EXAM 1 FINAL

Which has the greater concentration of hydrogen ions, a substance with a pH of 5 or a substance with a pH of 4? A pH of 5 is greater. A pH of 4 is greater. pH 9, if you mixed the solutions. They are both equal; 4 and 5 are relative values. Neither; pH has nothing to do with hydrogen ion concentration.

A pH of 4 is greater.

_______ are soluble inorganic compounds whose solutions will conduct an electric current. Proteins Ions Electrolytes Enzymes Lipids

Electrolytes

An anatomical term that means the same as "ventral" is anterior. abdominal. superior. posterior. inferior.

anterior.

Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells? cardiovascular urinary respiratory muscular digestive

cardiovascular

The reaction A + B + energy → AB is an example of a(n) decomposition reaction. equilibrium reaction. exchange reaction. exergonic reaction. endergonic reaction.

endergonic reaction.

Which of the following is a chemical messenger coordinating local cellular activities? leukotrienes lauric acid Cholesterol lecithin diglycerides

leukotrienes

Which cellular structure is responsible for cell autolysis? Golgi apparatus smooth endoplasmic reticulum centrioles lysosome rough endoplasmic reticulum

lysosome

A solution containing equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is acidic. alkaline. basic. neutral. in equilibrium.

neutral.

The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear envelope. nucleolus. nucleosomes. nucleoplasm. nuclear matrix.

nuclear envelope.

Molecules that store and process genetic information are carbohydrates. proteins. steroids. nucleic acids. lipids.

nucleic acids.

What is the individual subunit of nucleic acid called? deoxyribonucleic acid ribonucleic acid purine pyrimidine nucleotide

nucleotide

Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest? tissue, cellular, molecular, organ, system, organism molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism organ, organism, molecular, cellular, tissue, system cellular, tissue, molecular, system, organ, organism organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular

organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular

Which of the following is a result of convoluted coiling and folding that grants protein its final three-dimensional shape? secondary structure pentagonal tertiary structure quaternary structure primary structure

tertiary structure

Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n) ________ that detects a particular stimulus, and a(n) ________ that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n) ________ whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus. effector; control center (integrating center); receptor effector; receptor; control center (integrating center) receptor; control center (integrating center); effector receptor; effector; control center (integrating center) control center (integrating center); receptor; effector

receptor; control center (integrating center); effector

The maximum rate of an enzyme reaction occurs at dehydration. reversible. synthesis. hydrolysis. saturation limit.

saturation limit.

Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation? endocrine nervous integumentary skeletal muscular

skeletal

A(n) ________ is a homogeneous mixture containing a solvent and a solute. concoction blend organic molecule inorganic molecule solution

solution

Which of the following are large polysaccharides and major dietary source of energy? maltose lactose starch sucrose fructose

starch

Which of the following is a structural component of hormones? monoglycerides phospholipids prostaglandins lauric acid steroids

steriods

________ are large lipid molecules with distinctive carbon-ring frameworks. Steroids Phospholipids Eicosanoids Glycolipids Micelles

steriods

Anatomy is to ________ as physiology is to ________. structure; function form; structure growth; form structure; form function; form

structure; function

AB → A + B is to decomposition as A + B → AB is to exchange. combustion. synthesis. metabolism. replacement.

synthesis.

Amino acids are transferred to the ribosome to be incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain by DNA. mDNA. mRNA. rRNA. tRNA.

tRNA

Hydrophilic molecules readily associate with lipid molecules. both lipid molecules and hydrophobic molecules. water molecules. hydrophobic molecules. cholesterol.

water molecules.

In Figure 3-1, which molecule is a combination of a sugar and a lipid? 1 2 3 5 6

1

AMP + P → ADP. 2ADP. ATP. adenine. DNA.

ADP

________ is the study of tissue structures. Histology Microbiology Gross anatomy Pathology Biology

Histology

Which of the following is correct regarding cytoplasm? It is the solid component of the cell. It contains cytosol and organelles. Cytoplasm is also called interstitial fluid. It contains less proteins than does extracellular fluid. It is located between the cells.

It contains cytosol and organelles.

________ are permanent alterations in a cell's DNA that affect the nucleotide sequence of one or more genes. Transcriptions Translations Gene activations Metastases Mutations

Mutations

When a small amount of HCl or NaOH is added to a solution of Na2HPO4, the pH of the solution barely changes. Based on these observations, all of the following are true concerning the compound Na2HPO4 except Na2HPO4 adsorbs excess H+ and OH- directly onto the surface of its crystalline structure. Na2HPO4 is able to donate hydrogen ions to the OH- from NaOH. Na2HPO4 is able to accept extra hydrogen ions from the HCl. Na2HPO4 is a salt formed from reacting a strong base with a weak acid. Na2HPO4 acts as a buffer.

Na2HPO4 adsorbs excess H+ and OH- directly onto the surface of its crystalline structure.

________ are short-chain fatty acids in which five of the carbon atoms are joined in a ring. Glycolipids Cholesterol Prostaglandins Testosterone Estrogen

Prostaglandins

Which of the following is correct regarding enzymes? They bind to the active site of substrates. They are released during cellular injury. They slow down cellular reactions. They are organic catalysts and are made of proteins. They are made of lipids.

They are organic catalysts and are made of proteins.

When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis, a starch is formed. a polysaccharide is formed. two new monosaccharides are formed. a disaccharide is formed. All of the answers are correct.

a disaccharide is formed.

Every amino acid has a central carbon atom to which all of the followings are attached except an amino group. a hydrogen atom. a variable side group labeled as R. a carboxyl group. a phosphate group.

a phosphate group.

Which of the following membrane transport mechanisms is not directly a passive process? secondary active transport diffusion active transport facilitated diffusion osmosis

active transport

A process that requires cellular energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called osmosis. diffusion. active transport. facilitated transport. passive transport.

active transport.

Adenosine is formed by combining adenine and phosphate group. adenine and ribose. adenine, ribose, and a phosphate group. adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups. ribose and a phosphate group.

adenine and ribose.

If a substance has a pH that is greater than 7, it is neutral. acidic. a buffer. alkaline. a salt.

alkaline.

An excess of hydrogen ions in the body fluids can have fatal results because this can block ion movements. change the shape of large complex molecules, rendering them nonfunctional. disrupt tissue functions. All of the answers are correct. None of the answers is correct.

all of the answers are correct.

Anchoring proteins attach the plasma membrane to other structures in the cell. transport solutes across plasma membrane. are detected by immune cells. have enzymatic functions. permit the passage of water and small solutes.

attach the plasma membrane to other structures in the cell.

Which type of cells recycle the calcium and phosphate stored there? blood cells muscle cells nervous cells bone cells fat cells

bone cells

The integrating center for the negative feedback loop that regulates body temperature is the thermostat. brain. positive feedback center. skin. temperature receptor.

brain.

In the body, inorganic compounds can make up proteins. are all very large. can serve as buffers. can make up lipids. are structural components of cells.

can serve as buffers.

Some cells contain large numbers of mitochondria while others have relatively few or none. This suggests that some cells are older than others. cells with small numbers of mitochondria have a large ATP supply. cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a high energy demand. cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a low energy demand. cells with large numbers of mitochondria are short-lived.

cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a high energy demand.

The cylindrical shaped organelle with nine groups of microtubule triplets is called thick filaments. microfilaments. cilia. microsomes. centrioles.

centrioles.

The complex structures of DNA and protein found in the cell nucleus are nucleoplasm. mitochondria. chromosomes. histones. nucleases.

chromosomes.

Which one of the following is an extension of plasma membrane? microfilaments centromeres centrioles cilia microtubules

cilia

The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of filtration. osmosis. diffusion. facilitated transport. active transport.

diffusion

Gas exchange is to the respiratory system as absorption of nutrients is to the ________ system(s). urinary cardiovascular lymphatic digestive urinary and cardiovascular

digestive

Before the mRNA transcribed from a gene can be used to translate into a protein, it must be edited to remove introns. edited to remove exons. transported into the cytoplasm. edited to remove introns and transported into the cytoplasm. edited to remove exons and transported into the cytoplasm.

edited to remove introns and transported into the cytoplasm.

During ionization, water molecules disrupt the ionic bonds of a salt to produce a mixture of ions. These ions can carry a current and so are called anions. electrolytes. cations. counter ions. acids.

electrolytes.

A(n) ________ is a pure substance composed of atoms. molecule neutron electron element compound

element

If an animal cell lacked centrioles, it would not be able to form the mitotic spindle. synthesize proteins. metabolize sugars. move. produce DNA.

form the mitotic spindle.

Because the anatomy and physiology of the body's structures are interrelated, it is often said that "form determines ________." physiology function biology anatomy structure

function

A polysaccharide that is formed in muscle cells to store glucose is fructose. sucrose. lactose. glycogen. cellulose.

glycogen.

A carbohydrate is attached to a diglyceride in which type of lipid? leukotrienes steroids glycolipids prostaglandins phospholipids

glycolipids

Hemolysis may occur when a blood cell is placed into a(n) ________ solution. hypertonic hypotonic merotonic homotonic isotonic

hypotonic

The stage in a cell's life cycle in which the cell performs its normal functions and prepares for division is called prophase. interphase. telophase. anaphase. metaphase.

interphase.

All of the following are correct regarding RNA except it makes protein as directed by DNA. it contains ribose sugar. molecular shape varies with hydrogen bonding along the length of the strand. it contains a double helix. the nitrogenous base is made of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.

it contains a double helix.

Which of the following organs is located between the peritoneum and the body wall? urinary bladder large intestine stomach spleen kidney

kidney

The common name for the patellar region is the ear. neck hand. breast. kneecap.

kneecap

Which of the following cell types is long, slender and makes contractions? bone cells white blood cells muscle cells fat cells red blood cells

muscle cells

Which pH is closest to normal blood pH? pH 2 pH 3 pH 7 pH 8 pH 4

pH 7

Which of the following terms refers to the foot? cervical brachial femoral antebrachial pedal

pedal

The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the following except the pelvic quadrant. left lower quadrant (LLQ). right lower quadrant (RLQ). left upper quadrant (LUQ). right upper quadrant (RUQ).

pelvic quadrant.

The ________ of a membrane indicates how easy it is for substances to cross. sensitivity isolation mosaic permeability bilayer

permeability

Which form of endoplasmic reticulum modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins? rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following consists of a network of intracellular membranes with attached ribosomes? Golgi apparatus rough endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria nucleoli smooth endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum

The structure of RNA differs from DNA in that RNA contains pyrimidines but not purines. RNA contains purines but not pyrimidines. DNA contains pyrimidines but not purines. DNA contains purines but not pyrimidines. the backbone of RNA contains ribose.

the backbone of RNA contains ribose.

The pyrimidine bases found in DNA are ________ and ________. adenine; guanine thymine; cytosine cytosine; guanine thymine; guanine adenine; cytosine

thymine; cytosine

What is the term for tRNA? transfer ribosomal nucleic acid triplet ribosomal nucleic acid triplet ribonucleic acid transfer ribonucleic acid thymine ribosomal nucleic acid

transfer ribonucleic acid