Exam 1 MICROBIOLOGY
Definition of a pathogen.
A microorganism that causes disease
Definition of sterile
Absence of all living microorganisms, including spores.
What is a contaminated culture?
A culture that was once pure or mixed that now contains contaminants, or unwanted microbes of uncertain identity
What is aseptic technique?
A procedure used by medical staff to prevent the spread of infection
What factor makes archaea unique?
Archaea live in extreme environments, do not tend to effect humans.
What is nomenclature?
Assigning scientific names to individual microorganisms
What is the difference between bacteria and a helminth.
BACTERIA: Unicellular HELMITH: Multicellualr
What general temp range do most microbe grow between?
Between 20 C and 45 C
What is average time to culture microbe?
Between a day - 28 days.
Quick signs to check if a microbe grew post-incubation?
Colony/Color change/Growth.
How do complex and defined media differ in ingredient composition?
Complex: Materials of biological origins (blood, milk, yeast extract). Defined: Pure biochemicals.
Definition of media?
Container of nutrients used in inoculation. Supports bacteria growth.
How does carbohydrate fermentation lend itself to differential media?
Contains sugars that can be fermented, converted to acids, and contain a PH indicator to show color change reactions.
Definition of Recombinant DNA technology
Enzymes and various laboratory techniques to manipulate and isolate DNA segments of interest
5 i's
Inoculation Incubation Isolation Inspection Identification
LUCA
Last Universal Common Ancestor
What is the germ theory of disease?
Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch discovered that certain diseases are caused by the invasion of the body by microorganisms
Definition of ubiquitous
Microorganisms are ubiquitous. Microorganisms are EVERYWHERE.
What is the theory of spontaneous generation?
Microorganisms can arise from non-living matter
What are some reasons why mother died post childbirth at hospitals vs home birth with midwives pre 1900s?
Midwives washed their hands, doctors did not.
What is Classification?
Orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy of categories
How do bacteria keep the earth in balance?
Recycling of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Definition of an Inoculum?
Sample used in inoculation.
Compare/Contrast selective and differential media.
Selective: Contains ingredients that SELECT the growth of a certain microbe. Differential: Allows multiple types of microbes to grow, but shows the DIFFERENCE between each one.
When would you want to use selective and differential media?
Selective: Looking for something specific. Differential: Looking for anything.
What invention helped disproved the theory of spontaneous generation?
Swan neck flask
Definition of genetic engineering
Technique used to transfer genes from one organism to another.
What is controlled during incubation?
Temperature, oxygen, and carbon dioxide content.
How do bacteria and archaea differ from eukaryotes?
The way their DNA is packaged. Bacteria/Archaea- nuclear material floats free. (No nucleus) Eukaryotes- Have a membrane around their DNA (Nucleus)
What is the Binominal Naming System?
Two terms, where, the first term indicates the genus and the second term indicates the species of the organism
Definition of biotechnology
When humans manipulate microorganisms to make products in an industrial setting.
Which population group is more likely to be affected by a pathogen?
YOPI Young Old Pregnant Immunosuppressed