Exam 2 EMS 131
During the primary assessment of an unresponsive two-month-old infant, which pulse should be palpated? A) Brachial B) Carotid C) Umbilical D) Radial
A)
The first set of vital sign measurements obtained are often referred to as which of the following? A) Baseline vital signs B) Normal vital signs C) Standard vital signs D) None of these
A)
The method of taking blood pressure by using a stethoscope to listen to the characteristic sounds produced is called: A) auscultation. B) blood pressure monitoring. C) palpation. D) pulsation.
A)
Vital signs should be reassessed at least every ________ minutes for a stable patient. A) 15 B) 10 C) 5 D) 20
A)
You are approaching a 16-year-old male with bright red spurting blood coming from his leg. He is screaming and he begs you to help him. You should: A) control the bleeding. B) ask him to calm down. C) assess his airway. D) apply oxygen.
A)
You are approaching an adult female lying supine on the ground with snoring respirations. You should: A) open her airway with a jaw-thrust maneuver. B) insert an oropharyngeal airway. C) insert a nasopharyngeal airway. D) ventilate with a bag-valve mask.
A)
You are assessing a 21-year-old female who was assaulted by an unknown person. She is complaining of abdominal pain. As you perform a rapid assessment of her abdomen, you should check for all of the following except: A) bowel sounds. B) firmness. C) distention. D) contusions.
A)
You are assessing a 48-year-old male who is unconscious. The scene is safe and you hear the patient gurgling. What is your next action? A) Suction the airway. B) Insert an airway adjunct. C) Open the airway with a head tilt. D) Quickly check the pulse.
A)
You are called to care for a child who has fallen out of a third-story window. You arrive to find the child in his mother's arms. As you approach, you notice the child's skin is pale with dark spots of cyanosis. You would report this uncommon condition of blotchy skin as: A) mottling. B) flushed. C) jaundiced. D) pale.
A)
You are on the scene of an unresponsive adult female patient. You find an empty pill bottle lying next to her bed. You look up the medication in your field guide and discover the medication is a powerful sedative. The prescription on the bottle is for the patient's husband, who is not present to answer questions about the medication. What should you do? A) Document the empty pill bottle. It may provide important clues to the patient's condition. B) Do not document the empty pill bottle. It does not belong to the patient. C) Document the empty pill bottle. It is obvious that she took the pills. D) Do not document the empty pill bottle. You cannot prove that she took the pills and could lead the doctor to make a false diagnosis.
A)
You are transporting a patient to the hospital from a motor vehicle crash. Your patient's initial blood pressure was 88/52. You should reassess blood pressure: A) at least every 5 minutes. B) at least every 15 minutes. C) only if the pulse rate changes. D) only if the patient gets worse.
A)
You have received an order from medical direction that you feel would be detrimental to your patient. Which of the following should you do? A) Politely question the physician. B) Carry out the order but document that you disagreed with it. C) Contact your supervisor for advice. D) Call a different hospital for orders.
A)
You have responded for a patient with shortness of breath. He reports that his breathing problems began this morning and have gotten worse over the last few hours. You ask if he has taken anything to help his symptoms and he tells you that he has used his inhaler several times in the last hour. The information you have just gathered can be classified as: A) the history of present illness. B) relevant past medical history. C) results of a physical exam. D) part of the family history.
A)
Your elderly patient reports having stomach cramps for several hours. He denies any trauma and he hasn't eaten for several hours. Which of the following is most important to your assessment of this patient? A) Asking if he has been having regular bowel movements B) Determining if he has been taking his medications as prescribed C) Finding out if he has any chest pain D) Asking him if he is able to walk
A)
Your patient called 911 because he was having chest pain. He states that his pain is a 7 on a 10-point scale. As part of your care, you assist him with taking his nitroglycerin per medical direction. After waiting a few minutes for the medication to take effect, you should: A) ask him what his pain is like now. B) administer another dose of nitroglycerin. C) lay the head of the stretcher down. D) call medical direction to administer another dose.
A)
When should the EMT evaluate the need for Standard Precautions? A) An evaluation should be made throughout the call. B) An evaluation should be made once a general impression of the patient has been formed. C) An evaluation should be made before arrival on-scene. D) No evaluation is ever needed, since the precautions are the same for every call.
A) An evaluation should be made throughout the call.
Which term refers to the EMT's initial sense of the patient's condition, based on immediate assessment of the patient's environment, appearance, and chief complaint? A) General impression B) Primary assessment C) Scene size-up D) Secondary assessment
A) General impression
Which of the following describes the chief complaint? A) Reason why the patient summoned EMS B) Events immediately preceding the call for EMS C) Overall impression of the patient's condition D) All of these
A) Reason why the patient summoned EMS
At the scene of a vehicle collision in which there are no apparent hazards, which of the following guidelines should be followed for establishing a danger zone? A) The danger zone should be 50 feet in all directions. B) The danger zone should be 150 feet in all directions. C) The danger zone should be 15 feet in all directions. D) There is no need to establish a danger zone when there are no apparent hazards.
A) The danger zone should be 50 feet in all directions.
In EMS, what does mental status refer to? A) The patient's level of awareness of his surroundings B) Any history of mental illness that the patient may have C) The patient's general level of intelligence D) None of these
A) The patient's level of awareness of his surroundings
Which of the following is the purpose of the primary assessment? A) To detect and treat immediately life-threatening problems B) To find all of the patient's signs and symptoms C) To discover trends of improvement or deterioration in the patient's condition D) To detect dangers to the patient and/or EMS crew
A) To detect and treat immediately life-threatening problems
You are transporting a 44-year-old female with chest pain and sudden respiratory distress. She is agitated, anxious, and refuses to have a nonrebreather mask applied. Which of the following is the best option? A) Use a nasal cannula instead. B) Have her breathe into a paper bag to control her hyperventilation. C) Do not make further attempts to administer oxygen as it will only agitate the patient further. D) Consult with medical control about restraining the patient.
A) Use a nasal cannula instead
The jaw-thrust maneuver is the only ________ airway procedure for an unconscious patient with possible head, neck, or spine injury or an unknown mechanism of injury. A) recommended B) required C) prohibited D) discouraged
A) recommended
In the assessment of a responsive medical patient, which of the following will provide you with the most important information? A) Focused physical exam B) Patient's medical history C) Detailed physical exam D) Baseline vital signs
B)
Under what circumstance should a reassessment not be performed? A) The patient is being transported to a hospital close to his home. B) Ongoing lifesaving interventions are required. C) The patient has life-threatening injuries. D) The patient does not receive a secondary assessment.
B)
Upon assessment of your patient, you notice that he has cool, sweaty skin. This finding is best described as which of the following? A) Diagnosis B) Vital sign C) Complaint D) Syndrome
B)
What color is the patient's skin if it is described as being cyanotic? A) Yellow B) Blue-gray CORRECT. Cyanotic skin will have a blue-gray appearance. C) Very pale D) Red
B)
When the heart contracts and forces blood into the arteries, the pressure created is known as the: A) pulse pressure. B) systolic blood pressure. C) diastolic blood pressure. D) central venous pressure.
B)
When you arrive at the receiving facility, the nurse asks your partner for a verbal report of the patient's condition. This is in addition to the radio report your partner gave to the hospital en route. Afterwards, you ask your partner why you must give a second verbal report and a written report to the receiving nurse. What is the best reason to provide both reports? A) The nurse may not have heard the patients name. B) The nurse may have to perform critical interventions on the patient before you complete your written report. C) The patient's family may want this information. D) The nurse may be too busy to read the written report.
B)
When you begin interviewing your patient, he tells you that he has not felt well for several months, ever since he had his gallbladder removed. He goes on to tell you that he cannot get his wife to schedule a doctor's appointment for him and when she remembers to call, the office is always closed. Which of the following is the best way to proceed? A) Begin your assessment of his vital signs. B) Answer Ask him why he decided to call 911 today. C) Try to call his doctor to schedule an appointment. D) Ask him for a list of his medications.
B)
Which of the following should be placed in quotes in the patient care report? A) Patient's expressed consent B) Chief complaint C) List of patient's medications D) Mechanism of injury
B)
Which of the following should not be included in a patient care report? A) Patient's subjective statements B) Answer Radio codes C) Pertinent negative findings D) Chief complaint
B)
You are attempting to assess the blood pressure of a 35-year-old male at the scene of a multiple vehicle collision. The scene is very noisy and you are unable to clearly hear the patient's heartbeat. You should: A) use an automatic blood pressure machine. B) obtain the blood pressure by palpation. C) try using the patient's other arm. D) have your partner try auscultating the blood pressure.
B)
You are transporting a 30-year-old male who has been shot in the chest. He is suffering from a sucking chest wound and has a decreased level of consciousness. How often should you perform a reassessment? A) Every 30 minutes B) Every 5 minutes C) Every 15 minutes D) Every 10 minutes
B)
You are treating a 15-year-old boy who apparently broke his right arm when he fell while skateboarding with his friends. You have completed your primary and secondary assessment including splinting his arm, but you found no other injuries or problems. Which of the following is the most important step to do during the reassessment? A) Place the patient on oxygen via nasal cannula. B) Check distal circulation on his right arm C) Recheck his pupils. D) Visualize his chest for bruising.
B)
You have arrived on the scene at a high school football field where a 17-year-old male is lying on the ground. He is unresponsive and cyanotic, and he is making obvious respiratory effort without moving adequate amounts of air. Which of the following should be done first? A) Assist ventilations with a bag-valve-mask device without supplemental oxygen. B) Open the patient's airway using a manual maneuver. C) Apply high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather mask. D) Insert a nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal airway.
B)
You have received the following order from medical control: "Administer one tablet of nitroglycerin under the patient's tongue." Which of the following is the best response? A) "Roger, order received." B) "Order received. One nitroglycerin tablet under the patient's tongue." C) "Clear. Will advise of any changes in patient's condition." D) "Copy. Administering medication now."
B)
You respond to a motor vehicle collision and find a patient with an altered mental status and angulated left femur; the other driver is deceased. Your closest trauma center is 45 minutes away. Which of the following would you do next? A) Apply a traction splint. B) Request ALS personnel. C) Transport the patient to a local medical clinic for evaluation by a physician. D) Perform a detailed physical exam.
B)
Your patient is a 14-year-old male who was run over by a tractor and is now unresponsive. During the rapid assessment, you should look for clear drainage coming from the patient's ________ indicating a serious injury. A) eyes B) ears C) rectum D) mouth
B)
Your patient is a 16-year-old female who is reporting abdominal pain and nausea. She says it came on when she woke up this morning. Her mother says that her daughter has been tired and cranky lately and has not been eating well for a couple of weeks. In fact, every time you ask a question, the patient's mother answers. What should you do next? A) Ask the mother to please be quiet. B) Have your partner interview the mother in the next room. C) Tell the mother to leave the room. D) Ignore the mother and continue to try to talk to the patient.
B)
Your patient is a 33-year-old man who has been ejected from his vehicle during a high-speed collision. During your primary assessment it is discovered that he is not moving, does not appear to have adequate respirations, and has suffered minor external bleeding. Which of the following should be done first? A) Control the bleeding with direct pressure. B) Open the airway. C) Begin bag-valve-mask ventilations. D) Check the patient's carotid pulse.
B)
Your patient is an 18-year-old female whom you believe may have had a miscarriage and is bleeding heavily. You have completed your primary and secondary assessments and now you need to reassess her to see if the bleeding has stopped. You should: A) ask her to check herself to see if she is still bleeding. B) in a reassuring tone, explain what you need to do. C) wait and let the hospital staff reassess the bleeding. D) take another set of vital signs to see if her blood pressure has dropped.
B)
Your patient is an unresponsive 40-year-old woman. Which of the following should you do first? A) Immediately request the police B) Perform a rapid physical exam. C) Ask her husband if she has any known allergies. D) Take her blood pressure.
B)
At what point is the scene size-up complete? A) When crashed vehicles have been stabilized B) At the end of the call C) Upon stabilization of the c-spine D) When the number of patients has been determined
B) At the end of the call
Your patient is a middle-aged man who appears to be in distress and is clutching his chest. These observations lead you to suspect which type of problem? A) Choking B) Cardiac C) Anaphylaxis D) Digestive
B) Cardiac
The mnemonic AVPU is used to evaluate which of the following? A) Patient's chief complaint B) Patient's level of responsiveness C) Patient's transport priority D) EMT's general impression of the patient's condition
B) Patient's level of responsiveness
You are called to a motor vehicle collision where the car is on fire. You should ensure safety by: A) borrowing turnout gear from the fire department. B) remaining a safe distance from the car until the fire is out. C) putting your unit back in service and leaving the scene. D) using your fire extinguisher to put out the fire.
B) remaining a safe distance from the car until the fire is out.
Your patient is breathing 4 shallow breaths per minute due to overdosing on his pain medication but he has a palpable radial pulse. He vomited prior to your arrival and is choking. You should: A) insert an oropharyngeal airway and ventilate. B) roll him onto his side to clear the airway. C) perform chest thrusts to clear the lungs. D) move the patient to the ambulance and suction.
B) roll him onto his side to clear the airway
The high-pitched sound caused by an upper airway obstruction is known as: A) gurgling. B) stridor. C) hoarseness. D) snoring.
B) stridor.
A list of potential diagnoses compiled early in the patient's assessment is known as which of the following? A) Emergency medical diagnosis B) Assessment-based diagnosis C) Differential diagnosis D) Traditional diagnosis
C)
A patient with a pulse rate of 120 beats per minute is considered which of the following? A) Dyscardic B) Normocardic C) Tachycardic D) Bradycardic
C)
During reassessment, you notice that your patient is making gurgling sounds. Which of the following should you do immediately? A) Assist ventilations with a bag-valve-mask device. B) Place the patient in the recovery position. C) Suction the airway. D) Increase the amount of oxygen being delivered to the patient.
C)
In a blood pressure reading of 120/80, what body process does the 120 measure? A) Diastolic blood pressure; when the left ventricle contracts and the blood is forced into the arteries B) Systolic blood pressure; when the right ventricle contracts and the blood is forced into the veins C) Systolic blood pressure; when the left ventricle contracts and the blood is forced into the arteries D) Diastolic blood pressure; when the right ventricle contracts and the blood is forced into the veins
C)
Mr. Hughes is a 49-year-old man complaining of chest pain. To find out about the quality of his chest pain, which of the following questions is most appropriate? A) On a scale of 0 to 10, with 10 being the worst, how would you rate your level of pain? B) Does anything make the pain worse? C) Can you describe how the pain in your chest feels? D) Are you having pain anywhere beside your chest?
C)
When checking breath sounds in a trauma patient, what should the EMT assess for first? A) Wheezing and stridor B) Rate and oxygen saturation C) Presence and equality D) Edema and rhonchi
C)
Which of the following can be correctly noted as a chief complaint? A) The patient had a respiratory rate of 44. B) The patient was confused. C) The patient stated that she felt sick. D) The patient was found sitting in the driver's seat of a full-size sedan.
C)
You are assessing a 55-year-old male complaining of chest pain and have determined that his radial pulse is barely palpable. You also determine that there were 20 pulsations over a span of 30 seconds. Based on this, how would you report this patient's pulse? A) Pulse 20, weak, and regular B) Pulse 20 and weak C) Pulse 40 and weak D) Pulse 40, weak, and irregular
C)
You are assessing a 76-year-old male patient who has been involved in a fall from a standing position. You have completed the scene size-up and primary assessment. What should you do next? A) Focused history assessment B) Ongoing assessment C) Secondary assessment D) Reassessment
C)
You are called to a 72-year-old patient with weakness and headache and an initial blood pressure of 140/92. Her repeat blood pressure at 5 minutes is unchanged. Her condition is called: A) stroke. B) prehypertension. C) hypertension. D) hypotension.
C)
You are caring for a teenager who is having a severe allergic reaction. He has hives all over his stomach, is having respiratory distress, and is wheezing. After you administer oxygen, you get a set of vital signs. Medical direction has ordered you to assist with administration of his EpiPen®. You will monitor the success of your interventions during the: A) primary assessment. B) secondary assessment. C) reassessment. D) focused exam.
C)
You are treating a patient with a possible fractured ankle. The patient appears to be in a lot of pain and is uneasy. As you are getting ready to splint the patient's leg, he asks you if it is going to hurt. Which of the following is the best response? A) "If you're stressed out like this, it's going to hurt a lot more." B) "Relax, this is not a painful procedure." C) "I will do my best, but it may hurt while we put the splint on." D) "It doesn't matter, we have to do it anyway."
C)
Your patient has a heart rate of 82, a respiratory rate of 16, and a blood pressure of 120/80 and does not appear to be in any distress. You should repeat vital sign measurements at least every: A) 5 minutes. B) 10 minutes. C) 15 minutes. D) 20 minutes.
C)
Your patient is a 24-year-old female who swallowed a handful of pills of unknown type. Although she was initially alert and oriented with no complaints, you note that she is now beginning to slur her words and is becoming progressively lethargic. What is the highest priority in dealing with this patient? A) Checking the patient's pupil size and reactivity to light B) Finding out exactly what she took C) Maintaining an open airway D) Notifying the receiving facility of the change in mental status
C)
The paramedic is intubating a patient and asks you to assist by gently pressing your thumb and index finger to either side of the throat just over the patient's Adam's apple. As you press, you gently direct the throat upward and to the patient's right. What is the purpose of this maneuver? A) It prevents the tube from entering the right mainstem bronchus. B) It lessens the patient's gag reflex and eases tube insertion. C) It pushes the patient's vocal cords into the paramedic's view. D) It keeps the tube from becoming displaced and entering the esophagus.
C) It pushes the patient's vocal cords into the paramedic's view.
As you are assessing a 32-year-old asthmatic woman who has called EMS due to difficulty breathing, her husband enters the home through a back door and shouts, "Get your hands off her; she doesn't need your help. She needs to be taught a lesson about her smart mouth." Which of the following is the best course of action? A) Attempt to remove the patient from the home and continue treatment en route to the hospital. B) Continue assessment and respond that the patient is sick and needs medical attention. C) Leave the scene and the patient, and then notify police. D) Let the husband know that his behavior is inappropriate, and if it continues you will call for the police.
C) Leave the scene and the patient, and then notify police.
An injury caused by an object that passes through the skin or other body tissue is known as which of the following? A) Cavitating trauma B) Puncturing trauma C) Penetrating trauma D) Impaling trauma
C) Penetrating trauma
Your patient, a 29-year-old female, was the front seat passenger in a vehicle that was struck in the passenger's side door by another vehicle that ran a red light. Which of the following is most likely to have occurred? A) The patient impacted the steering wheel with her chest, causing a fracture of the sternum. B) The patient took the down-and-under pathway, causing trauma to her lower extremities. C) The patient's body was pushed forcefully out from under her head, causing injury to the cervical spine. D) The patient took the up-and-over pathway, striking her head on the windshield.
C) The patient's body was pushed forcefully out from under her head, causing injury to the cervical spine.
A 21-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and audible wheezes, heart rate of 124, respiration 36; he has significantly altered mentation. What is the treatment for this patient? A) Supplement the breaths with high-concentration oxygen through a nonrebreather mask. B) Use a pocket mask, which will provide adequate oxygen to improve the patient's condition. C) Ventilate with a bag-valve mask with high oxygen or FROPVD. D) Give mouth-to-mouth breathing with a nasal cannula, providing the patient with an increase of oxygen.
C) Ventilate with a bag-valve mask with high oxygen or FROPVD.
You and your partner are en route to a motor vehicle crash involving a tanker truck on a rural road. Dispatch informs you that fluid is leaking from the truck, that there are several bystanders passed out on the ground near the cab of the truck, and that a caller has reported the code that appears on a placard attached to the tanker truck. You should: A) remove the bystanders from the scene. B) park about 50 feet from the truck. C) consult the Emergency Response Guidebook. D) park downwind from the tanker truck.
C) consult the Emergency Response Guidebook
You are ventilating an 85-year-old male without difficulty. A nurse tells you that the patient has dentures. To ensure a good mask seal, you should: A) tape the dentures in place. B) remove the dentures. C) leave the dentures in place. D) use an infant mask over the nose.
C) leave the dentures in place.
Your patient is a 42-year-old woman who fell two feet from a ladder and is complaining of pain in her ankle. Which of the following are you unable to determine from the information given? A) Chief complaint B) Airway status INCORRECT. The fact that the patient is verbally complaining of ankle pain indicates that she has a patent airway. C) General impression D) Transport priority
D
A device that uses wavelengths of light to measure oxygen saturation (SpO2) is called a(n): A) capnographer. B) sphygmomanometer. C) end tidal CO2 meter. D) pulse oximeter.
D)
The normal range for blood glucose is between 70 mg/dL and: A) 140 mg/dL. B) 160 mg/dL. C) 90 mg/dL. D) 100 mg/dL.
D)
What is the feeling of bone ends rubbing together called? A) Orthopnea B) Rhonchi C) Edema D) Correct! Crepitation
D)
When using the memory aid OPQRST, which of the following questions would help you find out about P? A) What is your primary complaint? B) Are you having any pain? C) Do you have any past medical history? D) Does anything make the pain better or worse?
D)
When using the memory aid SAMPLE, which of the following would you do to determine L? A) Look at the patient's pupils. B) Ask, "When was the last time you took your medicine?" C) Listen to the patient's lung sounds. D) Ask, "When was the last time you had anything to eat or drink?"
D)
While on the scene with an elderly chest pain call, you notice that your partner gets on one knee when talking to the seated patient. What is the best reason for an EMT to kneel down beside the patient? A) The younger EMT is acknowledging that the older patient is his elder. B) The EMT is kneeling to protect himself. C) The EMT can examine the patient's chest better. D) The EMT does not want to appear threatening or intimidating to the patient.
D)
You are called for a patient who is complaining of being weak and dizzy. He reports that he does not have enough money to pay for his medications so he has not gotten them refilled. Your service has an automatic blood pressure machine and you use it to measure the patient's blood pressure while you count his respirations. The blood pressure machine reports a blood pressure of 280/140. What should you do next? A) Call immediately for ALS response. B) Begin O2 therapy immediately. C) Continue with vital sign assessment. D) Take a manual blood pressure.
D)
You are en route to the hospital with a 22-year-old male patient who has suffered a very embarrassing injury to his genitalia. Which method of contacting the receiving facility will afford the patient the most privacy? Using the handheld radio A) Using the ambulance radio but not using the patient's name B) Using the ambulance radio but not providing details of the injury D) Providing the receiving hospital with all information via a cell phone
D)
You are on the scene of a 16-year-old patient in respiratory distress. The patient has a history of asthma. After placing the patient on oxygen and performing the primary and secondary assessments, you are confident that the patient is indeed having an asthma attack. How can you be sure your field diagnosis is accurate? A) Keep your EMT textbook with you on the ambulance and review it to confirm your diagnosis. B) Ask your partner her opinion; if she also agrees that it is asthma, the diagnosis is correct. C) Constantly reassess the patient to make sure you are correct. D) Think of all possible causes of respiratory distress and rule them in or out as potential diagnoses based on your clinical findings.
D)
You have a 38-year-old patient who has fainted. Following your local protocol, you use a pulse oximeter to determine the SpO2. You attach the device to the patient's finger; it gives you a reading of 91 percent. What does that reading indicate? A) Significant hypoxia B) Severe hypoxia C) Normal results D) Mild hypoxia
D)
You have a patient who is unresponsive on the floor. What is the best way to rule in or rule out trauma as a cause of the patient's unresponsiveness? A) Examine the patient for signs of Diabetes B) Perform a stroke scale on the patient. C) Check the patient's blood glucose to rule out hypoglycemia. D) Look for bystanders and ask them if they witnessed the incident.
D)
You suspect that a 6-year-old female patient with multiple bruises and a broken wrist was abused. The stepmother states the patient fell down the stairs. The patient is crying and sheepishly nods in agreement with the stepmother's statements. How should you document this situation in the patient report? A) Document who you suspect caused the injuries in the narrative so that law enforcement has a record of the incident. B) Document what was said as well as your opinion that the child was too afraid to tell the truth. C) Document only the actual exam findings. Do not document anything that was said. INCORRECT. The EMT should document all actual exam findings as well as any pertinent information relayed by the patient or other parties present. D) Document any pertinent information that was said by the mother and child exactly in quotations.
D)
Your 76-year-old female patient is having trouble breathing. When you auscultate her lungs, you hear crackles (rales), and you are concerned that she may have pulmonary edema. Her oxygen saturation is 92%, so you place her on 100% oxygen via a nonrebreather mask. Her breathing gets a little easier with the oxygen. You decide to expedite transport since she is anxious about her condition. Later, as you are completing your reassessment, you see that her respirations have slowed to 8 times per minute and she is barely staying awake. What should you do next? A) Ask your partner to pull over and wait for ALS backup. B) Assist her with using her metered-dose inhaler. C) Shake her to keep her awake. D) Begin ventilating her with a bag-valve mask.
D)
Your patient has been hit in the arm with a baseball during practice. He is alert and oriented, complaining of pain to his left arm with obvious black discoloration of the skin. What type of assessment is called for in this situation? A) Rapid trauma exam B) Detailed physical exam C) Area exam D) Focused exam
D)
Your patient is a 45-year-old female who complains of "twisting her ankle" when she slipped on a patch of ice. Which of the following is not appropriate? A) Questioning about any other complaints or areas of pain B) Secondary assessment C) Providing emotional support, if necessary D) Detailed head to toe physical exam
D)
Your patient is the 18-year-old male driver of a vehicle that struck a tree. He is conscious and complaining of neck pain. The passenger is obviously dead. You have performed your primary assessment. Which of the following is the next step? A) Immobilize the patient on a KED and perform a detailed examination in the ambulance. B) Rule out the possibility of cervical spine injury before moving the patient. C) Perform a tertiary assessment. D) Correct Answer Perform a rapid trauma assessment.
D)
Your patient is a 72-year-old female who has "twisted her ankle" coming down some steps. She is alert and complaining of pain in her right ankle, but she jokes about her "clumsiness." Which of the following should you do next? A) Take immediate manual control of the patient's cervical spine. B) Administer high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather mask. C) Determine the presence of a carotid pulse. D) Ask if the patient has pain anywhere beside her ankle.
D) Ask if the patient has pain anywhere beside her ankle.
The normal urge to breathe is stimulated by chemoreceptors that measure changing levels of what two gases? A) Hydrogen and carbon monoxide B) Carbon monoxide and oxygen C) Hydrogen and carbon dioxide D) Carbon dioxide and oxygen
D) Carbon dioxide and oxygen
What signs and symptoms would indicate inadequate breathing in a patient? A) Increased effort to breathe, increased depth of respiration, normal skin, normal mental status B) Rapid breathing, pale skin, and normal mental status C) Decreased depth of respiration, decreased rate of breathing, clammy skin, normal mental status D) Increased effort to breathe, cyanosis, clammy skin, altered mental status
D) Increased effort to breathe, cyanosis, clammy skin, altered mental status
You are at the scene where a 19-year-old female college student has been drinking large quantities of alcohol throughout the evening. On your arrival, the patient is lying on her back with no signs of trauma; has vomited; and has slow, wet sounding respirations. Which of the following should you do next? A) Determine the respiratory rate. B) Check for carotid and radial pulses. C) Assist respirations with a bag-valve-mask device. D) Open the patient's airway using a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver.
D) Open the patient's airway using a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver.
You are ventilating a cardiac arrest patient when he begins to vomit copious amounts of large pieces of undigested food. Which of the following would be most effective in clearing the airway? A) Using a rigid pharyngeal suction tip B) Irrigating the mouth with sterile water to dilute the material before suctioning C) Using a 14 French suction catheter D) Using large bore suction tubing without a tip or catheter attached
D) Using large bore suction tubing without a tip or catheter attached
Your patient is a 65-year-old male with a history of COPD. He is sitting up and complaining of a severe shortness of breath. You should: A) suction the airway with a rigid suction catheter. B) administer 4 lpm of oxygen via nasal cannula. C) insert a nasal airway and ventilate. D) apply a nonrebreather mask giving 15 lpm of oxygen.
D) apply a nonrebreather mask giving 15 lpm of oxygen.
You have performed a head tilt-chin lift maneuver on a 17-month-old boy and are attempting to ventilate him with a bag-valve mask. You are experiencing a lot of resistance with each breath and the chest is barely rising. Prior to attempting ventilations again, you should: A) finger sweep the airway. B) tilt the head back further. C) perform chest thrusts. D) ease the head forward a little to make sure the airway is open.
D) ease the head forward a little to make sure the airway is open.
You find a middle-aged unresponsive man lying prone on the ground near a ladder. You should: A) move the ladder out of the way. B) roll him over to a supine position. C) pick him up with a scoop stretcher. D) manually immobilize his head.
D) manually immobilize his head.
You enter a room to find a 16-year-old female sitting upright in a chair with her back straight, leaning forward, and her arms supporting her. She is having a hard time talking to you. You should suspect: A) abdominal pain. B) chest discomfort. C) allergic reaction. D) respiratory distress.
D) respiratory distress.
The process of air moving in and out of the chest is called: A) tidal volume. B) inhalation. C) respiration. D) ventilation.
D) ventilation.
