Exam #2

antagonist

opposes an action, opposite of agonist

denpru

reversal agent for heparin (anticoagulant)

what kind of effect does caridopa-levodopa have?

synergistic, one helps the other

when would you NOT use lidocaine with epinephrine?

when treating areas near the ends of the periphery -fingers -toes -nose -penis -ears

do carbidopa levodopa cross the BBB?

yep!

what are MAOIs used for & what would you teach a patient about this drug

(atypical depression) used for inhibiting neurotransmitter breakdown. teaching: -rise slowly -note any N/V -anticholinergic effects -may cause sexual dysfunction -headaches -possible weakness -tremors -takes 2-4 weeks to show effects in everyday life *reacts BADLY to WI diet (tyramine) *assess for suicidal feelings

MAOIs

(monoamine oxidase inhibitors) -LAST RESORT -numerous food and drug interactions ("Wisco diet") -

SSRIs

(selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) -current 1st line therapy -safer and more effective -blocks reuptake of serotonin (keeps the serotonin in!)

Effects of barbituates/anxiolytics

- A feeling of euphoria, yet in a relaxed state, disinhibition of sexual/aggressive impulses, impaired judgement/attention memory - Combined with alcohol can lead to unconsciousness, seizure, coma, and death - Respiratory depression -Cardiac depression -Hypotension

assessments to do on someone taking anti-Parkinson's drugs

-are they taking their medication/ on time -do they take it on an empty stomach or with food (food causes a delay in absorption) -how much protein do they eat -any anticholinergic effects -N/V -possible psychosis

contraindications to NSAID therapy

-bleeding disorders -ulcers -if they are taking lithium!

lithium

-decreases neurotransmitter release by affecting sodium (Na+ ions) -SHORT 1/2 life -broken down in the kidneys -therapeutic range of 0.6-1.2 meq/L

adverse reaction with SSRIs

-dilated pupils -diarrhea -high fever (can cause death!)

what to assess for when a PT is taking a CNS stimulant

-insomnia -appetite -growth suppression -height and weight (kids) -abuse

how much concentration does the initial dose provide

100%

what generation is haloperidol ("conventional")

1st gen

Dyslipidemia

Abnormally elevated cholesterol or fats (lipids) in the blood.

what class causes the "salt trap" hypertensive crisis

MOAIs, because they cannot breakdown tyramine= cannot get rid of the salt

do you take lithium with food?

YES

To know about MOAI & TCA...

You can add an MOAI to a TCA regimen, but NOT the other way around!

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)

a group of second-generation antidepressant drugs that increase serotonin activity specifically, without affecting other neurotransmitters. -overdose can be lethal, but rare -takes up to 4 weeks to effect -LONG 1/2 life, allows for daily dosing -may experience sexual dysfunction -take in the morning to avoid insomnia -possible weight gain

a nurse is caring for an older adult who is taking acetaminophen for the relief of chronic pain. which substance is MOST important for the nurse to determine if the client is taking because it intensifies the most serious adverse effect of acetaminophen? a. alcohol b. caffeine c. saw palmetto d. St. John's Wart

a. alcohol

the nurse discusses basic neurotransmitter theory with students during their mental health rotation. education will be deemed successful if students identify that a decrease in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) will result in which outcome? a. anxiety b. depression c. paranoid schizophrenia d. dementia of the alzheimer type

a. anxiety

which drug increases the risk of Reye's syndrome in children? a. aspirin b. naloxone c. ibuprophen d. acetaminophen

a. aspirin

the laboratory calls to report that a hospitalized client's lithium level is 1.9 meq/L. how will the nurse respond to this information? a. by notifying the primary healthcare provider of the findings, because the level is dangerously high b. by monitoring the client closely, because the level of lithium in the blood is slightly high c. by continuing the administration of the medication as prescribed, because the level is within the therapeutic range d. by reporting the finding to the primary healthcare provider so the dosage can be increased, because the level is below the therapeutic range

a. by notifying the healthcare provider of the findings, because the level is dangerously high

a healthcare provider diagnoses attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a 7yo child and prescribes methylphenidate. the nurse discusses the child's treatment with the parents. what does the nurse emphasize as important for the parents to do? a. monitor the effect of the medication on their child's behavior b. increase or decrease the dosage, depending on the child's behavior c. avoid imposing too many rules, because this will frustrate the child d. point out to their child that behavior can be controlled

a. monitor the effect of the medication on their child's behavior

what drugs does the nurse anticipate that the primary healthcare provider will prescribe for a client demonstrating clinical manifestations associated with an opioid overdose? a. naloxone b. methadone c. epinephrine d. amphetamine

a. naloxone

antipsychotic drugs can cause extrapyramidal side effects. which responses does the nurse document as indicating pseudoparkinsonism? (select all that apply) a. rigidity b. tremors c. mydriasis d. photophobia e. bradykinesia

a. rigidity b. tremors e. bradykinesia

methylphenidate has been prescribed for a 7yo child with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and is to be taken with meals. what rationale does the nurse provide for the parents about the timing of medication administration? a. ritalin depresses appetite b. this will ensure proper absorption c. it is an oral mucous membrane irritant d. children tend to forget to take it before meals

a. ritalin depresses the appetite

while caring for a client on antidepressant therapy, the nurse observes hyperthermia and seizures. upon further assessment, the nurse finds that the client's heart rate is 200 beats per minute. which medication might be responsible for the condition? a. sertraline b. asenapine c. risperidone d. fluphenazine

a. sertraline

a client who has received instructions to take 650 mg aspirin every 6 hours as needed for arthritic pain. what should the nurse include in the client's medication teaching? (select all that apply) a. take the aspirin with meals or a snack b. make an appointment with a dentist if bleeding gums develop c. do not chew enteric-coated tablets d. switch to acetaminophen if tinnitus occurs e. report persistent abdominal pain

a. take the aspirin with meals or a snack c. do not chew enteric-coated tablets e. report persistent abdominal pain

what is the planned effect of naloxone when it is administered for a heroin overdose? a. to compete with opioids for occupancy of opioid receptors b. to prevent excessive withdrawal symptoms as heroin wears off c. to accelerate metabolism of heroin and stimulate respiratory centers d. to stimulate cortical sites that control consciousness and cardiovascular function

a. to compete with opioids for occupancy receptors

amitryptyline is an antidepressant medication used to treat anxiety disorders. the nurse recognizes that it is a member of which drug class? a. tricyclics b. monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) c. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) d. serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

a. tricyclics

the laboratory report of a client undergoing long-term treatment with lithium carbonate indicates a level of 1.5 meq/l. what will the nurse do? a. watch for signs of lithium toxicity b. expect an increase in manic behavior c. administer the next dose of lithium as prescribed d. ask the client whether they have been taking the medication

a. watch for signs of lithium toxicity

a client with depression was prescribed fluoxetine. after two days, the client arrives at the hospital and reports restlessness, confusion, and poor concentration. upon assessment, the nurse finds an elevated body temperature. which intervention by the healthcare provider would be beneficial to the patient? a. withdrawing the drug b. administering isocarboxazid c. reducing the dose of the drug d. informing the client that these are expected side effects

a. withdrawing the drug

while receiving an adrenergic beta2 agonist drug for asthma, the client complains of palpitations, chest pain, and a throbbing headache. what is the MOST appropriate nursing action? a. withhold the drug and notify the healthcare provider b. tell the client not to worry; these are expected side effects from the medicine c. give instructions to breathe deeply & slowly for several minutes d. explain that the effects are temporary and will subside as the body becomes accustomed to the drug

a. withhold the drug and notify the healthcare provider

an older adult in long-term care facility has been receiving 600 mg of lithium twice a day for 3 weeks to ease manic behavior. the client is experiencing nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, thirst, polyuria, slurred speech, and muscle weakness. what is the MOST appropriate nursing intervention? a. withholding the next dose of lithium and drawing blood to test it for toxicity b. obtaining a prescription for the antidote to lithium and administering it immediately c. suggesting that the primary healthcare provider replace the lithium for an anti-epileptic that will control the mania d. assessing the client for coarse hand tremor an , if it is present, giving the daily dose of lithium with a bit of water

a. withholding the next dose of lithium and drawing blood to test it for toxicity

a client receiving morphine is being monitored by the nurse for adverse effects of the drug, which clinical findings warrant immediate follow up by the nurse? (select all that supply) a. plyuria b. sedation c. bradycardia d. dilated pupils e. slow respirations

b. sedation c. bradycardia e. slow respirations

the nurse finds the respiratory rate is 8 breaths per minute in a client who is on intravenous morphine sulfate. what should the nurse do immediately in this situation? a. measure other vital signs b. stop administering the medication c. elevate the head of the client's bed d. report to the primary healthcare provider

b. stop administering the medication

a nurse recalls that the blockage of dopamine by antipsychotic dugs can cause extrapyramidal side effedts such as akathesia. which client behaviors reflect the presence of akathesia? a. acute muscle spasms and torticollis b. bizarre facial and tongue movements c. motor restlessness, foot tapping, and pacing d. tremor, shuffling gait, drooling, and rigidity

c. motor restlessness, foot tapping, and pacing

a client who is postoperative hip replacement is receiving morphine by patient-controlled analgesia and has a respiratory rate of 6 breaths/minute. what intervention should the nurse anticipate? a. nasotracheal suction b. mechanical ventilation c. naloxone administration d. cardiopulmonary resuscitation

c. naloxone administration

a nurse is caring for a client who is receiving aspirin therapy. which drug clinical indicator would be related to this therapy? a. urinary calculi b. atrophy of the liver c. prolonged bleeding time d. premature erythrocyte destruction

c. prolonged bleeding time

a client receives a prescription for morphine via patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). before beginning administration of this medication, what should the nurse assess first? a. temperature b. blood pressure c. respirations d. urinary output

c. repirations

a client is responding within 5 minutes of receiving naloxone to combat respiratory depression from an overdose of heroin. why will a nurse continue to closely monitor this client's status? a. the drug may cause peripheral neuropathy b. naloxone and heroin can cause cardiac depression when combined c. symptoms of the heroin overdose may return after the naloxone is metabolized d. hyper-excitability and amnesia may cause the client to thrash about and become abusive

c. symptoms of the heroin overdose may return after the naloxone is metabolized

a client with depression is to be given fluoxetine. what precaution will the nurse consider when initiating treatment with this drug? a. it must be given with milk and crackers to prevent hyperacidity and discomfort b. eating cheese or pickled herring or drinking wine may cause a hypertensive crisis c. the blood level may not be sufficient to cause noticeable improvement for 2-4 weeks d. the blood level should be checked weekly for 3 months to monitor for an appropriate level

c. the blood level may not be sufficient to cause noticeable improvement for 2-4 weeks

what should the nurse include when teaching a client with severe Parkinson's disease about carbidopa-levodopa? a. multivitamins should be taken daily b. alcohol consumption should be in moderation c. the medication should be taken with meals d. a high-protein diet should be followed

c. the medication should be taken with meals

a nurse is teaching an older adult client about managing chronic pain with acetaminophen. which client statement indicates that the teaching is effective? a. "I can drink beer with this, but not wine" b. "I need to limit my intake of acetaminophen to 650 mg a day" c. "I should take an emetic if I accidentally overdose on the acetaminophen" d. "I have to be careful about which OTC cold prescriptions I take when I have a cold"

d. "I have to be careful about which OTC cold prescriptions I take when I have a cold"

a nurse is taking the health history of a client who is to have surgery in one week. the nurse identifies that the client is taking ibuprofen for discomfort associated with osteoarthritis and notifies the healthcare provider. which drug does the nurse expect will MOST likely be prescribed instead of the ibuprofen? a. naproxen b. aspirin c. ketorolac d. acetaminophen

d. acetaminophen

a client has recently started taking a new neuroleptic drug and the nurse notes extrapyramidal effects. which drug does the nurse anticipate will be prescribed to limit these side effects? a. zolpidem b. hydroxyzine c. dantrolene d. benztropine mesylate

d. benztropine mesylate

which medication is the FIRST choice drug for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? a. clonidine b. guanfacine c. atomoxetine d. methylphenidate

d. methylphenidate

a nurse is evaluating a client who received intravenous morphine. which life-threatening response indicates the potential need for naloxone administration? a. blurred vision b. urinary retention c. mental confusion d. respiratory depression

d. respiratory depression

a nurse is caring for a group of clients on the psychiatric unit. what clinical findings will alert the nurse that serotonin syndrome has developed in one of the clients? a. continuous involuntary movement of the tongue and jaw b. extremely high blood pressure with headache and flushing c. blurred vision, urine retention, dry mouth, and constipation d. restlessness, tachycardia, fever, diarrhea, and altered mental status

d. restlessness, tachycardia, fever, diarrhea, and altered mental status

sertraline is prescribed for a depressed client. what information does the nurse include when teaching the client about this drug? a. the drug can cause a hypertensive crisis b. the drug interferes with the re-uptake of norepinephrine c. specific foods should be avoided when one is taking the drug d. several weeks may pass before the effects of the drug become evident

d. several weeks may pass before the effects of the drug become evident

how often and when do you test lithium levels

every week and blood test taken in the morning before next dose

s/s of anxiety

flight of thoughts, difficulty concentrating, SOB, feeling faint

what is the antidote for benzodiazepines?

flumozinal

what does GAD stand for

generalized anxiety disorder

duration of action

how long the drug will exert effects

when should SSRIs be taken and why

in the morning, to try to avoid insomnia

akathesia

inability to remain still; motor restlessness and anxiety- constant movement

what does wide therapeutic effect mean for availability

it has little/no effect on availability- relates to toxicity

what does the "protein bus" mean

it means that highly protein bound drugs ride around and are not readily available for use

why is levodopa taken in conjunction with another medication

levodopa is combined with carbidopa because carbidopa helps you USE the dopamine that levodopa produces

what prototype treats antimania

lithium (Lithobid)

what do you not give NSAIDs with and why

lithium! because NSAIDs keep levels HIGH

what is psychosis

loss of contact with reality

Agranulosis

lowers WBC count, decreased ability to fight illness

dantrolene is used for what

manage the muscle contractions exhibited by malignant hyperthermia by stimulating reuptake of calcium ions

parkinsonian

mask-like, expression doesn't match movement, RIGID

bipolar disorder

mood disorder where they swing from depression to euphoria, extreme highs and extreme lows. -chronic, lasts their entire life -need to be put on mood stabilizing drugs *many stop taking their meds because life starts feeling dull, also assess for suicidal idealizations as well

what is a real reason why SSRIs are not taken when patients are administering their own meds?

sexual dysfunction

identify sites of metabolism and what can alter it

sites: kidneys and liver alters: grapefruit juice, age, hormones, disease (if the organ that a drug is to be metabolized in is having problems, switch for a drug metabolized elsewhere)

atropine is used for what?

treating anticholinergic effects

dystonia

uncontrolled muscle contractions

Aripiprazole mechanism of action

unknown of all actions, but effects dopamine & serotonin receptors

narcan

used for opioid overdose

education to be given to someone switching from a MAOI to an SSRI

taper off the tranylcypromine and begin fluoxetine in 2-5 weeks

what does the nurse know if a drug is highly protein bound

that less drug is available to the patient

therapeutic index

the drugs' therapeutic effects vs toxic effects

when administering a medication that has a half life of 4 hours, you know what about the therapeutic effect

the patient will receive 50% of the medication in 4 hours

peak action

the time frame in which the drug hits it's max effect

onset of action

the time when the drug's effects will first begin

teaching points for CNS stimulants

1. eat before medication administration 2. take at the same time every day 3. be aware of school policies 4. pay attention to kids' growth/weight 5. keep activity log of symptoms

what needs to be present to give the diagnosis of depression

5 elements relating to depression present most of the day, nearly every day, for a period of at least 2 weeks

oral phenobarbital 30 mg every 6 hours is prescribed for a toddler who has had a seizure. a bottle of phenobarbital liquid labeled 20 mg/ 4 ml is available. how much solution (ml) will the nurse administer? (whole number)

6 ml

tricyclics

A class of antidepressant drugs that increase the level of norepinephrine and serotonin. -1st available in western medicine -blocks serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake

what are the desired outcomes that the nurse expects when administering ibuprofen? (select all that apply) a. diuresis b. pain relief c. antipyresis d. bronchodilation e. anticoagulation f. reduced inflammation

b. pain relief c. antipyresis f. reduced inflammation

a client who takes four 325-mg tablets of be=uffered aspirin four times a day for severe arthritis complains of dizziness and ringing in the ears. which complication does the nurse conclude that the client probably is experiencing? a. salicylate toxicity b. anaphylactic reaction c. withdrawl symptoms d. acetaminophen overdose

a. salicylate toxicity

Dilantin (phenytoin)

Anticonvulsant. -treats: seizure type disorders -class: anticonvulsant -side effects: narrow therapeutic index, cautious dosing -education: GOOD ORAL HYGIENE, use back up BCP, wear medic alert tag, use seizure frequency chart (if applicable)

anticholinergic=

DRY -can't piss, can't shit, can't spit -dries out mucous membranes -production of fluid/secretions reduced overall

can you take a synergistic medication with alcohol?

NO

can bipolar disorder be treated with only non-pharmacological means?

NO, it MUST be treated with pharmaceuticals

mucomyst

antidote for acetaminophen toxicity

a client is taking phenytoin to treat clonic-tonic seizures. the client's phenytoin level is 16 mcg/L. which action should the nurse take? a. hold the medication and notify the healthcare provider b. administer the next dose of the medication as prescribed c. hold the next dose and then resume administration as prescribed d. call the healthcare provider to obtain a prescription with an increased dose

b. administer the next dose of the medication as prescribed

which statements are true regarding the pharmacokinetic changes observed in infants? (select all that apply) a. an infant's fat content is higher b. an infant's gastric pH is less acidic c. an infant's gastric emptying is slow d. an infant's first-pass metabolism is slow e. an infant's transdermal absorption is rapid

b. an infant's gastric pH is less acidic c. an infant's gastric emptying is slow d. an infant's first-pass metabolism is slow

neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a potentially fatal reaction to antipsychotic therapy. what signs and symptoms of this syndrome will the nurse identify? (select all that apply) a. jaundice b. diaphoresis c. hyperrigidity d. hyperthermia e. photosensitivity

b. diaphoresis c. hyperrigidity d. hyperthermia

a client with arthritis is taking large doses of aspirin. what symptom does the nurse include when teaching the client about the clinical manifestations of aspirin toxicity? a. feelings of drowsiness b. disturbances in hearing c. intermittent constipation d. metallic taste in the mouth

b. disturbances in hearing

what medication does the nurse expect to administer to actively reverse the overdose sedative effects of benzodiazepines? a. lithium b. flumazenil c. methadone d. chlorpromazine

b. flumazenil

a client is hospitalized with social anxiety disorder. the client has a history of exhibiting intense, irrational fear of being scrutinized by others. which primary anxiolytic medications would be prescribed to the client? (select all that apply) a. sertraline b. paroxetine c. alprazolam d. venlafaxine e. clonazepam

c. alprazolam e. clonazepam

a client's serum lithium level is 0.2 meq/l. what is the nurse's interpretation of this finding? a. within toxic range b. borderline toxic range c. below therapeutic range d. borderline therapeutic range

c. below therapeutic range

annedonia

complete disinterest in things once loved

the primary healthcare provider prescribes the tricyclic antidepressant imitriptamine for a client with depression. the client asks the nurse what the medication will do. how does the nurse respond? a. "it will help you forget why you are depressed" b. "it will help keep you alert and cure your insomnia" c. "it will help you feel better after taking it for several days" d. "it will help you feel better, but make sure to report feelings of self-harm"

d. "it will help you feel better, but make sure to report feelings of self-harm"

tardive dyskinesia

involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs- tics, winks

the patient wants to know when they will start feeling the effects of the medication they're taking- what answer would you give them as for what this is called

onset of action

agonist effect

produces an action- typical for said substance

factors that affect drug absorption

-molecular size -route of administration -presence of other substance -lipid water solubility -patient's diet

what can affect drug absorption

-protein content (the less protein bound, the EASIER) -urine pH -metabolic inhibitors -drug concentrations

adverse reactions for tricyclics

-urinary reactions -SIGNIFICANT orthostatic hypotension -INCREASED risk of seizures! -overdose can be FATAL!

therapeutic range for lithium

0.6-1.2 meq/l

how long until a drug can be proved "ineffective"

1 month

how long until tricyclics are usually taking effect

1-3 weeks

how many weeks until depression meds take effect

1-4 weeks

what generation is aripiprazole ("atypical")

2nd gen

how long must treatment continue for trycyclic and SSRIs?

4-9 months for BOTH

what drug class is effective in treating atypical depression?

MAOIs

what depression drug can also be used to treat a diagnosis of depression and anxiety combination

Prozac (SSRIs)

a client is admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of Parkinson disease. what medication does the nurse expect the healthcare provider to prescribe to relieve the client's physiologic responses to this disease? a. carbidopa-levodopa b. isocarboxazid c. selegiline d. dopamine e. pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

a. carbidopa-levodopa

which is the current 1st line of therapy for depression?

SSRIs

drug management for acetaminophen overdose

acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)- anitdote

what does low first pass effect and loose protein binding mean

adequate amounts of drug are available

aspirin is prescribed on a regular schedule for a client with rheumatoid arthritis. the nurse understands that the drug is being used PRIMARILY for which of its properties. a. analgesic b. antipyretic c. antiinflammatory d. antiplatelet

d. antiinflammatory

a nurse is providing instructions for a client who is receiving phenytoin but has limited access to health care. what side effect is the basis for the nurse's emphasis on meticulous oral hygiene? a. hyperplasia of the gums b. alkalinity of the oral secretions c. irritation of the gingiva and destruction of tooth enamel d. promotion of plaque and bacterial growth at the gum line

a. hyperplasia of the gums

a client is brought by ambulance to the ED. the client's signs and symptoms are indicative of opioid overdose. what does the nurse expect the primary healthcare provider to prescribe? a. naloxone b. methadone c. epinephrine d. amphetamine

a. naloxone

why would someone switch from Luminal to Ativan?

ativan has a wider (safer) therapeutic index

Phenobarbitol (Luminal)

barbiturate, Long Acting (Class IV Controlled Drug), Used primarily as an anticonvulsant to control seizures. -treats: anxiety -class: CNS depressant -side effects: low respiration rate/BP/pulse -education: do not take other CNS depressants (no alcohol), do not stop abruptly, do not double dose, do not drive or operate heavy machinery, monitor for abuse, fall prenventions

what is the benefit/ sucky part of dilantin

benefit: it is the first medication to suppres seizures without suppressing the whole CNS sucky: narrow therapeutic range

tricyclic antidepressants

block reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. -overdose can be LETHAL -1-3 weeks to see benefit -increased risk for seizures- chart them! -anticholinergic effects- good oral care! -slow to rise to avoid othostatic hypotension effects

a nurse is reviewing a list of current medications with a client who has developed gastrointestinal bleeding. which medication prescription should the nurse discuss with the primary healthcare provider? a. digoxin b. ibuprofen c. famotidine d. atorvostatin

b. ibuprofen

a nurse is teaching the parents of a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) about the prescribed medication methylphenidate. when will the daily dose be administered? a. before breakfast b. just after breakfast c. immediately before lunch d. as soon as the child awakens

b. just after breakfast

a client who has been taking ibuprofen for rheumatoid arthritis asks the nurse if acetaminophen can be substituted instead. what is the appropriated nursing response? a. "acetaminophen is the preferred treatment for rheumatoid arthritis" b. "acetaminophen irritates the stomach more than ibuprofen does" c. "ibuprofen has antiinflammatory properties and acetaminophen does not" d. "yes, both are antipyretics and have the same effect"

c. "ibuphrofen has antiinflammatory properties and acetaminophen does not"

a client asks the nurse how psychotropic medications work. how does the nurse reply? a. "these medications decrease the metabolic needs of your brain" b. "these medications increase the production of healthy nervous tissue" c. "these medications affect the chemicals used in the communication between nerve cells" d. "these medications regulate the sensory input received from the external environment"

c. "these medications affect the chemicals used in the communication between nerve cells"

a nurse is teaching the parents of a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. what does the nurse include as the MOST frequently prescribed medication for this disorder? a. lorazepam b. haloperidol c. methylphenidate d. methocarbamol

c. methylphenidate

synergistic effect

combined effect of two or more drugs is greater than the effect of each drug alone

what do psychotropic drugs treat

mental/mood disorders anxiety depression

30 minutes after administering fluphenazine to a client, the nurse notes that the client's jaw is rigid, the client is drooling, and speech is slurred. there are a number of as-needed prescriptions in the client's chart. which will the nurse administer? a. diazepam, 10 mg by mouth b. trihexyphenidyl, 1 mg by mouth c. haloperidol, 2mg intramuscularly d. benztropine, 2 mg IM

d. benztropine, 2 mg IM

a client is in the hyperactive phase of a mood disorder, bipolar type, is recieving lithium. a nurse sees that the client's lithium blood level is 1.8 meq/l. what is the MOST appropriate nursing action? a. continuing the usual dose of lithium and noting any adverse reactions b. discontinuing the drug until the lithium serum level drops to 0.5 meq/L c. asking the primary healthcare provider to increase the dose of lithium, because the blood lithium level is too low d. holding the drug and notifying the primary healthcare provider immediately, because the blood lithium level may be toxic

d. holding the drug and notifying healthcare provider immediately, because the blood lithium level may be toxic