Exam 2 - Anatomy

Which of the following combinations is correct regarding the ABCD rule for recognizing a melanoma? A. A is for asymmetry B. B is for black C. C is for consistency D. D is for density

A. A is for asymmetry

In addition to protection (physical and chemical barrier), the skin serves other functions. Which of the following is another vital function of the skin? A. It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor necessary in calcium metabolism B. It aids in the transport of materials throughout the body C. The cells of the epidermis store glucose as glycogen for energy D. It absorbs vitamin C so that the skin will not be subject to diseases

A. It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor necessary in calcium metabolism

Which of the following cutaneous receptors is specialized for the reception of touch or light pressure? A. Meissner's corpuscles B. Pacinian corpuscles C. free nerve endings D. Krause's end bulbs

A. Meissner's corpuscles

Which of the following combinations is correct? A. all epithelial membranes/areolar connective tissue B. mucous membranes/dense, regular connective tissue C. cutaneous membrane/simple squamous epithelium D. serous membranes/simple columnar epithelium

A. all epithelial membranes/areolar connective tissue

Melanocytes: A. are spidery-shaped cells in contact with cells in the stratum basale B. Are involved in the immune system C. Are involved with the nervous system D. Work their way up to the surface just like the keratinocytes

A. are spidery-shaped cells in contact with cells in the stratum basale

Fibroblasts and protein fibers are associated with both A. dense regular and dense irregular connective tissues B. plasma and formed elements C. elastic cartilage and hyaline cartilage D. spongy bone and compact (dense) bone E. adipose tissue and reticular tissue

A. dense regular and dense irregular connective tissues

The basement membrane is found between A. epithelium and connective tissues B. epithelium and extracellular material C. epithelium and intracellular material D. extracellular material and intracellular material E. interstitial fluid and extracellular fluid

A. epithelium and connective tissue

Which of the following statements best describes what fingernails actually are A. fingernails are a modification of the epidermis B. fingernails are derived from osseous tissue C. fingernails are extensions of the carpal bones D. fingernails are a separate tissue from the skin, formed from a different embryonic layer

A. fingernails are a modification of the epidermis

The most immediate threat to the life of a patient with severe burns is A. fluid loss B. eschar C. heat loss D. pain E. infection

A. fluid loss

If a splinter penetrated the skin into the third epidermal layer of the sole of the foot, which cells would be damaged? A. granulosum B. basale C. lucidium D. spinosum

A. granulosum

The reddish color of the skin of the lips is primarily due to this pigment: A. hemoglobin B. myoglobin C. melanin D. carotene E. keratin

A. hemoglobin

Which of the following is NOT a type of connective tissue? A. interstitial fluid B. blood C. adipose D. dense, regular E. cartilage

A. interstitial fluid

In which location would you find a mucous membrane? A. lining the intestines B. lining the wall of the thoracic cavity C. between layers of skeletal muscle D. on the surface of the body E. covering the outer surface of the stomach

A. lining the intestines

Select the most correct statement concerning skin cancer. A. melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing B. most tumors that arise on the skin are malignant C. squamous cell carcinomas arise from the stratum corneum D. basal cell carcinomas are the least common but most malignant

A. melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing

__________________ tissues respond quickly to outside stimuli by means of changes in membrane potential, thus they are called ____________ tissues A. muscular and nervous; excitable B. connective and muscular; responsive C. adipose and areolar; complex D. epithelial and connective; irritable E. nervous and connective; excitable

A. muscular and nervous; excitable

All cells in this tissue reach the basement membrane and only cells that reach the free surface have cilia A. pseudostratified columnar B. simple columnar C. stratified columnar D. stratified cuboidal E. stratified squamous

A. pseudostratified columnar

Which of the following epithelial types is best adapted for rapid transport of material across its membrane? A. simple squamous B. stratified cuboidal C. transitional D. pseudostratified ciliated columnar

A. simple squamous

The fastest rate of mitosis happens in the A. stratum basale B. stratum spinosum C. stratum granulosum D. stratum lucidum E. stratum corneum

A. stratum basale

Skeletal muscle is described as A. striated and voluntary B. striated and involuntary C. nonstriated and voluntary D. nonstriated and involuntary E. fibrous and contracting

A. striated and voluntary

Changes in the color of skin are often an indication of a homeostatic imbalance. Which of the following changes would suggest that a patient is suffering from Addison' disease? A. The skin takes on a bronze or metallic appearance B. Black-and blue marks become evident for no apparent cause C. The skin appears to have an abnormal, yellowish tint D. It is impossible to suggest Addison's disease from an inspection of a person's skin

A. the skin takes on a bronze or metallic appearance

Organized groups of cells (plus their intercellular substances) that have a common purpose form a(n): A. tissue B. organ C. organism D. organ system

A. tissue

The composition of the secretions of the eccrine glands is ________. A. primarily uric acid B. 99% water, sodium chloride, and trace amounts of wastes, lactic acid and vitamin C C. fatty substances, proteins, antibodies, and trace amounts of minerals and vitamins D. metabolic wastes

B. 99% water, sodium chloride, and trace amounts of wastes, lactic acid and vitamin C

Serous membranes consist of A. varying types of epithelium with an underlying layer of areolar connective tissue B. a single layer of squamous epithelial cells and a layer of areolar connective tissue C. stratified squamous epithelium and adipose tissue D. simple columnar epithelium and areolar connective tissue

B. a single layer of squamous epithelial cells and a layer of areolar connective tissue

Which muscles attached to the hair follicles cause goose bumps? A. arrector integument B. arrector pili C. levator folliculi D. arrector folliculi

B. arrector pili

_________ is/are formed partly from the secretions of glands in the external ear canal. A. sebum B. cerumen C. sweat D. scents E. mucus

B. cerumen

The reticular layer of the dermis A. is much thinner than the epidermis B. contains hair follicles and sweat glands C. lacks sensory structures D. is directly connected to the epidermis E. functions as a barrier to water loss

B. contains hair follicles and sweat glands

These are all types of cells found in the epidermis except A. melanocytes B. fibroblasts C. stem cells D. keratinocytes E. tactile (Merkel) cells

B. fibroblasts

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) help give the ground substance some of its qualities such as A. helping to transfer charges in the nervous system B. holding water and maintaining electrolyte balance C. giving bone its brittle, inorganic structure D. providing the major structural support of tendons and ligaments E. acting as an energy reserve for muscle contraction

B. holding water and maintaining electrolyte balance

These features are common to all connective tissues except A. most cells are not in direct contact with each other B. interstitial fluid is so scare that it is not visible with a light microscope C. cells usually occupy less space than extracellular material D. protein fibers are usually present in the ground substance E. most of them are highly vascular

B. interstitial fluid is so scare that it is not visible with a light microscope

Calluses or corns are the result of accelerated multiplication of A. melanocytes B. keratinocytes C. fibroblasts D. tactile cells E. red blood cells

B. keratinocytes

A _______ is an elevated patch of melanized skin. A. hemangioma B. mole C. freckle D. flexion line E. friction ridge

B. mole

____________ membranes secrete a lubricating fluid that keeps organs from experiencing friction when moving past each other A. basement B. serous C. mucous D. all epithelial E. plasma

B. serous

________ epithelium is associated with rapid transport of substances through a membrane, whereas __________ epithelium is associated with resistance to abrasion. A. simple columnar; transitional B. simple squamous; stratified squamous C. simple cuboidal; pseudostratified D. pseudostratified; simple squamous E. pseudostratified; simple cuboidal

B. simple squamous; stratified squamous

Keratinocytes arise from stem cells in the A. stratum spinosum B. stratum basale C. stratum lucidum D. stratum granulosum

B. stratum basale

The shape of a person's external ear is given by A. dense regular connective tissue B. dense irregular connective tissue C. elastic cartilage D. fibrocartilage E. ligaments

C. elastic cartilage

The dermis is a strong, flexible connective tissue layer. Which of the following cell types are likely to be found in the dermis? A. goblet cells, parietal cells and Kupffer cells B. monocytes, reticulocytes and osteocytes C. fibroblasts, macrophages and mast cells D. osteoblasts, osteoclasts and epithelial cells

C. fibroblasts, macrophages and mast cells

Apocrine glands, which begin to function at puberty under hormonal influence, seem to play little role in thermoregulation. Where would we find these glands in the human body? A. in all body regions and buried deep in the dermis B. beneath the flexure lines in the body C. in the axillary and groin area D. in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet

C. in the axillary and groin area

Which of these is not considered connective tissue? A. cartilage B. adipose C. muscle D. blood

C. muscle

Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and A. fibroblasts B. chondrocytes C. neuroglia D. myocytes E. osteocytes

C. neuroglia

Which of the following is a key feature of epithelial tissue? A. collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix B. abundant ground substance C. polarity D. vascularity E. poor regeneration

C. polarity

The oil of your scalp is secreted by __________ glands associated with the hair follicles. A. merocrine sweat B. apocrine sweat C. sebaceous D. ceruminous E. mammary

C. sebaceous

A brush border of microvilli belongs to _________ epithelium found in the __________. A. pseudostratified; nasal cavity B. simple cuboidal; esphagus C. simple columnar; small intestine D. stratified squamous; anal canal

C. simple columnar; small intestine

Keratinocytes in the __________________ are filled with keratin, lack a nucleus, and are no longer alive. A. stratum spinosum B. stratum granulosum C. stratum corneum D. stratum germinativum

C. stratum corneum

In the intestine, __________________ ensure(s) that most digested nutrients pass through the epithelial cells and not between them. A. plasma membrane B. desmosomes C. tight junctions D. gap (communicating) junctions E. ground substance

C. tight junctions

The hypodermis usually has an abundance of this tissue A. epithelial tissue B. muscular tissue C. nervous tissue D. adipose tissue E. keratinized tissue

D. adipose tissue

_________________ tissue is highly vascular, whereas _____________ is not A. epithelial; cartilage B. muscular; osseous tissue C. dense regular connective; dense irregular connective tissue D. areolar; cartilage E. nervous; osseous tissue

D. areolar; cartilage

____________ secrete the cartilage rubbery matrix, whereas _____________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue. A. chondroblasts; plasma cells B. mast cells; fibroblasts C. osteocytes; chondroblasts D. chondroblasts; fibroblasts E. adipocytes; plasma cells

D. chondroblasts; fibroblasts

These cells stand guard against toxins, microbes and other pathogens. A. keratinocytes B. melanocytes C. adipocytes D. dendritic (Langerhans) cells E. tactile (Merkel) cells

D. dendritic (Langerhans) cells

Skin covering the __________ has sweat glands but no hair follicles or sebaceous (oil) glands. A. forearm B. buttocks C. abdomen D. fingertips E. back

D. fingertips

The contraction of the piloerector muscles (pilomotor muscle or arrector pili) in humans causes A. hairs to stand on end trapping an insulating layer of warm air next to the skin B. generation of heat to raise the body temperature C. hairs to stand on end to make the individual appear bigger D. hairs to stand on end with no apparent function E. increase ability to feel pain

D. hairs to stand on end with no apparent function

The flat-shaped cells found covering the skin are A. cuboidal B. columnar C. cylindrical D. squamous E. spherical

D. squamous

The _______ is absent from most epidermis. A. stratum basale B. stratum spinosum C. stratum granulosum D. stratum lucidum E. stratum corneum

D. stratum lucidum

Collagenous fibers are very abundant in A. blood and hyaline cartilage B. blood, adipose tissue and osseous tissue C. ligaments, bones and most superficial portions of the skin D. tendons, ligament and the deeper portion of the skin E. areolar tissue, tongue and bones

D. tendons, ligament and the deeper portion of the skin

Which of the following is NOT a pigment that influences skin color? A. carotene B. melanin C. hemoglobin D. xanthophyll

D. xanthophyll

These are features that fibrous connective tissues have in common except A. very conspicuous fibers B. the presence of fibroblasts. C. the presence of collagen. D. ground substance with a gelatinous to rubbery consistency. E. a calcified matrix.

E. a calcified matrix

Where would squamous epithelium tissue be found? A. in basement membranes B. at the basal surface of a stratified squamous epithelium C. in all layers of a stratified squamous epithelium D. in areolar tissue E. at the apical surface of a stratified squamous epithelium

E. at the apical surface of a stratified squamous epithelium

All these substances account for the gelatinous consistency of connective tissue ground substance except A. glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) B. proteoglycans C. chondroitin sulfate D. hyaluronic acid E. collagen

E. collagen

Variations in hair color arise from the relative amounts of A. collagen and elastic filaments B. keratin and melanin C. carotene and hemoglobin D. carotene and collagen E. eumelanin and pheomelanin

E. eumelanin and pheomelanin

The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue is called A. necrosis B. apoptosis C. gangrene D. regeneration E. fibrosis

E. fibrosis

Excessive hairiness is called A. telogenism B. anagenism C. catagenism D. alopecia E. hirsutism

E. hirsutism

Which of the following is most important in determining skin coloration? A. keratin B. collagen C. hemoglobin D. carotene E. melanin

E. melanin

This membrane lines passageways that open to the exterior environment. A. lamina propria B. endothelium C. synovial membrane D. serous membrane (serosa) E. mucous membrane (mucosa)

E. mucous membrane (mucosa)

Mitosis in the ________ accounts for growth of the nail A. nail plate B. nail fold C. eponychium D. hyponychium E. nail matrix

E. nail matrix

Desmosomes are more effective than tight junctions in preventing substances from passing between cells. T/F

False

Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs T/F

True

In an epithelium, there is almost no extracellular matrix T/F

True

Scar tissue helps to hold an organ together but does not restore normal function of the damaged tissue. T/F

True

Smooth and cardiac muscle are under involuntary control T/F

True

The secretory product of a gland is produced by its parenchyma, not its stroma. T/F

True