Exam 2 Heart

True or false, the valves of lymph vessels block proteins from entering.

.False

Which of the following is a long-term mechanism for BP regulation?

Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Which hormone directly apposes ANP (or ANH) by increasing sodium reabsorption in the kidneys?

Aldosterone

Which vessel type is the major control point for bloodperfusion of tissues?

Arterioles

What cardiac event corresponds to the P wave?

Atrial depolarization

A patient's ECG is markedly abnormal. The tracing shows increased number of small P waves, which are often not followed by a QRS complex. What condition is this consistent with?

Atrial fibrillation

All the following are vasoconstrictors, except which one?

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Which is not a defect associated with the tetralogy of Fallot?A. Ventricular septal defectB. Pulmonary valve rigidityC. Altered position of aortic valveD. Atrial septal defect

Atrial septal defect

What 2 types of receptors are involved in the neuralcontrol of blood pressure

Baroreceptors & chemoreceptors

Would ↑ CO₂ within tissue likely increase or decreaseblood flow?

Blood flow is increased viaautoregulation

Which one of the following would not be a consequence of narrowing a blood vessel?

Blood flow within the vessel would increase

What factors influence peripheral resistance?

Blood viscosity, vessel length & vesselradius

In which vessel type is blood pressure likely to be thehighest?

Conducting (large) arteries

Which vessel type has the most elastic fibers within thetunica media?

Conducting Arteries

The aorta is an example of which type of artery?

Conducting or elastic artery

Which coronary vessel lies on theposterior of the heart in thecoronary sulcus?

Coronary Sinus

I am having periodic chest pains. I have hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. My ECG reveals a depressed S-T segment. What is the likely diagnosis?

Coronary artery disease

Which of the following would be inconsistent with congestive heart failure?

Decreased heart rate

The blood leaving an atrium at the end of atrial systole equates to which of the following?

End diastolic volume

Pericardial cavity

Engulfs hart & Surrounds with Pericardial Fluid

Outmost Layer of Heart Innermost layer of the heart Middle Layer of heart

Epicardium Endocardium(Secretes NO2) Myocardium(Thickest)

Lymph node functions do not include which of the following?

Erythropoiesis

True of false, cardiac tamponade involves loss of or insufficientpericardial fluid.

False

True of false, in the heart's conducting system, theslowest conducting cell sets the pace electricalactivity.

False

True or false, lymphedema is acute inflammation of a lymph vessel

False

True or false, the right lymphatic duct drains lymph from the legs.

False

True or false, the thymus gland enlarges as we age due to increase immune activity.

False

True or false, veins are resistance vessels.

False

True or false, the rapid influx of Ca²⁺ through voltage-gated channels results in repolarization of the SAnode

False! The rapid influx of Ca²⁺through voltage-gated channels results indepolarization of the SA node.

Which cardiomyocte structureallows ions to flow from onecell to another?

Gap Junction

Which cardiomyocte structureallows ions to flow from onecell to another?

Gap junction

What closes the semilunar valves?

Increased arterial pressure

Which of the following would increase cardiac output?

Increased end diastolic volume

If preload was reduced, how might the body compensate to maintain normal cardiac output?

Increased heart rate

What closes the A-V valves?

Increased ventricular pressure

In which cardiac phase are all heart chambers indiastole?

Isovolumetric ventricularrelaxation and passive ventricular filling!

During which phase of the cardiac cycle is the S₁ heart sound heard?

Isovoulmetric Contraction

Which of the following is true regarding blood flow?

It increases with increased blood pressure difference

If a patient's SA node is not functioning, what effect would this have on his or her heart rate?

It would decrease

What effect is more prominent as vessel radiusincreases?

Laminar Flow

What type of vessel forms a shunt bypassing capillaryperfusion?

Metarterioles

Which of the following conditions would allow for abnormalmixing of blood between the left ventricle and the left atrium?A. Atrial septal defectB. Tricuspid valve stenosisC. Mitral valve prolapseD. Ventricular septal defect

Mitral Valve Prolapse

While auscultating my heart with a stethoscope, my primary healthcare provider hears "lub-swish-dub" instead of the normal "lub-dub". Which of the following is a possible cause?

Mitral valve prolapse

What is responsible for the long plateau inrepolarization of cardiomyocytes?

Opening of slow Ca²⁺ channels

How does sympathetic stimulation of the heart increase contractility and heart rate?

Opening sodium and calcium channels

An elderly patient experiences dizziness upon rising from a seated position. This is likely due to which of the following?

Orthostatic hypotension

During which phase of the cardiac cycle are all heart chambers in diastole?

Passive Ventricular Filling

Deoxygenated blood enters the lungs by way of which vessel or vessels?

Pulmonary arteries

What is the correct order of events in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (mechanism)?

Renin release, angiotensin I conversion to angiotensin II, aldosterone release

Which heart sound is normally heard duringisovolumetric ventricular relaxation

S2 Closure of semilunar valves

Which of the following is normally considered the"pacemaker" of the heart?

SA node

What is the normal pattern of cardiac electricalimpulses?

SA node → AV node → bundle branches →Purkinje fibers!

What capillary type is found within the spleen?

Sinusoidal

Which capillary type allows for protein & cell passage

Sinusoids

Which conductive cell membrane channels are primarily responsible for autorhythmicity?

Slow Sodium Channels

All the following are effects of angiotensin II except which one?

Stimulates release of atrial natriuretic hormone

Which organ would have decreased perfusion during exercise

Stomach

The blood leaving a ventricle during ejection equates to which of the following?

Stroke volume

Which of the following is a positive ionotropic agent/factor?

Sympathetic stimulation

Which of the following is not a function of the spleen?

Synthesis of thymosin

Which of the following is false regarding blood pressure?

Systolic BP is greater than MAP in capillaries

All the following are true during atrial systole phaseof cardiac cycle, except which one?

T wave occurs (Really p wave occurs)

During exercise, vasoconstriction would likely occur inwhat area of the body?

The digestive tract

All the following are negative chronotropic effects, except which one?

Thyroid hormone

True of false, atrial repolarization and ventriculardepolarization both occur during the QRS complex.

True

True of false, lymphatic capillaries have one-way valves, similar to veins

True

True or false, during ejection, ventricular pressureexceeds atrial pressures and arterial pressures

True

What structure within veins facilitates return flow tothe heart

Valves

Which of the following occurs during isovolumetricventricular contraction?

Ventricular Systole begins

Which of the following events occurs during isovolumetric ventricular contraction

Ventricular systole begins

Which of the following membrane channels of the contractile cardiomyocyte is responsible for the long plateau in the action potential, preventing tetani?

Voltage-gated slow calcium channels