Exam 1
The term "bourgeois" literally means
"of the town"
ALex de Tocqueville referred to the ability of the majority in a democracy to impose its will on everyone else as _____.
"tyranny of the majority"
By definition, groups must be at least ____ people?
2
Here is a series of numbers: 1, 2, 1, 8, 0, 9, 9, 10. What is the standard deviation?
4.1
Which of the following statements about hypothesis testing is true?
A hypothesis may be either accepted or rejected
How do sociologists view the value of culture for the individual?
A person must learn culture in order to know how to behave in their society
Which of these statements is the best description of a variable?
A variable is something that can have more than one value or score
Which of these types of society has the greatest amount of social differentiation?
Agricultural
Which type of society may include an organized system of slavery?
Agricultural
Who wrote Democracy in America?
Alexis de Tocqueville
earlier immigrants to the US were predominantly from Europe, today most come from
Asia and Latin America
Compared to the series of numbers in the preceding question, how would you interpret a score of 8?
Average
The sociologist who introduced the concept of primary groups is ______.
Charles Horton Cooley
according to the perspective of ____, the internalization of societal values in the process of socialization is important because it reinforces power of the ruling class in society
Conflict theory
Which of the following is false in regards to socialization and conformity?
Conformity to social expectations eliminates individuality
Consumption for the sake of displaying one's wealth is called
Conspicuous consumption
Sociologists note that the way society is organized and people's lives within it are the result of social definitions and processes. In other words, sociologists state that our lives are socially _____.
Constructed
Studying the impact of parental prejudice on the attitudes of their child, the child's attitudes are the ______.
Dependent variable
Sociology is a/n _____ discipline, meaning the conclusions are based on systematic observations.
Empirical
from the perspective of conflict theorists, social institutions
Exist to protect the privilege of some members of society over others
According to the text, the problem of the color line described by W.E.B. DuBois:
Extends to the 21st century
Which of the following is an example of a primary group?
Family
Which of the following is not a social institution?
Friends
Variables used in a research project to measure an abstract concept are called ______.
Indicators
Qualitative research is based on _____.
Interpretive Observation
The Chicago School sociologist who was a leader in the settlement house movement and who did systematic research geared toward improving the lives of the dispossessed groups within the city was
Jane Addams
Who wrote that the history of all previous societies is the history of class struggle?
Karl Marx
_____'s work is the basis for conflict theory
Karl Marx
Sociologists who study the large, more complex patterns of social interactions are using ______.
Macroanalysis
Sociologists who study relatively small, less-complex patterns of social interaction are using _____.
Microanalysis
Social scientists and others debate whether humanness naturally occurring or socially created. This is called the _____ debate
Nature-Nurture
The specific cultural expectations for how to behave in a given situation are called _____.
Norms
A researcher who lives among the homeless in an effort to understand their norms is an example of:
Participant observation
Which of these is not generally viewed as a consequence of socialization?
People have the ability to understand the ways in which they are socialized
When sociologists conduct surveys or engage in participant observation they are gathering ______.
Primary data
To study the difference in academic achievement between male and female athletes, one might compare rates of graduation among university students involved in sports. This is an example of
Quantitative
Networks based on _____ are especially important in job networks
Race, class, and gender
Research using the design of a previous study on different group of people or in a different time or place, is called a ____ study.
Replication
The _____ is the overall logic of the research project, included what observational method will be used.
Research design
____ are the expected behaviors associated with a given status in society
Roles
Which theoretical paradigm is most closely related to the feminist perspective?
Social conflict
Within sociology, the social practices by which groups of people and individuals within those groups are brought into conformity with dominant social expectations is called _____.
Social control
Sociologists use the term _____ to describe the order established in social groups at any level of society.
Social design
W.E.B. DuBois was most interested in which of the following?
Social justice
Which of the following is an example of nonmaterial culture?
Table Manners
Durkheim argues that complex societies are held together by the systemic interrelatedness of different tasks. He used the term _______ to refer to this interrelatedness.
The division of labor
What is the relationship between culture and society, from a sociological perspective?
The members of a society share a culture to some extent
In which stage of Mead's theory of child social development do children take on the role of the significant other?
The play stage
Which of the following is true about the meaning of symbols?
They depend on the culture in which they appear
Durkheim, Marx, and Weber have which of the following in common?
They were all macrosociologists
"From each according to their ability, to each according to their need" is a guiding statement of
True communism
According to research, which of the following is most likely to lead to getting a job?
Using a personal network
A researcher is concerned whether a measure gives consistent results is focused on _____.
Validity
Which of the following statements about values is true?
Values provide standards for what is considered desirable and good in a culture
Contemporary feminist scholarship has produced which of the following?
Vital knowledge about women
Who said this about the concept of social marginality? "It is like being gifted with second sight, always looking at oneself through the eyes of others"
W.E.B. DuBois
The division of labor Which of the following reflects a gemeinschaft society?
a small community's tomato festival
Concepts are
abstract ideas that are potentially measurable
In Hegel's dialect, the opposing idea that generates conflict is called:
an antithesis
According to Karl Marx
capitalism is built on the exploitation of workers
The case of Genie, a girl who was isolated for most of her childhood, illustrates that
human beings need social contact for normal development
The guesses that scientists make are called
hypotheses
Mores are
important norms that constrain moral and ethical behavior
Thomas Pettigrew's summary of research on attribution theory found that
individuals commonly distort the motives and acts of people whom they see as out-group members
An out-group is all of these except
is always a secondary group
Emilie Durkheim describes society as sui generis. This means that society
is greater than the sum of its parts; it is an entity of its own
Regardless of where it is found in the world, culture
is shared
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis suggests that:
language provides the categories through which reality is defined
Which of the following is not part of the definition of culture?
language, beliefs, behavior
Robert Merton suggested that human behavior has
manifest functions and latent functions
Research on race and reference groups indicates that
positive representations of ethnic and racial groups raises the self-esteem of children in those groups
According to the sociological imagination, the current high numbers of college graduates moving back in with their families reflects:
social forces impacting private lives
Sociology is defined as
the study of human behavior in society
According to Durkeim, public rituals, including punishment, are important because
they create a bond amond the members of society
In a society where mechanical solidarity exists
unity is based on role differentiation, not similarity
Harriet Martineau was an early sociologist and a British citizen. Her book, Society in America
was overlooked for many years