Exam 2

nitrogen balance

the amount of nitrogen consumed compared with the amount excreted in a given time period

negatives of a high protien diet

- can lead to nutrient deficiencies - can be harmful to kidneys - can increase risk of heart disease - Protien turns to glucose in the body

monosaturated fats

- most common fats - found in plant-based oils such as olive, canola and peanut oils, in monosaturated soft margarines, advocados, nuts and leaner meats. unlike saturated fats, a diet high in monounsaturated fats helps lower levels of bad cholesterol without lowering the levels of good cholesterol in the blood. healthiest source of fats. eg. hazelnuts, cashews and almonds, canola or olive oil margarine spreads olive, canola, and peanut oils.

list the nonessential amino acids

Alanine Arginine Asparagine Aspartic acid Cystein Glutamic acid, Glutamine Glycine Proline Serine

After her college graduation party, Jade's BAC was 0.16%. This level is _____ times the legal limit. A. 4 B. 2 C. 5 D. 3

B

The liver can metabolize ______ drink(s) of alcohol per hour. A. 3 B. 1 C. 2 D. the livers's ability to metabolize alcohol is limitless.

B

Vitamin K can be produced by A. conversion of lactic acid to lactate B. intestinal bacteria C. skin exposure to ultraviolet radiation D. hydrolysis of seawater

B

Which of the following statements is false? A. intrinsic factor is needed for vitamin B12 absorption. B. patients with pernicious anemia are treated with high doses of folic acid. C. if untreated, pernicious anemia can be deadly. D. vitamin B12 deficiency is common amoung elderly persons.

B

If a source of fat is from an animal, then it likely contains: A. saturated fat and polyunsaturated fat. B. monounsaturated fat and cholesterol. C. monounsaturated fat and polyunsaturated fat. D. saturated fat and cholesterol.

D

It seems everyone is talking about (dietary) fat. The best way to control fat in your diet is to: A. eat all protein B. none of these help control fat intake C. cut out all meat and dairy products. D. use "balance, variety, and moderation."

D

Lack of vitamin ______ causes scurvy. A. D B. A C. K D. C

D

To reduce the likelihood of giving birth to babies with neural tube defects, women of childbearing age should obtain adequate A. riboflavin B. biotin C. niacin D. folate

D

Vitamins: A. are metabolized to yield energy. B. are macronutrients. C. occur in gram amounts in foods. D. are organic molecules.

D

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C? A. hamburger patty B. egg whites C. whole milk D. green pepper

D

Vitamin C toxicity

GI distress, diarrhea

conditionally essential amino acids

amino acids that are normally considered nonessential but become essential under certain circumstances when the body's need for them exceeds the ability to produce them

nonessential amino acids

amino acids that the body can synthesize

lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet

an eating pattern that includes milk, milk products, and eggs, but excludes meat, poultry, and seafood from the diet

Lipoprotien

any of a group of soluble proteins that combine with and transport fat or other lipids in the blood plasma.

HDL

high density lipoproteins (healthy type of cholesterol)

Vitamin D toxicity

hypercalcemia

vegan

no animal products

B12 toxicity

none

polyunsaturated fats

one category of unsaturated fatty acids; sources include corn oil and soybean oil

Positives of high protien diet

-build muscle - burn more calories -can improve diet -more filling

List some complementary protiens

-legumes with grains, nuts, seeds, or dairy -grains with dairy -dairy with nuts

Complementary protiens

combining plant protiens to compensate for limiting amino acids

Vitamin K deficiencies

decreased synthesis of clotting factors

Triglycerides

fat found in blood

Saturated fats are ____ at room temperature

fats that are solid at room temperature

Sources of vitamin C

fruits and vegetables

B12

helps make DNA and red blood cells

Vitamin A toxicity

increased intracerebral pressure, papilledema + hepatic necrosis.

unsaturated fats are ____ at room temperature

liquid at room temperature

Define LDL

low density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol)

Folate deficiency

megaloblastic anemia

Niacin Toxicity

niacin flush

Vitamin A deficiency

night blindness

Vitamin K toxicity

none

Essential amino acids are

not made by the body

What are the essential fatty acids?

omega 3 and omega 6

ovo-vegetarian diet

omits all meats, fish, poultry and dairy products but allows eggs

Sources of Vitamin A

organ meats, milk, cheese, butter, eggs, cod liver oil, and fortified foods, yellow, orange, and green leafy vegetables

B12 deficiency

pernicious anemia

omega-3 fatty acids

polyunsaturated fatty acids commonly found in fish oils that are beneficial to cardiovascular health

Vitamin D deficiencies

rickets, osteomalacia

Define VLDL

very low density lipoprotien

RDA for protien

0.8g per kilogram of body weight

List the 9 essential amino acids

1. Histidine 2. Isoleucine 3. Leucine 4. Lysine 5. Methionine 6. Phenylalanine 7. Threonine 8. Tryptophan 9. Valine

Where is alcohol absorbed?

20% stomach 80% small intestine

how many calories per gram of carbohydrates

4 calories

how many calories per gram of protien

4 calories

How many calories per gram of alcohol

7 calories

how many calories per gram of fat

9 calories

A diet high in protein generally corresponds to a diet that is also too high in: A. fat B. protein C. water D. carbohydrate

A

A protein is said to be "complete" when: A. all essential amino acids are present and in proper proportion. B. it is found in unprocessed foods. C. it satifies your appetite. D. it supplies 100 percent of the RDA.

A

Alcohol is A. a depressant drug. B. disgested into fatty acids in the stomach C. a food that provides 5 calories/gram. D. none of these are correct

A

Ethanol is A) organic. B) essential .C) a nutrient. D) inorganic.

A

What is the RDA for protein of a healthy adult woman who weighs 62 kg? A. 49.6 kg B. 62.0 kg C. 74.4 kg D. 86.8 kg

A

Which fats are liquid at room temperature? A. unsaturated fats B. no fats are liquid at room temperature C. saturated fats D. saturated and unsaturated fats

A

Which of the following foods contain complete protein? A. beef, milk, eggs B. oranges, milk, eggs, C. beef, chicken, broccoli D. eggs, beans, pork,

A

Which of the following foods would a lacto-ovovegetarian eat? A. milk and eggs B. lamb chops C. milk D. eggs fish

A

Which of the following groups of foods do not contain cholesterol? A. avocados, bananas, and beans B. canola oil, peanut oil, and lard C. cheese, meat, and eggs D. all of these foods contain cholesterol

A

Which of the following is correct concerning alcohol's metabolism in a man and woman of the same height and weight? A. the woman has a lower capacity for metabolizing alcohol than the man. B. it is not yet known. C. the man has a lower capacity for metabolizing alcohol than the woman. D. they have equal alcohol metabolizing abilities.

A

_________________ is the physical changes that take place in a protein when it is exposed to abnormal conditions in the environment. A. denaturation B. transamination C. deamination D. hydrogenation

A

A protein A. provides more energy per gram than carbohydrate B. has nitrogen in its chemical structure. C. is comprised of glucose molecules. D. is a complex inorganic molecule.

B

Atherosclerosis can occur: A. in the arteries of the legs, causing pain and muscle cramps B. all of these are correct C. in the arteries of the brain, leading to stroke D. in the coronary arteries, causing poor to parts of the heart E. in the arteries of the neck, decreasing blood flow to the brain

B

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of ____ cancer. A. colon B. all of these are correct. C. pancreatic D. stomach

B

Which vitamin is required along with ADH to convert alcohol to acetaldehyde in the liver? A) riboflavin B) niacin C) thiamin D) folic acid

B

While at a party, Jenna drank 24 ounces of beer and 10 ounces of wine. Based on this information, her alcohol consumption was equivalent to ____ standard alcoholic drinks. A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8

B

Which vitamins are water soluble

B and C

Alcohol metabolism is not influenced by a person's A. body size and composition B. prior history of alcohol use C. level of caffeine consumption D. sex

C

Bob's blood alcohol concentration is 0.25. Based on this information, Bob is A. able to drive safely. B. acting more sociable and feeling less tense. C. unconscious. D. acting aggressively toward his partner.

C

Diets that lack niacin can lead to A. pernicious anemia B. rickets C. pellagra D. berberi

C

How many calories are provided by fat in your roommate's most recent meal? Three pieces of fried chicken (40 grams of fat) Mashed potatoes with gravy (6 grams of fat) Coleslaw (5 grams of fat) Roll with butter ( 5 grams of fat) Soft drink A. 224 calories B. 392 calories C. 504 calories D. 56 calories

C

People who are unable to absorb fat are likely to develop a _________ deficiency. A. riboflavin B. folate C. vitamin A D. vitamin B12

C

The most effective way to lower cholesterol is to: A. increase trans fat intake B. increase saturated fat intake C. reduce saturated fat intake D. reduce monounsaturated fat intake

C

The symptoms of a hangover, such as nausea, headache, and fatigue, are caused by A) buildup of ADH in blood. B) buildup of alcohol in blood. C) buildup of acetaldehyde in blood. D) none of the above

C

Which nutrient(s) is/are most likely missing from a vegan diet? A. vitamin D B. iron C. vitamin B12, vitamin D, and iron D. vitamin B12

C

Which of the following is "good" cholesterol? A. The is no such thing as 'good" cholesterol. B. VLDL-cholesterol C. HDL-cholesterol D. LDL-cholesterol

C

Which of the following is a function of fat? A. provides essential amino acids for growth and repair. B. carries water-soluble vitamins. C. most concentrated source of energy for the body. D. all of these are functions of fat.

C

Which of the following statements is NOT true about protein? A. most Americans eat well above the RDA for protein each day. B. the primary role of protein is to provide the building material for body tissue. C. the primary role of protein is to provide calories. D. high (animal) protein intakes increase the body's excretion of calcium.

C

1) The familiar alcoholic beverages that are commonly consumed contain an alcohol called A) glycerol. B) methanol .C) propanol. D) ethanol.

D

A deficiency of fat in the diet may result in which of the following? A. decreased growth B. flaky dermatitis C. deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins D. all of these are correct

D

Enriched grain products have specific amounts of ___________ added during processing. A. vitamin A B. vitamin B12 C. vitamin C D. thiamin

D

Nearly all alcohol ingested is metabolized in the: A. small intestine B. large intestine C. stomach D. liver

D

Which of the following diseases/conditions may be a possible risk of consuming a vegetarian diet? A. type 2 diabetes B. all of these are a risk C. edema D. iron deficiency anemia E. high blood pressure

D

Which of the following practices may reduce your risk of cancer? A. consuming two to three standard alcoholic drinks daily B. eating grilled meats regularly C. smoking no more than 10 cigarettes daily D. eating more fruits and vegetables.

D

Which of the following can influence the absorption and metabolism of alcohol: A. gender B. type of alcohol and amount consumed C. the presence of food in the stomach D. ethnicity E. All of these influence the absorption and metabolism of alcohol

E

Omega 6 fatty acids

Fatty acids that promote blood clotting and cell membrane formation.

Antioxidants

Organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals

Vitamin C deficiency

Scurvy

What foods contain protien

Seafood, eggs, dairy, meats, beans, grains, nuts

niacin

Vitamin B3

Folate

Vitamin B9

Which vitamins are fat soluble?

Vitamins A, D, E, K

lacto-vegetarian diet

-a diet that excludes eggs, fish, poultry, and meat -includes milk

Folate toxicity

Masks vitamin B12 deficiency

Niacin deficiency

Pellagra

what nutrients are alcoholics often deficient in?

-calcium -magnesium -iron -zinc