Exam 1 Com 3023

1 being simple to most complex 3, list the 3 communication models

1.action 2.interaction 3.transaction

in the context of communication, small groups contain about

3-20 people

How we explain our perceptions:

Attribution

which of the following are examples of spiritual principles?

I believe in destiny and fate, divine beauty is found in nature

which of the following is a meta communication you might share with your academic advisor if you were thinking about dropping a course?

I dont understand the instructors thick accent

3 factors of interpretation

Personal experience Knowledge Closeness of relationship

why did the officer presume the guilt of 14 year old Santiago venture?

Ventura answered yes to all the officers questions

channel

a pathway for communication

according to research, the single most important predictor of happiness in life is

a successful marriage term-31

physical need

address physical and mental well being

Attribution

an explanation for an observed behavior

noise

anything that interferes with encoding or decoding

noise

anything that interferes with the receiver's ability to pay attention to the message

Most communication researchers agree that communication competence means communicating in ways that are ________ in a given situation.

appropriate and effective

unlike relational communication needs, identity needs

are formed in part by comparing the self to others

if you were in charge of a neighborhood committee meeting, examples of communicating appropriately might include which of the following?

asking your neighbors for advice on the agenda, scheduling the meeting at a time people would be able to attend

Uncertainty avoidance

avoid unpredictable situations

which of the following are ways to be open-minded about cultural differences?

avoiding the urge to judge differences in a negative light and striving to become aware of how your culture is different form another culture

Low-context culture

be direct and say what you mean

interpersonal communication is

between 2 people

which of the following would be valued in collectivistic cultures?

blending in and low comfort level with public speaking

How did the ability to distinguish between people who are similar and different probably help early humans survive?

by helping them to find people with priorities and goals similar to their own

environments that incorporate multiple communication channels at once are called

channel-rich contexts

Feminine culture

cherish traditionally feminine qualities and prefer little differentiation in the roles of women & men

Masculine culture

cherish traditionally masculine values and prefer sex-specific roles for women & men

which of the following is not a characteristic of competent communicators?

cognitive simplicity

channel-lean

com environments involving few channels

Channel-rich

com environments involving many channels

the ability to formulate multiple explanations for a specific situation is called cognitive

complexity

transaction model examples:

conversing with a group of friends at a party, arguing with several family members

the "______" term describes the totality of learned, shared ideas that distinguish one group of people from another.

culture

the difference between intentional and unintentional messages is that intentional are _______ and unintentional messages are unconscious.

deliberate

Primacy effect

emphasize first impression over later impressions

Recency effect

emphasize most recent impression over later impressions

small group

encouraging your basketball teammates before a game

understanding that being different does not make another culture wrong is one way to resist

ethnocentrism

interaction model examples:

exchanging emails with a coworker, engaging in a question and answer session with a speaker

everyone is an expert communicator because we have communicated practically every day of our lives

false

model

formal description of a process

Stereotype

generalization about a group of people that is applied to individual members of the group

The culture you acquire growing up is determined by all the following except

genetic code

a study of doctor-patient consultations found that the more doctors talked, the more likely they were to

get off track and forget about patients problems

a common communication myth is that communication is inherently

good

research has shown that people with strong ties to family and friends are less likely to suffer from which of the following?

high blood pressure, premature death, mental illness

people rely on subtle cues, such as nonverbal behaviors, facial expressions, and the communicative context, to convey meaning in an _______ culture.

high-context

in an ________ culture, people tend not to value ambition, achievement, acquisition of material goods, or assigned gender-specific roles.

highly feminine

Every culture has its own symbols that stand for _______ that are important in that culture

ideas

implicit examples

ignoring incoming text messages when engaging in face to face convo, not cutting in front of the person ahead of you in the checkout lane at a grocery store

relational need

includes companionship, affection, relaxation, and escape

spiritual need

includes the principles and morals people value

decode

interpret or give meaning to a message

Stability

is the cause of the behavior stable or unstable (permanent, semipermanent, changeable)

action model examples :

issuing a company press release, mailing a birthday card

which of the following statements are true of the action model of communication?

it depends on the receiver to decode the message and it assumes a one-way process

which of the following are characteristics of communication?

it has relational implications and literal meaning

which statements about the interaction model of communication are correct?

it treats communication as a two-way process, it includes feedback, it includes context

which of the following are types of communication codes that tend to differ significantly from society to society?

jargon, gestures, and idioms

Ethnocentrism

judging another person's culture as inferior to yours

3 dimensions of attributions

locus, stability, controllability

In the context of communication, which of the following best completes this sentence: because words by themselves are symbols, they have no inherent __________ until someone uses them.

meaning

instrumental need

meets practical, everyday needs

Perceptual schema

mental framework for organizing information Role constructs Interaction constructs Psychological constructs

interpersonal

messaging a friend through his or her facebook profile

a formal description of the process of communication is called a communication

model

a_____ orientation toward time treats time as a valuable commodity, as in "time is money"

monochronic

Ambiguity

more than one meaning, a lack of certainty of what to say or how to act in a social situation

status as a citizen of a particular country is referred to as

nationality

which of the following are examples of mass communication?

newspaper op-ed piece, blogs, radio call-in show

Source

originator

which of the following are true in a collectivistic culture?

people have a responsibility to their family, employers, and their communities.

which of the following is not a major type of noise in the communication process?

physiatristic

context

physical or psychological environment in which communication occurs

identity need

plays a large role in shaping the way individuals see themselves

cultures with a _____ orientation to time, such as Latin American countries, view time as fluid and less structured.

polychronic

Collective culture

primary responsibility is to their families, communities, and employers

interpretation

process of assigning meaning to information that has been selected for attention and organized

norms

rules or expectations that guide people's behavior in a culture

which of the following are common among the action and interaction models of communication but not the transactional model?

separate source and receiver roles and a series of ball-and-forth messages

which of the following are common among the action and interaction modes of communication but not the transaction model?

separate source and receiver roles, a series of back and fourth messages

High-context culture

speak in an indirect way

communicators with low self-awareness who attend a meeting might

speak longer than anyone else

public

speaking at a rally for a political candidate

what characteristics of jargon help members of a co-culture communicate?

specific, accurate, and efficient

Idioms

speech forms or an expressions of a given language that is peculiar to itself grammatically or cannot be understood from the individual meanings of its elements, as in keep tabs on.

which description of a political candidate is least likely to appeal to voters perceptual filters?

stamp collector

What affects our misperception?

stereotype, primacy effect, recency effect

societies are made up of people who necessarily share which of the following in common?

symbols, norms, and values

communication is the process that humans use to exchange info and create meaning by using which of the following?

symbols, signs, behaviors

a recent survey of us employers by the national association of colleges and employers suggests that

teamwork skills rank above communication skills in importance

Reciever

the individual who will decode what is being communicated

source

the individual who wishes to communicate a thought

message

the verbal and non verbal elements of communication

which of the following statements about gestures are true?

they are usually movements of the hand or the arm, and they are used to express ideas

which of the following statements are true of competent communicators?

they have practiced their craft, many have been taught communication skills

Monochronic culture

time is finite; commodity

Polychronic culture

time is holistic, fluid, finite

which context issue is least likely to affect your ability to talk about a sensitive topic?

time of day

mass communication involves transmitting messages

to a large audience

encode

to put an idea into language or gesture

Definition of culture

totality of learned, shared symbols, language, values, & norms that distinguish one group of people from another

which of the following are elements of effective communication?

understanding unique cultural expectations, using more than one communication strategy to reach your communication goals, selecting a strategy for reaching your communication goals, identifying your communication goals

explicit examples

university policy against hate speech, directing a shushing sound toward someone to request that he or she be quiet

culturally aware communicators know when they need to code-switch, or shift between

using jargon and plain language

a cultural judge goodness, desirability, or beauty through

values

co-cultural groups often arise through an interest in shared _______, such as environmentalism or preservation of history.

values

ambiguity is part of intercultural communication, and it offers a chance to learn which of the following about a different culture?

values and tradition

which of the following are often adopted by co-cultures to distinguish their members from outsiders?

values, norms, language

message

verbal & nonverbal elements of com to which people give meaning

feedback

verbal & nonverbal responses to a message

which of the following are characteristics of feedback?

verbal responses, nonverbal reactions

according to hosted and hall, which of the following are cultural differences that influence how people communicate with each other?

views about masculinity and femininity, uncertainty avoidance. emphasis placed on individuals versus groups, and power distance

locus

where the cause of the behavior is located, whether inside or outside of us

controllability

you make a controllable attribution for someone's behavior when you believe the cause of the behavior was under that persons control

3 models in book:

Action model (one-way process) Interaction model (two-way process) Transaction model (two-way; simultaneous; conversation)

which of the following statements about the transaction models are true?

It sees conversations as simultaneous 2 way flows, it treats conversation participants as both sources and receivers

which of the following countries have collectivist cultures?

Japan and Korea

Definition of communication

The process by which people use signs, symbols, and behaviors to exchange information and create meaning.

Individualistic culture

a culture which people believe that their primary responsibility is to themselves

Johari window (4 windows)

a visual representation of the self as composed of 4 separate parts using open area (what you know and choose to reveal to others), hidden area (what you know about yourself but choose to not reveal), blind area (what others know about you but you don't recognize yourself), and unknown (the dimensions of yourself that no one knows.)

which of the following is a value of individualistic cultures?

being oneself

which of the following help people communicate with cultural awareness?

being open-minded, being able to adapt to others, knowing different communication codes

High-power-distance culture

certain groups have much greater power than the average citizen (hierarchy)

Low-power-distance culture

no one person or group should have excessive power (egalitarian)

receiver

party who interprets a message

channel

pathway through which message is conveyed

organization

process of categorizing information that has been selected for attention

Perception

process of making meaning from environmental experiences

selection

process of paying attention to a certain stimulus

communicating to an audience that is larger than a small group, such as at a graduation ceremony, is called _______ communication.

public

mass

publishing an article in the New York times

intrapersonal

rehearsing in your mind how you will request an assignmenterm-31t extension

confusion that results from the multiple meanings of the term boot in British and English demonstrates

the arbitrary nature of language