Exam 2- Nutrition 2010- (for reals!) chapter 4

which fiber type increases intestinal transit time?

Insoluble (nonfermentable) fiber

name the long, straight-chain type of starch that makes up about 20% of digestible starch. a. glucose b. amylase c. amylopectin d. amylose

amylose

vegetables, beans, breads, pasta, and rice are common food sources of a. amylose b. lactose c. sugar alcohols d. lipids

amylose

what is a digestible straight-chain type of starch composed of glucose units called? a. amylopectin b. insoluble fiber c. amylose d. soluble fiber

amylose

lactose is the main carbohydrate found in a. dairy foods b. whole grains c. refined grains d. legumes

dairy foods

secondary lactose malnutrition

decreased production of lactase due to a specific cause, such as an intestinal virus

As intake of added sugars increases, dietary quality a. decreases b. increases c. stays the same

decreases

primary lactose maldigestion

develops around the ages of 3-5, is chronically decreased production of lactose with no apparent cause

Pectin, inulin, hemicellulose, resistant starch, and cellulose are referred to as: a. dietary fiber b. non starch polysaccharides in foods c. starch d. disaccharides

dietary fiber and Non starch polysaccharides in foods

The three components of a grain seed or kernel include: a. membrane b. endosperm c. bran d. germ

endosperm, bran, germ.

true or false: Most cases of type 1 diabetes begin with an immune system disorder, which causes destruction of the insulin-producing cells in the liver

false

true or false: there is not sufficient evidence to link intake of sugar sweetened beverages to risk of obesity

false

what is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body? a. to provide structure to the cells of the body. b. to provide energy for the body c. to build muscle. d. to insulate the body.

to provide energy for the body

True or False: compared to Caucasians in the United States, Latino/Hispanic Americans, African Americans, Asian Americans, Native Americans, and pacific Islanders are the increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes?

true

True or false: because of its branched structure that can be broken down quickly, glycogen is an ideal storage form of carbohydrate in the body.

true

true or false: The liver and muscles are the major storage sites for glycogen

true

true or false: obesity is linked to a diet high in refined grains and added sugars

true

true or false: the main function of glucose is to provide the body with a source of fuel.

true

name the long, straight-chain starch that makes up about 20% of digestible starch. a. amylopectin b. amylase c. glucose d. amylose

amylose

wheat bran, nuts, fruit skins, and some vegetables are food sources of ___ fiber

insoluable

fiber is a type of a. amylopectin b. polysaccharide c. amylose d. starch

polysaccharide

which of the following is a benefit of soluble fiber? a. reduces total serum protein. b. reduces total serum HDL. c. Reduces total serum cholesterol.

reduces total serum cholesterol

which of the following is a type of complex carbohydrate? a. glucose b. peptides c. starch d. sucrose

starch

which of the following is a type of complex carbohydrate? a. sucrose b. starch c. glucose d. peptides

starch

amylase

straight chain of glucose units

plants use energy from the ___ to combine form the air and water from the solid, thus forming glucose and releasing oxygen into the air.

sun

When children and teenagers drink an excess of sugar-sweetened soft drinks in place of milk, this can compromise bone health because milk is a rich source of which bone-building nutrients? a. sodium b. vitamin K c. vitamin D d. Calcium

vitamin D and Calcium

when is glucose most likely to produce fat? a. with deficiency of vitamin B-6 b. when glycogen stores are low c. when overall calorie needs are exceeded

when overall calorie needs are exceeded

choose the food that will have the most fiber. a. orange soda b. orange juice with pulp c. orange flavored drink d. whole orange

whole orange

what is the adequate intake level of fiber in adult women? a. 25 g b. 20 g c. 22g d. 38g

25 g

what is the adequate intake level of dietary fiber for men? a. 38 grams b. 18 grams c. 25 grams d. 48 grams

38 grams

what percent of calories in the diet should come from carbohydrates? a. 10-15% b. 25-35% c. 35-45% d. 45-65%

45-65%

who is at the highest risk of over consuming of empty calories in place of nutrients essential for growth? a. children b. infants c. adults

children

which of the following are benefits of including some insoluble fiber in the diet? a. acts as a natural laxative b. reduces blood cholesterol. c. reduces transit time of feces. d. reduces blood glucose.

Acts as a natural laxative and reduces transit time of feces.

Choose risk factors for type 2 diabetes. a. history of gestational diabetes b. family history of diabetes c. rural living d. physical inactivity e. obesity, especially upper-body obesity f. prediabetes

history of gestational diabetes, family history of diabetes, physical inactivity, obesity, especially upper-body obesity, and prediabetes

fiber is a type of: a. amylopectin b. amylose c. starch d. polysaccharide

polysaccharide

which type of carbohydrate us formed by linking many of glucose units together? a. polysaccharides b. saccharin c. monosaccharides d. disaccharides

polysaccharides

Because of its branched polysaccharide structure, ____ is digested more rapidly than ____ a. amylopectin; amylose b. amylose; amylopectin c. cellulose; glycogen

amylopectin; amylose

True or false: to avoid constipation, adequate fiber and water should be consumed.

True

which description best describes starch? a. Substances in plant foods not digested by the process that takes place in the stomach or small intestine. b. A carbohydrate made up of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest. c. a simple carbohydrate d. a six-carbon monosaccharide that usually exists in a ring form.

a carbohydrate made up of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest

which of the following statements about fiber are true? a. a substance found in plants. b. can be digested by human enzymes. c. adds bulk to feces. d. is a complex carbohydrate.

a substance found in plants, adds bulk to feces, and is a complex carbohydrate

which polysaccharide is a digestible, branched-chain type of starch composed of glucose units? a. insoluble fiber b. amylose c. amylopectin d. soluble fiber

amylopectin

soluble fiber_____ the absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine into the blood. a. does not affect b. decreases c. increases

b. decreases

for a grain to be considered a whole grain, the grain must contain the germ, endosperm, and: a. gluten b. pith c. enamel d. bran

bran

which of the following food choices comply with the recommendations of the dietary guidelines? a. choose frozen blueberries with no added sugars instead of sweetened frozen berries b. add baked acorn squash as a side with dinner c. choose brown rice instead of white rice in a recipe d. start your day with a fortified breakfast cereal made with refined grains and added sugars

choose frozen berries with no added sugars instead of sweetened frozen berries, add baked acorn squash as side with dinner , choose brown rice instead of white rice in a recipe

The Dietary Guidelines urges Americans to: a. consume 3 or more ounces/ day of grains, making half the choices from whole grains. b. chooses fiber-rich fruits, vegetables, and grains often. c. consumes only whole grain. d. incorporates at least 3 ounces/ day of refined grains.

consume 3 or more ounces per day of grains, making half the choices from whole grains, and choose fiber-rich, vegetables, and grains often.

which of the following can assist the digestion of carbohydrates even before food enters the mouth? a. storing food in the refrigerator. b. storing food at room temperature. c. freezing food. d. cooking food

cooking food

a high-fiber diet may improve blood cholesterol measurements because: a. increased insulin secretion results in lower cholesterol synthesis in the liver b. fatty acids produced during fermentation of soluble fiber in the larger intestine may reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver. c. high-fiber foods are rich in heart-healthy HDLs and low in LDLs. d. soluble fiber inhibits cholesterol absorption from the small intestine.

fatty acids produced during fermentation of soluble fiber in the large intestine may reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver, and soluble fiber inhibits cholesterol absorption from the small intestine..

Sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides: glucose and a. galactose b. glucose c. fructose

fructose

what is the major monosaccharide in the body? a. galactose b. sucrose c. fructose d. glucose

glucose

which of the following are monosaccharides? a. glucose b. fructose c. galactose d. sucrose

glucose, fructose, and galactose

which grouping contains all monosaccharides? a. glucose, fructose, galactose b. lactose, fructose, sucrose c. glucose, sucrose, fructose d. Maltose, fructose, galactose

glucose, fructose, glucose

The advantage of the branched structure of ___ is that it allows multiple enzymes to attach to its structure and break it apart quickly a. glucose b. glycogen c. sucrose

glycogen

glucose can be stored in the liver or muscle tissue in the form of a. amino acids b. starch c. soluble fiber d. glycogen

glycogen

glucose can be stored in the liver or muscle tissue in the form of a. glycogen b. amino acids c. starch d. soluble fiber

glycogen

what are the forms of carbohydrate that can be used by the cell as fuel? a. fiber b. glycogen c. polypeptides d. glucose

glycogen and glucose

choose the substances that are classified as dietary fiber. a. gums b. cellulose c. pectins d. amylose e. hemicelluloses

gums, cellulose, pectins, hemicelluloses

amylopectin

highly branched chain of glucose units

Lactose ___ is a condition in which significant symptoms, such as abdominal gas and bloating appear as a result of severe lactose maldigestion

intolerance