Evolution Review

HIV evolved in the 1980's

False

There are 3 different species of squirrels found in the Grand Canyon.

False

There are 4.5 billion species of organisms on Earth.

False

Maicetus Inuus was a walking whale.

True

Gene mutations can be caused by many things. These mutations are biologically important because they

can result in a new variety of gene combinations in the species

mutations that occur in skin or lung cells have little effect on the evolution of a species because mutations in these cells

cannot be passed on to offspring

Which evolutionary tree best represents the information about the pink land iguana provided in the passage?

first cladogram

Which statement would most likely have used by Lamarck to explain the development of the long trunk in elephants?

Elephants stretched their trunks to reach food supply and this longer trunk was passed on.

Birds of Paradise live on the islands of the Galapagos.

False

Different species of birds of paradise are a result of different phermones that are released by the females.

False

Different species of fish are evolving into bigger sizes.

False

Dolphins have 2 blowholes on top of their head.

False

Dr. Beatrice Hahn found HIV viruses in gorilla stool (poop).

False

Evolution tends to occur in populations that are large.

False

Flycatchers stay reproductively isolated from one another because of different claspers.

False

HIV is a bacteria pathogen.

False

Having the sickle cell trait is a result of having the genotype: rr.

False

Reptiles evolved from fish-like creatures.

False

Small isolated popuations do random mating.

False

Small isolated populations have a lot of genetic variation.

False

The cookoo bird and Darwin's finches have coevolved together.

False

The Florida panther, a member of the cat family, has a population of fewer than 100 individuals and has limited genetic variation. Which inference based on this information is valid?

Over time, these animals will become less likely to survive in a changing environment

A bat wing and butterfly wing are examples of analogous structures.

True

All flowers turn into fruits.

True

All living things are related.

True

All living things on Earth are related.

True

Amphibians evolved from fish-like creatures.

True

Small isolated poptulation evolve.

True

Species are reproductively isolated.

True

Whales have hair.

True

The organisms that are the most related and share a common ancestor based on this cladogram include

crocodile and birds

Base your answer on which process is illustrated in the diagram below?

crossing over

Extinction of a species could result from

limited genetic variability in the species

These specialized structures on the beetle's back allow it to

obtain a substance that is required for survival

The appearance of this penguin chick with all black feathers might

result in an increase in black penguins over time if the trait provides a reproductive advantage

animals with hair include

rodents

In Dr. Conover's experiment, how many fish tanks were set-up?

3

Organisms with the greatest biochemical similarities would most likely be found in which pair of genera?

3 and 4

Which statement is most consistent with the theory of evolution as stated by Lamarck?

A cat that lost a toe produced a kitten missing a toe.

Which concept is NOT a part of the theory of evolution?

Change occurs according to the needs of an individual organism to survive.

If these two animals did have a common ancestor, which statement would best explain why there are differences in the bones?

Changes contributed to the survival of the organisms in their new environment.

Cetaceons include wales, dolphins, and sharks.

False

Charles Darwin explained evolution in terms of inheritance of acquired traits.

False

Crossing over of genes occurs during mitosis.

False

Humans evolved from chimps.

False

Hybrid animals can be considered separate species.

False

Insects and birds have a common ancestor.

False

Jean Baptiste Lamarck explained evolution in terms of survival of the fittest.

False

Meiosis is a cell division used to make body cells.

False

Multichambered stomachs are common among meat eating animals.

False

Mutations occur when the environment changes.

False

Penguins and Seals have a common ancestor.

False

The corspse flower which has coevolved to attract house flies for pollination is found in China.

False

The leading hypothesis as to how humans got the HIV virus, is that a hunter accdientally cut himself while preparing meat from an infected gorilla.

False

Warblers are invasive species introduced from the west.

False

Whales evolved from hippos.

False

When someone is a carrier for the sickle cell gene, they have the genetic disorder, sickle cell anemia.

False

Which statement would most likely be in agreement with Lamarck's theory of evolution?

Giraffes have long necks because their ancestors stretched their necks reaching for food, and this trait was passed on to their offspring.

How does the ability to produce 3000 to 6500 eggs benefit the species?

More offspring are likely to survive and reproduce.

What is the most probable reason for the decreased effectiveness of the DDT?

Mosquitoes resistant to DDT lived and produced offspring

Which statement is not included as a part of the modern theory of evolution?

New organs arise when they are needed.

Scientists attempted to determine the evolutionary relationships between three different plant species, A, B, and C. In order to do this, they examined the stems and DNA of these species. Diagram 1 represents a microscopic view of the cross sections of the stems of these three species. DNA was extracted from all three species and analyzed using gel electrophoresis.Which statement best describes the method used above to determine the evolutionary relationships between three species of bacteria?

Obtain biochemical evidence from all three species and identify similarities.

What results in variation among living things?

Sex, mutations, and crossing over.

The diagram below represents some changes that took place in a bacterial population recently exposed to an antibiotic. Which statement would best explain the presence of bacteria on day 4?

Some of the bacterial population was resistant to this antibiotic.

The diagram below represents four different species of bacteria. Which statement is correct concerning the chances of survival for these species if there is a change in the environment?

Species A has the best chance of survival because it has the most genetic diversity.

Which statement concerning the snails is correct?

The black snails had an adaptive advantage.

What happned in the tank where the large fish were removed, after 4 generations or years?

The fish evolved into smaller fish

Which statement most accurately predicts the present-day condition of these island hawk populations?

The hawks that landed on island B have evolved more than those on island A.

In 1993, there were only 30 panthers in Florida. They were all closely related and many had reproductive problems. To avoid extinction and restore health to the population, biologists introduced 8 female panthers from Texas. Today, there are more than 80 panthers in Florida and most individuals have healthy reproductive systems. Why was this tactic successful?

The introduced females increased the genetic variability of the panther population in Florida.

A population of animals is permanently split by a natural barrier into two separate populations in different environments. What will likely result after a long period of time?

The two populations will evolve into separate species.

Being fit means one can survive to reproduce.

True

Both whales and hippos are the only mammals with internal testicles

True

Canyons and oceans can create geographical isolation among a group of species.

True

Different flowers have coevolved to attract different animals for pollination.

True

Different species of crickets are reproductively isolated because of different songs.

True

Different species of squirrels found in the grand canyon developed as a result of geographical isolation.

True

Evolution occurs because the environment changes.

True

Grassland plants have evolved to depend on grazing animals.

True

Homologous structures have similar functions but different anatomy.

True

Homologous structures indicate a common ancestroy and relatedness among organisms.

True

Humans and chimps share a common ancestor.

True

Hybrid animals do not make viable gametes.

True

In the 1980's many believed a flight attendant started the AIDS disease.

True

Independent assortment occurs during meiosis.

True

It is believed that HIV originally came from a chimpanzee.

True

Reptiles evolved from amphibian-like creatures.

True

Similar environments results in similar traits.

True

The corpse flower does not have leaves.

True

The corpse flower lasts about a week before it dies.

True

The outgroup in this cladogram is the shark.

True

The patagonian hare which resides in South America and the rabbit share similar traits because they live in similar environments.

True

Traits for smaller body size among fish are more likely to get passed on to future generatons if larger fish are getting caught and eaten.

True

Vestigial structures have limited or no use.

True

Viruses are not considered living.

True

Whale DNA is most similar to that of hippos.

True

Whales evolved from 4 legged mammals.

True

Whales have bones similar to the bones in our hips which support legs.

True

Whales have finger bones in their front flippers.

True

Whether a mutation is "good" (helps you survive to reproduce), depends on the environment.

True

Which two species are the most closely related?

V and VI

What would most likely be the result of two subdivisions of a population remaining geographically isolated from each other for several hundred generations?

Variations in one subdivision would differ from variations in the other subdivision.

The presence of these bones in the baleen whale and extinct whale provides evidence of which of the following?

Whales evolved from four-legged animals.

In order to produce the first white marigold flower, growers began with the lightest yellow-flowered marigold plants. After crossing them, these plants produced seeds, which were planted, and only the offspring with very light-yellow flowers were used to produce the next generation. Repeating this process over many years, growers finally produced a marigold flower that is considered the first white variety of its species. This procedure is known as

artificial selection

A species of bird known as Bird of Paradise has been observed in the jungles of New Guinea. The males shake their bodies and sometimes hang upside down to show off their bright colors and long feathers to attract females. Females usually mate with the "flashiest" males. These observations support the concept that

behaviors that lead to reproductive success have evolved

Which pair of structures are homologous?

bones in the front leg of a dog and bones in the wing of a bat

Being reproductively isolated means

cannot reproduce with another group of organisms, cannot produce viable sperm and egg, and cannot have offspring with another group of organisms.

For these mammals, the number, position, and shape of the bones most likely indicates that they may have

developed from the same earlier species

Natural selection is best described as

differences in survival rates as a result of different inherited characteristics.

Geographic and reproductive isolation are most closely associated with

geographic isolation

What do these embryos have in common?

have nerve chords

A mouse has its tail completely cut off by a mousetrap. Which concept proposes that the offspring produced by this mouse will be born without tails?

inheritance of acquired characteristics

In 1889, August Weismann, a German biologist, conducted an experiment attempting to produce mice without tails. He cut the tails off adult mice and then permitted them to mate. All offspring had long tails. He repeated the experiment many times, always with the same results. This experiment helped to disprove the concept of

inheritance of acquired characteristics

In a sexually reproducing species, evolution could occur as a result of

modification of genes in sex cells

The diagram below represents an important biological concept. The concept being represented is...

natural selection

The role that the environment plays in determining which species survive is referred to as

natural selection

Which concept states that the presence of favorable variations enables organisms to adapt successfully to a change in the environment?

natural selection

The increase in the number of black snails can best be explained by

natural selection after an environmental change

Lamarck proposed that new organs evolved according to the

needs of the organism

In order for a species to evolve, it must be able to

reproduce successfully

Over a long period of time the organisms on an island changed so that they could no longer interbreed with the organisms on a neighboring island. This inability to interbreed is known as

reproductive isolation

One negative consequence of using an insecticide is that it

selects for insecticide-resistant organisms.

Crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis, is associated with

sexual reproduction

According to these data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to

species IV

The theory of evolution states that

species change over time, sometimes developing into new species

A genetic change that occurs in a body cell of a mouse will not contribute to the evolution of the species because

the evolution of a species can result from changes in reproductive cells, not body cells

Which fish tank was the control group without the variable?

the tank where fish were removed at random

If an ecosystem is changed through a natural disaster, organisms will have the best chance of survival if

their species exhibits genetic variation

The embryos of fish, chickens, and pigs have gill slits and a tail. The presence of these features suggests that

these animals may have had a common ancestor

The fact that all of these organisms contain Cytochrome C could lead to the inference

these organisms have all evolved from an ancestor that produced Cytochrome c

What do grazing animals do for plants?

till the soil, fertilize the soil with dung, and remove excess vegetation.

A group of organisms became reproductively isolated from its original population due to geographic separation. This group would most likely be

unable to successfully interbreed with its original population

During meiosis, crossing-over (gene exchange between chromosomes) may occur. crossing-over usually results in

variation within the species