Exam 1

The term "bourgeois" literally means

"of the town"

ALex de Tocqueville referred to the ability of the majority in a democracy to impose its will on everyone else as _____.

"tyranny of the majority"

By definition, groups must be at least ____ people?

2

Here is a series of numbers: 1, 2, 1, 8, 0, 9, 9, 10. What is the standard deviation?

4.1

Which of the following statements about hypothesis testing is true?

A hypothesis may be either accepted or rejected

How do sociologists view the value of culture for the individual?

A person must learn culture in order to know how to behave in their society

Which of these statements is the best description of a variable?

A variable is something that can have more than one value or score

Which of these types of society has the greatest amount of social differentiation?

Agricultural

Which type of society may include an organized system of slavery?

Agricultural

Who wrote Democracy in America?

Alexis de Tocqueville

earlier immigrants to the US were predominantly from Europe, today most come from

Asia and Latin America

Compared to the series of numbers in the preceding question, how would you interpret a score of 8?

Average

The sociologist who introduced the concept of primary groups is ______.

Charles Horton Cooley

according to the perspective of ____, the internalization of societal values in the process of socialization is important because it reinforces power of the ruling class in society

Conflict theory

Which of the following is false in regards to socialization and conformity?

Conformity to social expectations eliminates individuality

Consumption for the sake of displaying one's wealth is called

Conspicuous consumption

Sociologists note that the way society is organized and people's lives within it are the result of social definitions and processes. In other words, sociologists state that our lives are socially _____.

Constructed

Studying the impact of parental prejudice on the attitudes of their child, the child's attitudes are the ______.

Dependent variable

Sociology is a/n _____ discipline, meaning the conclusions are based on systematic observations.

Empirical

from the perspective of conflict theorists, social institutions

Exist to protect the privilege of some members of society over others

According to the text, the problem of the color line described by W.E.B. DuBois:

Extends to the 21st century

Which of the following is an example of a primary group?

Family

Which of the following is not a social institution?

Friends

Variables used in a research project to measure an abstract concept are called ______.

Indicators

Qualitative research is based on _____.

Interpretive Observation

The Chicago School sociologist who was a leader in the settlement house movement and who did systematic research geared toward improving the lives of the dispossessed groups within the city was

Jane Addams

Who wrote that the history of all previous societies is the history of class struggle?

Karl Marx

_____'s work is the basis for conflict theory

Karl Marx

Sociologists who study the large, more complex patterns of social interactions are using ______.

Macroanalysis

Sociologists who study relatively small, less-complex patterns of social interaction are using _____.

Microanalysis

Social scientists and others debate whether humanness naturally occurring or socially created. This is called the _____ debate

Nature-Nurture

The specific cultural expectations for how to behave in a given situation are called _____.

Norms

A researcher who lives among the homeless in an effort to understand their norms is an example of:

Participant observation

Which of these is not generally viewed as a consequence of socialization?

People have the ability to understand the ways in which they are socialized

When sociologists conduct surveys or engage in participant observation they are gathering ______.

Primary data

To study the difference in academic achievement between male and female athletes, one might compare rates of graduation among university students involved in sports. This is an example of

Quantitative

Networks based on _____ are especially important in job networks

Race, class, and gender

Research using the design of a previous study on different group of people or in a different time or place, is called a ____ study.

Replication

The _____ is the overall logic of the research project, included what observational method will be used.

Research design

____ are the expected behaviors associated with a given status in society

Roles

Which theoretical paradigm is most closely related to the feminist perspective?

Social conflict

Within sociology, the social practices by which groups of people and individuals within those groups are brought into conformity with dominant social expectations is called _____.

Social control

Sociologists use the term _____ to describe the order established in social groups at any level of society.

Social design

W.E.B. DuBois was most interested in which of the following?

Social justice

Which of the following is an example of nonmaterial culture?

Table Manners

Durkheim argues that complex societies are held together by the systemic interrelatedness of different tasks. He used the term _______ to refer to this interrelatedness.

The division of labor

What is the relationship between culture and society, from a sociological perspective?

The members of a society share a culture to some extent

In which stage of Mead's theory of child social development do children take on the role of the significant other?

The play stage

Which of the following is true about the meaning of symbols?

They depend on the culture in which they appear

Durkheim, Marx, and Weber have which of the following in common?

They were all macrosociologists

"From each according to their ability, to each according to their need" is a guiding statement of

True communism

According to research, which of the following is most likely to lead to getting a job?

Using a personal network

A researcher is concerned whether a measure gives consistent results is focused on _____.

Validity

Which of the following statements about values is true?

Values provide standards for what is considered desirable and good in a culture

Contemporary feminist scholarship has produced which of the following?

Vital knowledge about women

Who said this about the concept of social marginality? "It is like being gifted with second sight, always looking at oneself through the eyes of others"

W.E.B. DuBois

The division of labor Which of the following reflects a gemeinschaft society?

a small community's tomato festival

Concepts are

abstract ideas that are potentially measurable

In Hegel's dialect, the opposing idea that generates conflict is called:

an antithesis

According to Karl Marx

capitalism is built on the exploitation of workers

The case of Genie, a girl who was isolated for most of her childhood, illustrates that

human beings need social contact for normal development

The guesses that scientists make are called

hypotheses

Mores are

important norms that constrain moral and ethical behavior

Thomas Pettigrew's summary of research on attribution theory found that

individuals commonly distort the motives and acts of people whom they see as out-group members

An out-group is all of these except

is always a secondary group

Emilie Durkheim describes society as sui generis. This means that society

is greater than the sum of its parts; it is an entity of its own

Regardless of where it is found in the world, culture

is shared

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis suggests that:

language provides the categories through which reality is defined

Which of the following is not part of the definition of culture?

language, beliefs, behavior

Robert Merton suggested that human behavior has

manifest functions and latent functions

Research on race and reference groups indicates that

positive representations of ethnic and racial groups raises the self-esteem of children in those groups

According to the sociological imagination, the current high numbers of college graduates moving back in with their families reflects:

social forces impacting private lives

Sociology is defined as

the study of human behavior in society

According to Durkeim, public rituals, including punishment, are important because

they create a bond amond the members of society

In a society where mechanical solidarity exists

unity is based on role differentiation, not similarity

Harriet Martineau was an early sociologist and a British citizen. Her book, Society in America

was overlooked for many years