Exam 1

Lab #1, p. 3, Q#6, part II: What factors or criteria might make your data (and hypothesis) more accurate?

Correct e) only a) and b) are correct b) a ruler and/or a better means of accurately measuring your subjects c) DNA samples

The __________ proposes that the bodies of our solar system formed at essentially the same time from a rotating cloud of gases and dust.

Nebular hypothesis Heliocentric theory

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, direct observations showed that a glacier in Switzerland flowed forward in the downhill direction while its snout (terminus) was retreating higher up the valley? Which of the following explains these observations in a rational, scientific way?

The melting rate of ice in the glacier exceeded the rate at which new snow and ice were added to the glacier.

The law of superposition applies primarily to sedimentary rocks and lava flows.

True

first related the symmetrical magnetic patterns in seafloor basalts to seafloor spreading at a mid-ocean ridge.

Vine and Matthews Matthews and Marks Wegener and Wilson

is the process by which rocks breakdown in place to produce soils and sediments.

Weathering

A transform plate boundary is characterized by ____________.

a deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions

(SLIDE) According to your textbook, the Black Hills of South Dakota are an excellent example of what feature?

anticlinal dome synclinal basin

What is feature Y called?

anticline c) plunging fold

New oceanic crust and lithosphere are formed at ____________.

divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma convergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma

The Black Hills of South Dakota are a good example of a(n)

dome

If you wanted to draw the boundaries of active lithospheric plates on a globe, which of the following maps would give you the most complete information? A map showing ____________.

earthquake distribution active volcanoes the edges of continental shelves the global distribution of hot spots

According to your textbook, the Grand Teton Mountains are an excellent example of what feature?

fault block mountains anticlinal dome

Encounter Earth Lab #11b - Transform Boundaries, Part C: Studies indicate that at the time the offset of Wallace Creek began 13,000 years ago, it flowed through the valley indicated by placemark D, and only more recently did it cut its present channel into the land on the western side of the fault. Determine the average annual displacement, in inches per year, along this section of the San Andreas Fault.

1.2 inches per year NONE of these are correct. 17,000 inches per year Response Feedback: displacement of approximately 15,600 inches has taken place over the past 13,000 years. 15,600 in / 13,000 yr = 1.2 inches / year

Wake Tech Lab #02: Plate Tectonics, p.8, Q 23b) MODIFIED: Assume that the South Atlantic began forming 135 million years ago. Calculate the SOUTH AMERICAN PLATE S SPREADING RATE in cm/yr at b) Buenos Aires (35 degrees S. latitude)(4000km away from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge). I DO NOT WANT THE FULL SPREADING RATE.

2.96 cm/yr 2.96 km/yr 5.93 cm/yr 29.63 km/yr 29.63 cm/yr Response Feedback: incorrect 4000 km / 135 million years = 400,000,000 cm / 135,000,000 years = 400 cm / 135 yrs = 2.96 cm / yr

Internally, the Earth consists of spherical shells with different compositions and densities.

True

Plastic deformation occurs more readily in warm rock than in cool rock.

True

Seafloor spreading rates can be estimated if the geologic ages of the magnetic field reversals are independently known.

True

Horizontal, compressive deformation involves shortening and thickening of the crust.

True

What is name of the deepest spot in all the world's oceans? What type of plate boundary is it located?

Aleutian Islands Ocean-Ocean Convergent

was the highly influential, ancient Greek philosopher noted for his writings and teachings on natural philosophy and on the workings of Earth.

Aristotle Pappagapolis

In a reverse fault, the hanging wall block moves up relative to the footwall block.

True

Encounter Earth Lab #11a - Divergent Boundaries, Part B: Studies have shown that the rocks rimming the shores of the Red Sea in this area are approximately 20 million years old. Which of the following statements best describes the rate(s) at which the Red Sea is spreading?

Correct The Red Sea basin is opening more rapidly near placemark B than it is at placemark A. The Red Sea basin is opening more rapidly near placemark A than it is at placemark B. The Red Sea basin is opening at a constant rate throughout its length.

Encounter Earth Lab #11a - Divergent Boundaries, Part A: Examine the shape of the shoreline of Red Sea. Which of the following set of observations offers the best evidence that the northeast (right-hand, Saudi Arabia & Yemen) and southwest (left-hand - Egypt, Sudan, & Eritria) shores of the Red Sea were once joined to each other? If that is the case, is the Red Sea rift opening at the same rate throughout its length? What evidence can you cite to support your answer?

Correct the jigsaw-puzzle-like fit of the shorelines with each other, and rocks of similar age on opposite shores of the Red Sea.

Wake Tech Lab #02: Plate Tectonics, p.7, Q 21c): What is the name of the volcanic island that has risen above sea level along the mountain range in the above two answers (21 a) & 21b))?

Correct Iceland Bermuda Falklands Response Feedback: incorrect lab review on Wed 2 June textbook p. 237, p. 365

Active mountain belts are most likely to be found __________.

Correct along the margins of continents

What is feature X called?

Correct d) anticline

Basin and range topography, like that in the western and southwestern United States, indicates that compressive folding is active today or was active very recently, geologically speaking.

False

Terrane accretion generally occurs along a divergent boundary between a continental plate and an oceanic plate.

False

The rate of seafloor spreading is, on the average, about one meter per year.

False

most effectively outline the edges of the lithospheric plates.

Lines of earthquake epicenters

Please name the highest point on the continent of Africa.

Mt. Kilamanjaro Mt. Assal

Encounter Earth Lab #11b - Transform Boundaries, Part B: Imagine two people standing at placemark A and placemark E, looking at each other across the fault. Which of the following statements correctly describes the relative motion of the land opposite each observer?

To both observers, the land opposite them is moving to the right. To both observers, the land opposite them is moving to the left. To the observer at placemark A, the land at placemark E is moving to the right, and to the observer at placemark E, the land at placemark A is moving to the left. To the observer at placemark A, the land at placemark E is moving to the left, and to the observer at placemark E, the land at placemark A is moving to the right.

According to the nebular hypothesis, all of the bodies in the universe evolved from a rotating cloud of gases and dust about 5 billion years ago.

True

According to the rock cycle, any type of rock (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic) may be transformed into another type of rock, given enough time.

True

Lab #1, p. 4, Q#8, part II: What was the average slope of the mountain you just climbed in meters / kilometer?

c. 18.76 m / km d. 0.053 m / mi Response Feedback: incorrect 150.88 m / 8.05 km = 18.76 m/km

Wake Tech Lab #02: Plate Tectonics, p. 7, Q #15: What type of plate boundary is found at ... Sumatra and Java?

convergent ocean-ocean convergent continent-continent Response Feedback: incorrect textbook, p. 357

Which of the following paleoclimatic evidence supports the idea of the late Paleozoic supercontinent in the Southern Hemisphere?

tillites (rocks formed by glaciers) in South Africa and South America thick sediments in the Amazon and Congo deltas of South America and Africa cold water fossils in the deep-water sediments of the South Atlantic abyssal plain

The oldest rocks of the oceanic crust are found in deep ocean trenches far away from active, mid-ocean ridges.

true

The volcanoes of Hawaii are localized above a deep mantle hot spot; they are not part of the East Pacific oceanic ridge.

true