Exam 1 computer concepts quiz 1 chapter 1

what is the purpose of a complier

1) translating application programs into system programs 2) translating high-level language into machine language 3) translating FORTRAN and COBOL 4) translating machine language into assembly language 5) translating machine language into FORTRAN

which decade was the first generation of computers developed

1950s

miller's law states that a human being can actively manage about _____ plus or minus two pieces of information in short-term memory at one time

7

how many pieces of information can a human being actively manage in short term memory at once?

7 +- 2

The ____ programming language was designed by Sun Microsystems in the 1990s

Java

a(n) ______ is a mental model that removes complex details

abstraction

which of the following phrases best describes a turing machine

an abstract mathematical model of computing

charles babbage invented which early computing device

analytical engine

steve wozniak and steve jobs started the ____ computer company in the fourth generation of computing hardware

apple

_____ language created a buffer between the programmer and the machine hardware by the end of the first generation of computer software

assembly

______ language created a buffer between the programmer and the machine hardware by the end of the first generation of computer software

assembly

which language is built into the electrical circuitry of a computer

assembly language

who designed the first mechanical machine that included memory

babbage

in the earliest electronic computers, programmers had to write machine language code expressed as ____ digits

binary

in the earliest electronic computers, programmers had to write machine language code expressed as _____ digits

binary

who was ada lovelace's father

byron

_____ is considered by many to be the first all-programmable electronic digital computer

colossus

a(n) _____ system uses integrated computing technology to run or regulate devices such as toasters, cars, and satellites

embedded

in 1973, robert metcalfe and david boggs invented ______, which used a cheap coaxial cable to connect computers into a network

ethernet

A computer with a parallel architecture uses multiple transistors to solve a problem

false

A vacuum tube was a device used in the first generation of computers to link computers together into a network

false

an embedded system describes computing technology that has been enclosed in protective shielding for security reasons

false

large-scale integration is the process of using multiple input devices on a single computer

false

the abacus was the world's first electronic digital computer

false

the most prestigious award given in computer science is called the fields medal

false

the topic areas in the 1989 computer science curriculum model are the same as those in the 2001 model

false

to which software generation does HTML for the web belong

fifth

to which software generation does java belong

fifth

to which hardware generation do magnetic tape drives belong

first

to which hardware generation does magnetic drum belong to

first

to which software generation do assemblers belong

first

to which hardware generation does networking belong

fourth

to which hardware generation does parallel computing belong

fourth

to which hardware generation does personal computers belong to

fourth

to which software generation do spreadsheet belong

fourth

to which software generation does C++ belong

fourth

to which software generation does PC-DOS belong

fourth

to which software generation does structured programming belong

fourth

information ____ is a technique for isolating program pieces by eliminating the ability for one piece to access information in another

hiding

information ______ is a technique for isolating program pieces by eliminating the ability for one piece to access information in another

hiding

FORTRAN and COBOL are two of the earliest ______ programming languages

high-level

who is associated with IBM

hollerith

who developed the concept of punched holes used in weaving cloth

jacquard

the eighteenth-century device that used cards with holes punched in them to dictate the design of woven cloth was known as_____

jacquard's loom

who built the first mechanical machine that did addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division

leibniz

who edited babbage's work

lovelace

who is considered the first programmer

lovelace

the set of instructions that each type of computer is designed to understand is called _____ language

machine

which of the following are tiny doughnut-shaped devices that could each store one bit of information in second-generation computer memory

magnetic cores

by what name are input devices, output devices, and auxiliary storage devices collectively known

peripheral devices

a computer with a parallel architecture uses multiple central _____ units to solve a problem

processing

in which software generation were the FORTRAN and COBOL languages developed

second

to which hardware generation does magnetic core memory belong to

second

to which software generation does lisp belong to

second

time _____ sharing allows many users at different terminals to communicate with a single computer at the same time

sharing

_____ has been considered an astronomical calendar, a temple, and a predictor of lunar eclipses

stonehenge

the computer's operating system and language translators are generally known as ____ software

systems

to which hardware generation do circuit boards belong

third

to which software generation do loaders/linkers bundled into operating system belong

third

to which software generation do operating systems belong

third

to which software generation does SPSS belong

third

to which software generation does time sharing belong

third

John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William B. Shockley won a nobel prize for inventing the _____

transistor

what device replaced vacuum tube

transistor

what is the purpose of a complier

translating high-level language into machine language

a computer that has parallel architecture uses multiple central processing units

true

a high-level language is more english-like than assembly language

true

a systems programmer writes programs that make it easier for others to program

true

ada augusta, countess of lovelace, is credited with being the first programmer

true

an abstraction is a mental model that removes or hides complex details

true

an algorithm allows us to develop and express solutions to problems

true

an assembler translates assembly-language programs into machine code

true

computer software is a collection of programs that provides instructions that a computer carries out

true

magnetic disks were introduced in the second generation of computer hardware

true

object-oriented design is currently the dominant approach for large programming projects

true

spreadsheets and word processors are known as software applications

true

the fourth generation of computer hardware was characterized by large-scale integration

true

the internet developed from a U.S. government-sponsored network called ARPANET

true

the personal computer was introduced in the fourth generation of computer software

true

the transistor ushered in the second generation of commercial computers

true

the most prestigious award given in computer science is called the _____ award

turing

who would have been mentioned in the book the code breakers

turing

first generation computers were built using _____ tubes to store information

vacuum

which of the following is an application package assembly language word processor c++ object oriented program FORTRAN

word processor