Exam 2 - A&P 1 - Tissue

All these substances account for the gelatinous consistency of connective tissue ground substance except A. glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). B. proteoglycans. C. chondroitin sulfate. D. hyaluronic acid. E. collagen.

collagen.

__________________ glands (such as tear glands) have vesicles that release their secretion by exocytosis, whereas __________________ glands (such as oil-producing glands) secrete a mixture of disintegrated cells and their products. A. Endocrine; exocrine B. Mucous; serous C. Cytogenic; apocrine D. Mucous; cutaneous E. Merocrine; holocrine

Merocrine; holocrine

__________________ glands secrete mucin, which combines with water to form a thick and sticky product, whereas __________________ glands produce a relatively watery fluid. A. Mucous; serous B. Merocrine; holocrine C. Apocrine; mixed D. Endocrine; exocrine E. Serous; mucous

Mucous; serous

__________________ tissues respond quickly to outside stimuli by means of changes in membrane potential, thus they are called __________________ tissues. A. Muscular and nervous; excitable B. Connective and muscular; responsive C. Adipose and areolar; complex D. Epithelial and connective; irritable E. Nervous and connective; excitable

Muscular and nervous; excitable

Columnar cells lining the small intestine show a brush border of microvilli on the apical surface. True or False.

True

Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs. true or false.

True

In an epithelium, there is almost no extracellular matrix. True or False.

True

The clear gel that usually surrounds cells is called interstitial fluid. True or False.

True

These are features that fibrous connective tissues have in common except A. very conspicuous fibers. B. the presence of fibroblasts. C. the presence of collagen. D. ground substance with a gelatinous to rubbery consistency. E. a calcified matrix.

a calcified matrix.

It is normal for breasts to shrink after lactation ceases. This is a consequence of __________________ in human breast cells. A. necrosis B. apoptosis C. atrophy D. infarction E. gangrene

apoptosis

__________________ exhibits a lot of apparently empty space, and is found in many serous membranes. A. Blood B. Areolar tissue C. Osseous tissue D. Dense irregular connective tissue E. Adipose tissue

Areolar tissue

__________________ tissue is highly vascular, whereas _______________ is not. A. Epithelial; cartilage B. Muscular; osseous tissue C. Dense regular connective; dense irregular connective tissue D. Areolar; cartilage E. Nervous; osseous tissue

Areolar; cartilage

__________________ is found in the heart, and one of its functions is to __________________. A. Dense irregular connective tissue; allow for heart contraction and relaxation B. Adipose tissue; store energy for the heart C. Reticular tissue; provide support to the heart D. Simple cuboidal epithelium; line the heart chambers E. Blood; transport nutrients to the tissues

Blood; transport nutrients to the tissues

__________________ secrete the rubbery matrix of cartilage, whereas ________________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue. A. Chondroblasts; plasma cells B. Mast cells; fibroblasts C. Osteocytes; chondroblasts D. Chondroblasts; fibroblasts E. Adipocytes; plasma cells

Chondroblasts; fibroblasts

_______________ lines body cavities, covers the body surface, and forms the lining of many organs. A. Interstitial tissue B. Muscle tissue C. Adipose tissue D. Epithelial tissue E. Nervous tissue

Epithelial

The basement membrane is found between A. epithelium and connective tissue. B. epithelium and extracellular material. C. epithelium and intracellular material. D. extracellular material and intracellular material. E. interstitial fluid and extracellular fluid.

Epithelium and connective tissue

Nonkeratinized cells exfoliate from the surface of the skin. True or False.

False

The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except A. connective. B. fibrous. C. nervous. D. epithelial. E. muscular.

Fibrous

_____________ cells in simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelia produce protective mucous coatings over the mucous membranes. A. Basement membrane B. Simple C. Basal D. Keratinized E. Goblet

Goblet

A connective tissue fiber refers to a(n) __________________, a nerve fiber refers to a(n) ____________________, and a muscle fiber refers to a(n) _______. A. entire cell; organelle; tissue B. organelle; entire cell; part of a cell C. organelle; entire cell; complex of macromolecules D. complex of macromolecules; entire cell; part of a cell E. complex of macromolecules; part of a cell; entire cell

complex of macromolecules; part of a cell; entire cell

The shape of a person's external ear is given by A. dense regular connective tissue. B. dense irregular connective tissue. C. elastic cartilage. D. fibrocartilage. E. ligaments.

elastic cartilage.

The membrane that lines digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts consists of A. simple squamous epithelium and dense irregular connective tissue. B. areolar and dense irregular connective tissue. C. epithelium and lamina propria. D. areolar tissue and lamina propria. E. simple squamous epithelium and areolar tissue.

epithelium and lamina propria.

Desmosomes are more effective than tight junctions in preventing substances from passing between cells. true or false.

false

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) help give the ground substance some of its qualities, such as A. helping to transfer charges in the nervous system. B. holding water and maintaining electrolyte balance. C. giving bone its brittle, inorganic structure. D. providing the major structural support of tendons and ligaments. E. acting as an energy reserve for muscle contraction.

holding water and maintaining electrolyte balance.

These are all types of fibrous connective tissues except A. reticular tissue. B. hyaline cartilage. C. dense regular connective tissue. D. dense irregular connective tissue. E. areolar tissue.

hyaline cartilage.

Marfan syndrome is a hereditary defect in elastin fibers. People with this syndrome have A. hyperextensible joints. B. a small cranium. C. elastic bones. D. stronger bones. E. viscous blood.

hyperextensible joints.

After six months of lifting weights at the gym you notice that some of your muscles have increased in size. This increase in size is due to _______ of muscle cells. A. hyperplasia B. neoplasia C. hypertrophy D. metaplasia E. atrophy

hypertrophy

These features are common to all connective tissues except A. most cells are not in direct contact with each other. B. interstitial fluid is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope. C. cells usually occupy less space than extracellular material. D. protein fibers are usually present in the ground substance. E. most of them are highly vascular.

interstitial fluid is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope.

This membrane lines passageways that open to the exterior environment. A. lamina propria B. endothelium C. synovial membrane D. serous membrane (serosa) E. mucous membrane (mucosa)

mucous membrane (mucosa)

_______________ epithelium provides a moist and slippery surface and is well suited to resist stress, as in the ________________. A. Transitional; tongue B. Keratinized; tongue C. Nonkeratinized; skin D. Keratinized; skin E. Nonkeratinized; vagina

nonkeratinized ; vagina

Macrophages __________________ in the healing of a skin wound. A. release histamine to increase blood flow to the area B. produce and secrete collagenous fibers C. phagocytize and digest tissue debris D. stimulate epithelial cells to multiply E. make capillaries more permeable allowing white blood cells to migrate into the area

phagocytize and digest tissue debris

All cells in this tissue reach the basement membrane and only cells that reach the free surface have cilia. A. pseudostratified columnar B. simple columnar C. stratified columnar D. stratified cuboidal E. stratified squamous

pseudostratified columnar

An epithelium with all cells tall and narrow and with every cell touching the basement membrane is called ________________ A. stratified squamous. B. stratified cuboidal. C. simple cuboidal. D. simple columnar. E. pseudostratified columnar.

simple columnar

A brush border of microvilli belongs to _______________ epithelium found in the ______________. A. pseudostratified; nasal cavity B. simple cuboidal; esophagus C. simple columnar; small intestine D. stratified squamous; anal canal E. stratified squamous; esophagus

simple columnar ; small intestine

Most kidney tubules are made of this tissue specialized for absorption and secretion. A. simple columnar epithelium B. stratified columnar epithelium C. pseudostratified columnar epithelium D. simple cuboidal epithelium E. stratified cuboidal epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium

______________ epithelium allows for rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs. A. Simple squamous B. Simple cuboidal C. Simple columnar D. Stratified squamous-keratinized E. Stratified squamous-nonkeratinized

simple squamous

__________________ epithelium is associated with rapid transport of substances through a membrane, whereas __________________ epithelium is associated with resistance to abrasion. A. Simple columnar; transitional B. Simple squamous; stratified squamous C. Simple cuboidal; pseudostratified D. Pseudostratified; simple squamous E. Pseudostratified; simple cuboidal

simple squamous ; stratified squamous

Astronauts in zero gravity are able to move food through their digestive tracts because A. smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract. B. skeletal muscle puts pressure on the digestive tract. C. cardiac muscle maintains a high pressure that moves material through the digestive tract. D. striated muscle creates a pressure gradient that forces material from one end of the digestive tract to the other. E. skeletal muscle sphincters contract and allow materials to move through digestive tract.

smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract.

________________ epithelium is the most widespread epithelium in the body, whereas _______________ epithelium is rare. A. Simple columnar; stratified columnar B. Stratified squamous; stratified columnar C. Pseudostratified; stratified squamous D. Simple cuboidal; stratified squamous E. Stratified squamous; simple squamous

stratified squamous ; stratified columnar

Collagenous fibers are very abundant in A. blood and hyaline cartilage. B. blood, adipose tissue, and osseous tissue. C. ligaments, bones, and the most superficial portion of the skin. D. tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin. E. areolar tissue, tongue, and bones.

tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin.

In the intestine, __________________ ensure(s) that most digested nutrients pass through the epithelial cells and not between them. A. plasma membrane B. desmosomes C. tight junctions D. gap (communicating) junctions E. ground substance

tight junctions

New triglycerides are constantly synthesized and stored and others are hydrolyzed and released into circulation mostly from cells in A. blood. B. fibrous connective tissue. C. adipose tissue. D. reticular tissue. E. transitional tissue.

adipose tissue.

Fibroblasts and protein fibers are associated with both A. dense regular and dense irregular connective tissues. B. plasma and formed elements. C. elastic cartilage and hyaline cartilage. D. spongy bone and compact (dense) bone. E. adipose tissue and reticular tissue.

dense regular and dense irregular connective tissues

Most biologists see embryonic stem (ES) cells as a possible treatment for diseases that result from the loss of functional cells. This possibility is based on the fact that ES cells are _______________ stem cells. A. unipotent B. multipotent C. pluripotent D. totipotent E. omnipotent

totipotent

__________________ epithelium found in the bladder resembles ______________ epithelium, but the apical cells are rounded, not flattened. A. Transitional; stratified squamous B. Stratified squamous; pseudostratified C. Stratified squamous; stratified columnar D. Simple columnar; pseudostratified E. Transitional; simple cuboidal

transitional ; stratified squamous

Scar tissue helps to hold an organ together but does not restore normal function of the damaged tissue. true or false.

true