Evolution of Management Theory

1)Environment 2)Management concepts, principles & techniques. 3)Contingent relationship between (1)&(2) above.

3 Major parts of overall conceptual frame work for contingency management:

Henri Fayol

Administrative Management

System Approach

All organizations are open system

Max Weber

Bureaucratic Management

John Woodward, Fiedler, Lorsch & Lawrence

Contingency Approach Main contributors

1. Each part of an individual's work is analyzed 'scientifically', 2. The most suitable person to undertake the job is chosen, again 'scientifically'. 3. Managers must cooperate with workers to ensure the job is done in the scientific way. 4. There is a clear 'division' of work and responsibility between management and workers.

F.W Taylor's Principles of scientific management

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Father of Scientific Management

Henri Fayol

Father of modern management

Elton Mayo

Founder of Human Relations.

films

Frank and Lillian (Frank and Lillian used _______ to analyze worker activity.

Taylorism

Frederick Winslow Taylor's system of industrial management

qualifications and competence

Furthermore, inMax Weber's bureaucracy,______________________________ are the only basis for hiring and promotion of workers.

Henry Gant

He is probably best known for two key contributions to classical management theory: the Gantt chart and the task and bonus system.

Max Weber

He took a keen interest in industrial capitalism and was curious to know why it worked in certain countries and didn't in others

may behave differently

Individuals ___________________ under different situations

Henri Fayol

Introduced pyramidal form of organization.

vary between different enterprises and levels

It recognizes that the actual problems which managers face and the environment in which they operate may _______________________________________

universally applicable body of knowledge

It regards management as a ________________________________________________ that can be brought to bear at all levels of managing and in all types of enterprise.

Koontz, O'Donnell and Weihrich

Main contributors Operational Approach

Maslow, F.Herz berg & D.Mc Gregor

Main contributors of Behavioral Science Approach

1) Technical Activities (Production, Manufacturing) 2) Commercial Activities (Purchasing, Selling and Exchange) 3) Financial Activities (Optimum use of capital) 4) Security (Protection of property and persons) 5) Accounting (Stock taking, Balance sheet, costing, statistics) 6) Managerial (Planning, organizing, coordinating and controlling)

Management consist 6 types of activiti

concerned with problem solving

Management is ____________________________________ and it must make use of mathematical tools and techniques for the purpose

Contingency Approach

Management is situational & main objective of management is to identify the important variables in the situations.

social skills, technical skill

Management must develop ______________ in addition to ___________

described in mathematical models

Management problems can be __________________________.

1.Task Specialization 2.Formal Selection 3.Impersonal (Impersonality And Personal Indifference) 4.Hierarchical Layers Of Authority 5.Rules And Regulations 6.Career Orientation

Max Weber's Six Principles Of Bureauc

social system

Organization is basically a __________________ and not just techno economical system.

1) Replacement of old rule of thump method 2) Scientific selection and training 3) Labor-Management co-operation(mental revolution) 4) Maximum output 5) Equal division of responsibility

Principles of Scientific Management

Taylor, Gilbreths, Gantt, Newman &Joel Dean.

Quantitative Approach Main contributors

Frederick Taylor, Gilbreths, Henry Gantt

Scientific Management

Johnson, Church man, Kenneth, Boulding & Rosen Zweig

System Approach Main contributors

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE In bureaucratic management, all members of the organization are treated equally and division of labor is clearly defined.

Suggestion schemes

Taylor proposed a form of incentive for employees to make suggestions if they felt an improvement could be made to either the method or the implement used to undertake a task

1911

Taylor's work The principles of scientific management (source of all the following quotes) was published in

1) Scientific task setting-fair day's work 2) Work study-method, time, fatigue and motion study 3) Planning the task 4) Standardisation 5) Scientific selection and training 6) Differential piece-wage plan 7) Specialisation

Techniques of Scientific Management

a)Scientific Management b)Bureaucratic Management c)Administrative Management

The Classical theory of management

worker welfare and motivation.

The Gilbreths were also focused on

science of ergonomics, industrial psychology

The Gilbreths work led to the ___________________ and ____________________________.

1.Quantitative Approach 2.System Approach 3.Contingency Approach 4.Operational Approach

The Modern Management Theories

1.Human Relations 2.Behavioral Science Approach

The Neo-Classical Theory

form of equations

The different factors involved in management can be quantified and expressed in the __________________________ which can be solved with the help of mathematical tools.

creating training videos to instruct employees in how to work productively

The films the Gilbreths made were also useful for

1. Rewards 2. Quality standards 3. Suggestion schemes

The principles of scientific management that stand out

Quality standards

The use of written documentation for each part of a worker's job, inherent in scientific management, is strikingly prescient of the procedural documentation in use in the ISO 9000 series of quality standards.

Gantt chart

a tool that provides a visual (graphic) representation of what occurs over the course of a project.

Industrial capitalism

a type of economic system in which industry is controlled by private organizations and the main objective is to earn profit.

Henry Gantt

also an associate of Taylor.

bureaucracy

an organizational structure that is characterized by many rules, standardized processes, procedures and requirements, number of desks, the meticulous division of labor and responsibility, clear hierarchies and professional, almost impersonal interactions between employees.'

Max Weber

author of The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism(1905).

Elton Mayo

concluded that production efficiency of workers depends upon emotional factors

Management

is a process of planning, decision making, organizing, leading, motivation and controlling the human resources, financial, physical, and information resources of an organization to reach its goals efficiently and effectively.

Rewards

most effective in stimulating men to do their best work, must come soon after the work has been done..

bureaucracy.

rational organization