exam #1 (chp 1, 2, 3)

microvilli

-used for absorption - increases the surface area of the cell - contain the brush border enzymes of the intestines

sodium has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23. sodium has: - 12 neurons and 11 protons - 12 protons and 11 neurons - 12 electrons and 11 neutrons - 12 protons and 11 electrons - 12 electrons and 11 protons

12 neurons and 11 protons

these are all membranous organelles except - mitochondria - endoplasmic reticulum - ribosomes - the golgi complex - the nucleus

ribosomes

identify the hazards of ionizing radiation: electrolytes

salts that ionize in water and form solutions capable of conducting electricity

the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity are lined by - serous membrane - mucous membrane - the mediastinum - an endothelium - meninges

serous membranes

the right shoulder is _____ and _____ to the umbilical region - inferior, medial - superior, lateral - posterior, lateral - superior, medial - inferior, lateral

superior, lateral

the plural of villus (hair) is _____ whereas the plural of disgnosis is ______ - villuses, diagnosises - villi, diagnoses - villus, diagnosis - villi, diagnosis - villuses, diagnosis

villi, diagnoses

the ____ wrap around stomach, small intestine, and large intestine - pleura - pericardium - meninges - visceral peritoneum - parietal peritoneum

visceral peritoneum

a _____ reaction converts a _____ to its monomers - hydrolysis; polymer - dehydration synthesis; molecule - dehydration synthesis; polymer - polymer; molecule - condensation; reactant

hydrolysis; polymer

in the stable form of protein, the _____ is generally oriented to the interior of the protein molecule - large portion - random portion - hydrophobic portion - hydrophillic portion

hydrophobic portion

______ is the substrate of _____ - glucose; lactose - lactase; glucose - lactose; lactase - galactose; lactose - sucrase; sucrose

lactose; lactase

which of these has the highest h+ concentration? - lemon juice, ph 2.3 - red wine, ph 4.7 -saliva, ph 6.6 - tomato juice, ph 4.7 - house hold ammonia, ph 10.8

lemon juice

cells specialize for absorption and secretion in the small intestine have _____ in the cell membrane - ribosomes - microvilli - mitochondria - cilia - flagella

microvilli

muscle cells contain numerous ______ to serve their high demand for ATP - ribosomes - lysosomes - mitochondria - inclusions - golgi vesicles

mitochondria

the most abundant element in the human body, by weight, is - hydrogen - carbon - calcium - oxygen - nitrogen

oxygen

white blood cells engulf bacteria by means of - receptor-mediated endocytosis - phagocytosis - active transport - cotransport - pinocytosis

phagocytosis

the most abundant molecules in the plasma membrane are _____ - cholesterol molecules - proteins - prostaglandins - phospholipids - gylycolipids

phospholipids

nonmotile "primary" cilia

- used for sensation - location in the inner ear, nasal cavity, and retina as sensory receptors

motile cell

- used to move fluids on outer surface of the cell - utilizes rhythmic movement - utilizes ATP for movement - contains molecular motors

which of these is a cation? select all: - o2 - k+ - na+ - ca2+ - ci-

-k+ - na+ - ca2+

the _____ is an organ directly associated with both the ____ systems - stomach, digestive and reproductive - pancreas, digestive, and endocrine - small intestine, digestive and integumentary - testis, male reproductive and urinary - ovary, female reproductive and lymphatic

-pancreas, digestive, and endocrine

the breakdown of glycogen (an energy storage compound) is an example of an ____ reaction - exergonic - endergonic - exchange - synthesis - equilibrium

exergonic

a molecule of water is more complex than a mitochondrion (organelle) true or false

false

potassium, sodium, and chlorine are trace elements true or false

false

the plane that passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into anterior and posterior portions is called the ____ plane - sagittal - frontal - median - transverse - oblique

frontal

the uniformity of the contraction of the heart is aided by the _____ between the cells - gap junctions - hemidesmosomes - cell adhesion proteins - desmosomes - tight junctions

gap junctions

both the nucleus and the mitochondrion are surrounded by two layers of unit membrane true or false

true

progeseterone has a negative feedback effect on GnRH and LH true or false

true

some channel proteins are always open, while others open and close in response to stimuli true or false

true

the appendix is typically found in the right lower quadrant true or false

true

we can see through bones with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) true or false

true

all of the following are directly involved in translation except - DNA - mRNA - tRNA - rRNA - ribosomes

DNA

identify the correct statement regarding oxidation reactions - oxidation is any chemical reaction in which a molecule gives up electrons and releases energy - in an oxidation reaction, the molecule that takes the electrons in an oxidizing agent - oxidation reactions are exergonic - in an oxidation reaction, electrons may be removed one or two at a time and may be removed in the form of hydrogen atoms (H or H2) - all of choices are correct

all are correct

comprised of microtubules, _____ play an important role in cell division - mitochondria - nucleoli - ribosomes - inclusions - centrioles

centrioles

identify the hazards of ionizing radiation: ions

charged particles with unequal numbers of protons and electrons

identify the hazards of ionizing radiation: free radicals

chemical particles with odd numbers of electrons

identify the hazards of ionizing radiation: antioxidant

chemical that neutralizes free radicals

The ____________ of the cell gives it structural support, determines the shape, and directs the movement of substances through the cell. - cytoskeleton - plasma membrane - smooth ER - golgi complex - nucleus

cytoskeleton

digestive enzymes break down the starch in a potato into thousands of glucose molecules, this exemplifies a _____ reaction - synthesis - decomposition - exchange - anabolic - reductive

decomposition

Blood has a pH ranging from 7.35 to 7.45. Slight deviations from this can cause major problems or even death. You are doing an intense workout, and your skeletal muscle cells are producing metabolic acids such as lactic acid. Your blood pH does not drop significantly in spite of the metabolic acids released into the blood. You maintain a constant blood pH because -metabolic acids are neutralized in muscle cells before being released into the blood. -metabolic bases are produced at the same rate by muscle cells to neutralize the acids. -the respiratory system removes excess H+ from the blood before the pH is lowered. -the body contains chemicals called buffers that resist changes in pH. -endothelial cells secrete excess H+ to prevent a decrease in pH.

the body contains chemicals called buffers that resist changes in pH

which of these processes occurs during a cells first gap phase - dna is replicated - the cell synthesizes proteins and grows - the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes - the cell synthesizes the enzymes that control mitosis - the nuclear envelop breaks down

the cell synthesizes protein and grows

select the statement that accurately describes homeostasis - the body has the ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and maintain relatively stable internal conditions - the loss of homeostatic control can cause illness but cannot cause death - internal conditions are absolutely constant and must not fluctuate within a range - the internal state of the body is best described as a dynamic equilibruim in which there is a certain set point and conditions fluctuate slightly around this point - the first and fourth are correct

the first and fourth are correct

Since there are no genes coding for carbohydrates and lipids, how do cells produce them? - The Golgi complex synthesizes carbohydrates and the endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids. - Cells absorb these products by endocytosis. - The Golgi complex synthesizes lipids and the endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes carbohydrates. - Cells are born with all the products they need. - Cells import these products from older cells.

the golgi complex synthesizes carbohydrates and the endoplasmic reticulum synthesies lipids

cells of the intestinal wall resist leakage of intestinal contents due to _____ - connexons - tight junction - desmosomes - hemidesmosomes - gap junctions

tight junctions

which of the following is not a condition that could result in physiological variables? - sex - physical activity level - age - diet - time of day

time of day

the name of the structure that causes the synthesis of RNA to cease is called the - promoter region - sigma factor - transcription terminator - polymerase - template

transcription terminator

Osmosis can be described as both the diffusion of a liquid from an area of high concentration of that liquid to an area of a low concentration of that liquid, and, as the diffusion of a liquid from a low concentration of solutes to an area of high concentration of solutes. True or false

true

a cell starting prophase has double the DNA content in its nucleus true or false

true