exam 2

A hormone destined for secretion from the cell would be manufactured by ribosomes_________________.

attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Our cell (80% w and 20% s) is placed in a solution or environment of 95% water and 5% solutes. What is the solution called?

hypotonic

The sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called:

metabolism

Where does protein synthesis take place?

on the ribosomes

Cellular eating is called:

phagocytosis

Energy is transferred from ATP to other molecules by transferring a(n)_______.

phosphate group

A type of lipid that makes up the plasma membrane of a cell is:

phospholipids

What are the major lipids of plasma membranes?

phospholipids

A rock on the top of a mountain contains ______ energy.

potential

Molecules that come from the food we eat provide energy for the amazing work that goes on inside our cells. This energy, stored inside our food, is a form of:

potential energy called chemical energy

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that:

the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others

Match each cell organelle to its function. __4__ smooth endoplasmic reticulum __1__ nucleus __7__ mitochondrion __2__ ribosome __8__ vescicle __6__ chloroplast __3__ rough endoplasmic reticulum __5__ Golgi apparatus

1. houses the cell's DNA 2. makes proteins from RNA 3. modifies and folds proteins made by ribosomes studding its surface 4. synthesizes carbohydrates and lipids, detoxifies, and stores calcium ions 5. sorts, tags, packages, and distributes lipids and proteins 6. house the reactions of photosynthesis 7. breaks down glucose and produces ATP, or energy 8. function in storage and transport

Match the terms on left with the correct part of the phospholipid. __1__ hydrophobic __2__ hydrophilic

1. fatty acid tails 2. glycerol heads

The nucleic acid that is a source of energy/fuel for the cell is:

ATP

What is the basic difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions?

Exergonic reactions release energy; endergonic reactions absorb and store energy.

You are riding on your bike and stop pedaling, coasting along the road. Eventually, your bike slows down and stops. What happened to the energy of your motion when your bike stopped?

It was released as heat.

Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a:

cell wall and central vacuole

When placed in a hypotonic solution, a plant cell will accumulate water in its ________________, which gives the plant a condition called turgor pressure.

central vacuole

What form of energy is ATP?

chemical

These structures are short and numerous and they work together for cell movement:

cilia

Some protozoans have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate excess water from the cell. The presence of these organelles tells you that the environment:

is hypotonic to the protozoan

A cell has an internal environment of 80% water and 20% solutes. the outside environment is the same. The cell is ________ to the environment and water moves ________.

isotonic; equally in and out of cell

When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction

it lowers the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur

What will happen to the plasma membrane of a plant cell when it is placed in a hypertonic solution?

it will shrivel/plasmolyze

The energy of motion is ______ energy.

kinetic

When using a light microscope to view a cell you obtained from scraping under your fingernails, you notice that the cell lacks a nucleus; therefore, you conclude that the cell must be a type of:

prokaryotic cell

Cilia and flagella contribute to cell movement. They are composed of:

protein microtubules

What makes lysosomes and other cell products and transports them to the Golgi apparatus?

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following is an adaptation to increase the surface area of a part of a cell that is involved in cellular respiration?

the cristae of a mitochondrion

You are adrift in the Atlantic Ocean and, being thirsty, drink the surrounding seawater. As a result, ______.

you dehydrate yourself