Exam 1 Review

Prokaryotes lack membrane enclosed organelles. A. True B. False

A. True

Antibiotics are: A. antibacterial compounds produced by microorganisms. B. antibacterial compounds produced synthetically from inorganic compounds. C. compounds that kill a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. D. compounds that are produced by bacteria, which effectively kill eukaryotic microorganisms.

A. antibacterial compounds produced by microorganisms.

The two major groups of prokaryotes are the: A. bacteria and archaea. B. bacteria and protozoa. C. protozoa and algae. D. protozoa and fungi.

A. bacteria and archaea

Bacteria: A. have prokaryotic cells. B. have eukaryotic cells. C. are acellular. D. have a nuclear membrane surrounding their genetic material.

A. have prokaryotic cells.

If two species arose from a common ancestor relatively recently: A. there will be relatively few differences in their DNA. B. there will be a large number of differences in their DNA. C. they will have a relatively large number of different mutations. D. It will be impossible to determine their relationship to each other.

A. there will be relatively few differences in their DNA.

_________ ________ is used to prevent light from bending

Oil immersion

___________ is the ability of the lenses to distinguish two points.

Resolution

Prokaryotes can divide by binary fission. A. True B. False

A. True

Microorganisms can be genetically engineered to produce economically important products such as enzymes and hormones A. True B. False

A. True

Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. A family is a group of closely related genera. B. A genus is a group of closely related orders. C. A phylum is a group of closely related species. D. A class is a group of closely related kingdoms

A. A family is a group of closely related genera.

Which of the following is NOT true about bacterial endospores? A. All bacteria can sporulate B. Endospores can resist bad environments C. Endospores germinate in favorable environments D. Clostridium species can form endospores

A. All bacteria can sporulate

Which of the following groups of organisms contains members better known for transmitting agents of disease than for causing disease themselves? A. Arthropods B. Protozoa C. Fungi D. Helminthes

A. Arthropods

Which of the following is an accurate description of the phospholipid bilayer in the plasma membrane? A. Phosphate groups on the phospholipids are projected out on both sides of the bilayer. B. Phosphate groups on the phospholipids are projected in towards the interior of the bilayer. C. Phosphate groups on the phospholipids move back and forth between the surface and the interior of the membrane. D. Each phospholipid is covalently bound to other adjacent phospholipids in the membrane.

A. Phosphate groups on the phospholipids are projected out on both sides of the bilayer.

Which would be chains of round cells? A. Streptococcus B. Staphylococcus C. Bacillus

A. Streptococcus

Electron microscope are needed to visualize viruses A. True B. False

A. True

Eukaryotes sometimes lack cell walls. A. True B. False

A. True

Microorganisms are nearly ubiquitous(found everywhere) in the enviornment A. True B. False

A. True

The maximum magnification using a light microscope is? A. 10,000x B. 1,000x C. 100x

B. 1,000x

You want to know if a bacteria has a capsule. What do you use to identify it? A. A flagella stain B. A negative stain C. Simple stain

B. A negative stain

Where is a basal body found? A. In cell wall B. At base of flagella C. In nuclear area

B. At base of flagella

Most microorganisms cause disease in humans A. True B. False

B. False

Uncapsulated bacteria are the most dangerous. A. True B. False

B. False

Which of the following is true of the Gram stain process? A. Alcohol removes Crystal Violet from gram negative bacteria B. Iodine is the mordant C. Safranin is red D. Gram positive bacteria will turn pink

B. Iodine is the mordant

Which of the following names for bacterial shape and its associated description is correct? A. Streptococci—chains of rod-shaped bacteria B. Staphylococci—clusters of spherical bacteria C. Diplococci—pairs of cells composed of two rod-shaped bacteria D. Streptobacilli—chains of spherical bacteria

B. Staphylococci—clusters of spherical bacteria

Which of the following is NOT true of archae? A. They are prokaryotes B. They have peptidoglycan in their cell walls C. They live in extreme environments

B. They have peptidoglycan in their cell walls

Prion diseases are thought to be caused by: A. an unusual group of viruses. B. abnormal proteins that force normal proteins to fold up incorrectly. C. an unusual group of bacteria. D. an unusual group of protozoa.

B. abnormal proteins that force normal proteins to fold up incorrectly.

Viruses: A. are composed of cells. B. are capable of replication. C. do not have their own genetic information. D. are infectious proteins.

B. are capable of replication

A virus has a protein coat consisting of 20 units, all in the shape of equilateral triangles. It also has a phospholipid bilayer surrounding the protein coat. It would therefore be described as: A. iscosahedral and non-enveloped. B. icosahedral and enveloped. C. helical and non-enveloped. D. helical and enveloped.

B. icosahedral and enveloped.

The structures in cells that serve as the site of protein assembly are called: A. plasmids. B. ribosomes. C. endospores. D. inclusion bodies.

B. ribosomes

What information is not found from a Gram stain process? A. Cell wall structure B. Ease of treatment with antibiotics C. Flagella arrangement D. Shape

C. Flagella arrangement

Which is a correct term for the domain of life? A.Prokaryote B.Fungi C. Archaea D. Animal

C. Archaea

Who am I? I am a single cell and have no nucleus. A. Fungus B. Protista C. Bacteria

C. Bacteria

Which of the following molecules can serve as endotoxin? A. Peptidoglycan B. Porin proteins C. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide D. Plasma membrane lipids

C. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide

What are short attachment pili called? A. Vegetative Cells B. Sex pili C. Fimbriae D. Flagella

C. Fimbriae

IN bacteria, DNA is found where? A. In a nucleus B. In ribosomes C. In the nuclear area

C. In the nuclear area

Microbiology is the study of microorganisms which include all of the following except A. Bacteria B. Viruses C. Plants D. Protozoa

C. Plants

This is the proper order for preparing smears: A. Fix - stain - smear - view B. Stain - smear - fix - view C. Smear - fix - stain - view D. View - stain - smear - fix

C. Smear - fix - stain - view

A rod-shaped bacteria in chains would be called: A. Sterptococci B. Diplocacilli C. Streptobacilli

C. Streptobacilli

In an enveloped virus, what factor determines whether the virus will attach to a host cell? A. The ability of capsid proteins to bind to proteins on the surface of host cells B. The ability of the phospholipid envelope to bind to proteins on the surface of host cells C. The ability of the glycoproteins to bind to proteins on the surface of host cells

C. The ability of the glycoproteins to bind to proteins on the surface of host cells

Which is NOT true of bacteria? A. They are prokaryotes B. They have peptidoglycan in their cell walls C. They have a nucleus D. Some use photosynthesis

C. They have a nucleus

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic organisms is TRUE? A. They are all unicellular. B. They are all multicellular. C. They may be unicellular or multicellular.

C. They may be unicellular or multicellular.

Comparison of rRNA of between bacteria and archaea suggests that: A. bacteria and archaea are more closely related to each other, than either is to eukaryotic organisms. B. bacteria are more closely related to eukaryotes than they are to archaea. C. archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes than they are to bacteria. D. bacteria are the direct descendents of archaea.

C. archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes than they are to bacteria.

Viral infections in which the cell remains infected, but there is no immediate production of viral progeny, are called: A. acute infections. B. chronic infections. C. latent infections.

C. latent infections.

Microbes must be prepared for viewing under a light microscope because they appear __________ under a standard microscope.

Colorless

A pure culture refers to? A. A culture containing bacteria that all have the same shape B. A culture which has never been used to inoculate a patient C. A culture which causes only a single disease D. A culture which contains only a single type of organism

D. A culture which contains only a single type of organism

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of an acute disease? A. Rapid replication of the disease-causing organism B. Rapid onset of symptoms C. Results in the death of the host or the development of immunity D. A large and susceptible host population is not required

D. A large and susceptible host population is not required

Which eukaryotic cells have cell walls exterior to the cell membrane? A. Algae cells only B. Fungal cells only C. Algae, fungal, and animal cells D. Algae and fungal cells

D. Algae and fungal cells

Which of the following accurately describes the steps in the replication of an animal virus? A. Attachment→uncoating→penetration→assembly→synthesis→release B. Attachment→synthesis→assembly→uncoating→penetration→release C. Attachment→uncoating→synthesis→assembly→penetration→release D. Attachment→penetration→uncoating→synthesis→assembly→release

D. Attachment→penetration→uncoating→synthesis→assembly→release

The three domains of life are: A. Animals, Plants and Monera. B. Eukaryotes, Prokaryotes and Viruses. C. Multicellular Eukaryotes, Unicellular Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes. D. Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya.

D. Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya.

"Escherichia coli" is the name of an important type of bacteria. Which of the following shows the name of this organism in proper form? A. escherichia coli B. Escherichia Coli C. escherichia Coli D. Escherichia coli

D. Escherichia coli

Microorganisms are found A. In and on the bodies of warm blooded mammals B. In soil C. In air D. Microorganisms are found in all of the above places

D. Microorganisms are found in all of the above places

What separates the outer plasma membrane from the peptidoglycan layer in gram negative cell walls? A. Lipid A B. Lipopolysaccharide layer (LPS layer) C. Fimbriae D. Periplasmic space E. Dipicolinate acid

D. Periplasmic space

Which of the following is NOT true of microorganisms? A. They produce antibiotics B. They are used in production of many types of food and beverages C. They decompose dead organisms D. They all cause disease in humans

D. They all cause disease in humans

In an acid-fast stain: A. Gram-negative bacteria can be distinguished from Gram-positive and acid-fast bacteria. B. Gram-positive bacteria can be distinguished from Gram-negative and acid-fast bacteria. C. Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and acid-fast bacteria can all be distinguished from each other. D. acid-fast bacteria can be distinguished from non acid-fast bacteria.

D. acid-fast bacteria can be distinguished from non acid-fast bacteria.

All viral particles: A. contain both DNA and RNA. B. contain DNA only. C. contain RNA only. D. contain either DNA or RNA

D. contain either DNA or RNA

In eukaryotic cells, cilia are used to: A. help the cell adhere to surfaces. B. promote stability of the plasma membrane. C. assist in the transport of materials across the plasma membrane. D. facilitate movement of the cell.

D. facilitate movement of the cell.

Organelles are: A. small structures found in viruses. B. found only in multicellular organisms. C. found only in unicellular organisms. D. found only in eukaryotic cells.

D. found only in eukaryotic cells.

Archaea One: are microscopic Two: are commonly found in extreme environment Three: contain peptidoglycan Four: contain mitochondria Five: are most commonly found in the soil a. One and Two b. Two and Three c. Three and Four d. Four and Five e. One and Five

a. One and Two

Sterilization is the process of removing all microorganisms and viruses either in or on a product; whereas, some viable organisms can persist after disinfection. a. true b. false

a. true

The flagellum consist of a filament, hook, and basal body. The filament extends into the exterior environment. a. true b. false

a. true

Some microorganism are able to synthesize substances called __________, which inhibit the growth of other microorganisms

antibiotics

E. coli, a facultative anaerobe, is grown for 24 hours on the same solid medium, but under two different conditions: one aerobic, the other anaerobic. The size of the colonies would be a. the same under both conditions b. larger when grown under aerobic conditions c. larger when grown under anaerobic conditions

b. larger when grown under aerobic conditions

Contains NO nucleic acid a. virus b. prion c. viroid d. bacteria e. fungi

b. prion

As cell size increases: A. metabolic efficiency increases. B. the surface to volume ratio increases. C. cells become increasingly better at transporting material across the plasma membrane. D. cells typically replicate at a slower rate.

d. cells typically replicate at a slower rate

Gram _______ bacteria are more resistant to antibiotics.

negative

Staining the background instead of the cell is called __________ staining.

negative

Cells or viruses that cause disease are said to be _________

pathogenic

Gram ________ bacteria tend to be killed by penicillin and detergents

positive

A thin film of a solution of microbes on a slide is a ______

smear

Coloring the microbe such that certain intracellular organelles can be seen is known as _________.

staining