'. 3. Managers must cooperate with workers to ensure the job is done in the scientific way. 4. There is a clear 'division' of work and responsibility between management and workers.
F.W Taylor's Principles of scientific management
Frederick Winslow Taylor
Father of Scientific Management
Henri Fayol
Father of modern management
Elton Mayo
Founder of Human Relations.
films
Frank and Lillian (Frank and Lillian used _______ to analyze worker activity.
Taylorism
Frederick Winslow Taylor's system of industrial management
qualifications and competence
Furthermore, inMax Weber's bureaucracy,______________________________ are the only basis for hiring and promotion of workers.
Henry Gant
He is probably best known for two key contributions to classical management theory: the Gantt chart and the task and bonus system.
Max Weber
He took a keen interest in industrial capitalism and was curious to know why it worked in certain countries and didn't in others
may behave differently
Individuals ___________________ under different situations
Henri Fayol
Introduced pyramidal form of organization.
vary between different enterprises and levels
It recognizes that the actual problems which managers face and the environment in which they operate may _______________________________________
universally applicable body of knowledge
It regards management as a ________________________________________________ that can be brought to bear at all levels of managing and in all types of enterprise.
Koontz, O'Donnell and Weihrich
Main contributors Operational Approach
Maslow, F.Herz berg & D.Mc Gregor
Main contributors of Behavioral Science Approach
1) Technical Activities (Production, Manufacturing) 2) Commercial Activities (Purchasing, Selling and Exchange) 3) Financial Activities (Optimum use of capital) 4) Security (Protection of property and persons) 5) Accounting (Stock taking, Balance sheet, costing, statistics) 6) Managerial (Planning, organizing, coordinating and controlling)
Management consist 6 types of activiti
concerned with problem solving
Management is ____________________________________ and it must make use of mathematical tools and techniques for the purpose
Contingency Approach
Management is situational & main objective of management is to identify the important variables in the situations.
social skills, technical skill
Management must develop ______________ in addition to ___________
described in mathematical models
Management problems can be __________________________.
1.Task Specialization 2.Formal Selection 3.Impersonal (Impersonality And Personal Indifference) 4.Hierarchical Layers Of Authority 5.Rules And Regulations 6.Career Orientation
Max Weber's Six Principles Of Bureauc
social system
Organization is basically a __________________ and not just techno economical system.
1) Replacement of old rule of thump method 2) Scientific selection and training 3) Labor-Management co-operation(mental revolution) 4) Maximum output 5) Equal division of responsibility
Principles of Scientific Management
Taylor, Gilbreths, Gantt, Newman &Joel Dean.
Quantitative Approach Main contributors
Frederick Taylor, Gilbreths, Henry Gantt
Scientific Management
Johnson, Church man, Kenneth, Boulding & Rosen Zweig
System Approach Main contributors
TRUE
TRUE/FALSE In bureaucratic management, all members of the organization are treated equally and division of labor is clearly defined.
Suggestion schemes
Taylor proposed a form of incentive for employees to make suggestions if they felt an improvement could be made to either the method or the implement used to undertake a task
1911
Taylor's work The principles of scientific management (source of all the following quotes) was published in
1) Scientific task setting-fair day's work 2) Work study-method, time, fatigue and motion study 3) Planning the task 4) Standardisation 5) Scientific selection and training 6) Differential piece-wage plan 7) Specialisation
Techniques of Scientific Management
a)Scientific Management b)Bureaucratic Management c)Administrative Management
The Classical theory of management
worker welfare and motivation.
The Gilbreths were also focused on
science of ergonomics, industrial psychology
The Gilbreths work led to the ___________________ and ____________________________.
1.Quantitative Approach 2.System Approach 3.Contingency Approach 4.Operational Approach
The Modern Management Theories
1.Human Relations 2.Behavioral Science Approach
The Neo-Classical Theory
form of equations
The different factors involved in management can be quantified and expressed in the __________________________ which can be solved with the help of mathematical tools.
creating training videos to instruct employees in how to work productively
The films the Gilbreths made were also useful for
1. Rewards 2. Quality standards 3. Suggestion schemes
The principles of scientific management that stand out
Quality standards
The use of written documentation for each part of a worker's job, inherent in scientific management, is strikingly prescient of the procedural documentation in use in the ISO 9000 series of quality standards.
Gantt chart
a tool that provides a visual (graphic) representation of what occurs over the course of a project.
Industrial capitalism
a type of economic system in which industry is controlled by private organizations and the main objective is to earn profit.
Henry Gantt
also an associate of Taylor.
bureaucracy
an organizational structure that is characterized by many rules, standardized processes, procedures and requirements, number of desks, the meticulous division of labor and responsibility, clear hierarchies and professional, almost impersonal interactions between employees.'
Max Weber
author of The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism(1905).
Elton Mayo
concluded that production efficiency of workers depends upon emotional factors
Management
is a process of planning, decision making, organizing, leading, motivation and controlling the human resources, financial, physical, and information resources of an organization to reach its goals efficiently and effectively.
Rewards
most effective in stimulating men to do their best work, must come soon after the work has been done..
bureaucracy.
rational organization
