Exam 2

The landmark salsa recording, __________, released in 1978, was a collaboration between Willie Colón and Ruben Blades.

"Siembra"

Swing music gets its name from the interaction of the ___________________ rhythms with _______________________ melodic riffs.

4-beat, syncopated

From the mid-1920's up to the rock era, most popular songs were composed in verse/chorus form and the choruses were usually in _______________ form

AABA

Two fundamental instruments of early Tejano music included the ___________ and the bajo sexto.

Accordion

______________________ music is the source of Latin music

African

During the swing era, which big-band leader (known as the "King of Swing") did the most to break down the color barrier among musicians and American life? ______________________.

Benny Goodman

When _______________________ sang, it was as if she allowed the audience to see into her heart and soul. Her main musical influences were Bessie Smith and Louis Armstrong.

Billie Holiday

______________________ is Brazilian slang for "new bass" style of music.

Bossa Nova

________________ with her fruit basket headdresses and platform shoes embodied both the look and sound of Brazilian music for Americans in the 1940's and 1950's.

Carmen Miranda

The ___________________ dance became popular in the early 1920's. It was a more energetic version of the foxtrot.

Charleston

__________________ was the first certified "gold" record.

Chattanooga Choo Choo

5. The _____________ is a pair of cylindrical wooden sticks that are tapped together to create a rhythm.

Claves

5. ___________ used Latin inspired rhythms in his composition, "Begin the Beguine"

Cole Porter

Latin music was introduced to American society primarily by musicians from

Cuba

___________________ was the big-band swing leader was known as a "painter in sound" and considered by many as the greatest composer in the history of jazz.

Duke Ellington

___________________ was the first black performer to succeed as a mainstream popular singer.

Ethel Waters

The man most responsible for shaping the overall sound of big-band swing was ___________________.

Fletcher Henderson

11. Film musicals became very popular in the 1930's. Some of the most successful ones featured the team of _________________________________ and __________________________________.

Ginger Rogers, Fred Astaire

2. The death of the big band leader, _________________________ marked the end of the Swing Era.

Glenn Miller

Most of the great songwriters of the period between the two World Wars were black or ______________________________.

Jewish

_______________made seven successful studio albums between 1977 and 1983 performing music such as disco, pop, and Latin.

Miami Sound Machine

After World War II, ____________ was one of the most popular and important black pop artists (musicians). He was the first to host his own TV show.

Nat King Cole

The main characteristics of Latin music were a heavy brass, big band sound and a full rhythm section with added Latin _________ _____________ instruments.

Percussion

5. The two "Mambo Kings' mentioned in the textbook were ____________ and ___________________________.

Perez Prado, Tito Puente

The first international ambassador for Brazilian music was known as _______.

Pixinguinha

The pianist in salsa music plays repeated patterns that are similar to __________.

Ragtime

The musical writing team of ______________________ and ____________ ushered in the "Golden Age of Musical Theatre".

Richard Rogers, Oscar Hammerstein

1. According to the textbook, Tejano music's biggest star was _________________.

Selena

The stage musical _______________________ was adapted twice on film and bridged the gap between European grand opera and lighter American musical comedies and operettas.

Show Boat

1. In the 1960's and 70's, U.S. Latin musicians developed two styles of American-Latin music; bugalú and salsa. Bugalú was the Latin version of ____________________.

Soul

__________ is a style of jazz piano playing with deep roots in ragtime

Stride piano

The years between 1935 and 1945 are referred to as the _______________ Era?

Swing

Tejano music, a Latin counterpart to country music, originated in ______________.

Texas

________________ had a long career presenting jazz in a more formal and restrained format.

The Modern Jazz Quartet

______________________ was the last musical written by the team in #1.

The Sound of Music

Gloria Estefan is a musical artist most closely associated with what type or style of Latin music?

Tropical

Latin music is an umbrella term for music that originated in countries in the Americas where Spanish or Portuguese was the native language, music created in the ______________ by Latin musicians, and music by Americans without a Latin heritage who adapted Latin elements in their music.

United States

Romeo and Juliet is the basis for the Broadway musical titled _____________________.

West Side Story

A special feature of the Jean Goldkette's dance orchestra was the use of guitar and ________________________ in the rhythm section.

banjo

Rapid tempos, complex harmonies, aggressive tone colors and a role change for the rhythm section are all key features of _____________________; an edgy style of jazz.

bebop

5. "Complicacion" marks an important development in Latin popular music in America because it mixed ______________ with a full Latin percussion section.

big-band horns

An essential part of the dance orchestra was the rhythm section. Its basic components were and still are a bass, a percussion, and a _____________ instrument.

chord

Which singing style, epitomized by Bing Crosby, is best described by these words: intimate, relaxed, and pleasant? ____________________.

croon

Competitive events among musicians, often late-night after the clubs closed, were called ______________________.

cutting contests

11. In the early 1920's, songs were either for ______________________ or ________________________ but not both.

dancing, listening

"West Side Story" by Leonard Bernstein, integrated complex rhythms, dance and __________________ elements to the Broadway musical.

ethnic

Two important developments in big band swing include the __________________ of the number of instruments in a dance orchestra and the use of ____________________ (an adaptation of call and response).

expansion, riffs

During the 40s and 50s, ___________________became a common practice, shifting the focus from the composer to the performer of popular songs.

interpretation

This style of music evolved out of the ____________________ influenced dance orchestras of the 1920's.

jazz

American popular music experienced significant changes in the modern era due to advances in technology, changing social norms and attitudes toward women, immigration and _________________________.

prohibition

1. The primary interest of rhythm songs comes from the ___________________ and not the flow or shape of the melody.

rhythm

Which instrument became a game changer; a new an enduring sound in dance orchestras? ____________________. The James Reese Europe orchestra was one of the first to feature it.

saxophone

During the "Golden Age of Musical Theatre" the _________________ became supportive of the story.

songs

Popular songs that retained their audience appeal long after their initial popularity are called ___________________.

standards

Popular Latin music dance fads include: mambo, rumba, and

tango

With regards to popular music, this revolutionary time is dependent upon developing _________________________ for both performance and dissemination.

technology

A ________________ is about lost or unrequited love written in a blues style and performed by women (usually white female singers).

torch song