Exam 2- Nutrition 2010- (for reals!) chapter 4
which fiber type increases intestinal transit time?
Insoluble (nonfermentable) fiber
name the long, straight-chain type of starch that makes up about 20% of digestible starch. a. glucose b. amylase c. amylopectin d. amylose
amylose
vegetables, beans, breads, pasta, and rice are common food sources of a. amylose b. lactose c. sugar alcohols d. lipids
amylose
what is a digestible straight-chain type of starch composed of glucose units called? a. amylopectin b. insoluble fiber c. amylose d. soluble fiber
amylose
lactose is the main carbohydrate found in a. dairy foods b. whole grains c. refined grains d. legumes
dairy foods
secondary lactose malnutrition
decreased production of lactase due to a specific cause, such as an intestinal virus
As intake of added sugars increases, dietary quality a. decreases b. increases c. stays the same
decreases
primary lactose maldigestion
develops around the ages of 3-5, is chronically decreased production of lactose with no apparent cause
Pectin, inulin, hemicellulose, resistant starch, and cellulose are referred to as: a. dietary fiber b. non starch polysaccharides in foods c. starch d. disaccharides
dietary fiber and Non starch polysaccharides in foods
The three components of a grain seed or kernel include: a. membrane b. endosperm c. bran d. germ
endosperm, bran, germ.
true or false: Most cases of type 1 diabetes begin with an immune system disorder, which causes destruction of the insulin-producing cells in the liver
false
true or false: there is not sufficient evidence to link intake of sugar sweetened beverages to risk of obesity
false
what is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body? a. to provide structure to the cells of the body. b. to provide energy for the body c. to build muscle. d. to insulate the body.
to provide energy for the body
True or False: compared to Caucasians in the United States, Latino/Hispanic Americans, African Americans, Asian Americans, Native Americans, and pacific Islanders are the increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes?
true
True or false: because of its branched structure that can be broken down quickly, glycogen is an ideal storage form of carbohydrate in the body.
true
true or false: The liver and muscles are the major storage sites for glycogen
true
true or false: obesity is linked to a diet high in refined grains and added sugars
true
true or false: the main function of glucose is to provide the body with a source of fuel.
true
name the long, straight-chain starch that makes up about 20% of digestible starch. a. amylopectin b. amylase c. glucose d. amylose
amylose
wheat bran, nuts, fruit skins, and some vegetables are food sources of ___ fiber
insoluable
fiber is a type of a. amylopectin b. polysaccharide c. amylose d. starch
polysaccharide
which of the following is a benefit of soluble fiber? a. reduces total serum protein. b. reduces total serum HDL. c. Reduces total serum cholesterol.
reduces total serum cholesterol
which of the following is a type of complex carbohydrate? a. glucose b. peptides c. starch d. sucrose
starch
which of the following is a type of complex carbohydrate? a. sucrose b. starch c. glucose d. peptides
starch
amylase
straight chain of glucose units
plants use energy from the ___ to combine form the air and water from the solid, thus forming glucose and releasing oxygen into the air.
sun
When children and teenagers drink an excess of sugar-sweetened soft drinks in place of milk, this can compromise bone health because milk is a rich source of which bone-building nutrients? a. sodium b. vitamin K c. vitamin D d. Calcium
vitamin D and Calcium
when is glucose most likely to produce fat? a. with deficiency of vitamin B-6 b. when glycogen stores are low c. when overall calorie needs are exceeded
when overall calorie needs are exceeded
choose the food that will have the most fiber. a. orange soda b. orange juice with pulp c. orange flavored drink d. whole orange
whole orange
what is the adequate intake level of fiber in adult women? a. 25 g b. 20 g c. 22g d. 38g
25 g
what is the adequate intake level of dietary fiber for men? a. 38 grams b. 18 grams c. 25 grams d. 48 grams
38 grams
what percent of calories in the diet should come from carbohydrates? a. 10-15% b. 25-35% c. 35-45% d. 45-65%
45-65%
who is at the highest risk of over consuming of empty calories in place of nutrients essential for growth? a. children b. infants c. adults
children
which of the following are benefits of including some insoluble fiber in the diet? a. acts as a natural laxative b. reduces blood cholesterol. c. reduces transit time of feces. d. reduces blood glucose.
Acts as a natural laxative and reduces transit time of feces.
Choose risk factors for type 2 diabetes. a. history of gestational diabetes b. family history of diabetes c. rural living d. physical inactivity e. obesity, especially upper-body obesity f. prediabetes
history of gestational diabetes, family history of diabetes, physical inactivity, obesity, especially upper-body obesity, and prediabetes
fiber is a type of: a. amylopectin b. amylose c. starch d. polysaccharide
polysaccharide
which type of carbohydrate us formed by linking many of glucose units together? a. polysaccharides b. saccharin c. monosaccharides d. disaccharides
polysaccharides
Because of its branched polysaccharide structure, ____ is digested more rapidly than ____ a. amylopectin; amylose b. amylose; amylopectin c. cellulose; glycogen
amylopectin; amylose
True or false: to avoid constipation, adequate fiber and water should be consumed.
True
which description best describes starch? a. Substances in plant foods not digested by the process that takes place in the stomach or small intestine. b. A carbohydrate made up of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest. c. a simple carbohydrate d. a six-carbon monosaccharide that usually exists in a ring form.
a carbohydrate made up of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest
which of the following statements about fiber are true? a. a substance found in plants. b. can be digested by human enzymes. c. adds bulk to feces. d. is a complex carbohydrate.
a substance found in plants, adds bulk to feces, and is a complex carbohydrate
which polysaccharide is a digestible, branched-chain type of starch composed of glucose units? a. insoluble fiber b. amylose c. amylopectin d. soluble fiber
amylopectin
soluble fiber_____ the absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine into the blood. a. does not affect b. decreases c. increases
b. decreases
for a grain to be considered a whole grain, the grain must contain the germ, endosperm, and: a. gluten b. pith c. enamel d. bran
bran
which of the following food choices comply with the recommendations of the dietary guidelines? a. choose frozen blueberries with no added sugars instead of sweetened frozen berries b. add baked acorn squash as a side with dinner c. choose brown rice instead of white rice in a recipe d. start your day with a fortified breakfast cereal made with refined grains and added sugars
choose frozen berries with no added sugars instead of sweetened frozen berries, add baked acorn squash as side with dinner , choose brown rice instead of white rice in a recipe
The Dietary Guidelines urges Americans to: a. consume 3 or more ounces/ day of grains, making half the choices from whole grains. b. chooses fiber-rich fruits, vegetables, and grains often. c. consumes only whole grain. d. incorporates at least 3 ounces/ day of refined grains.
consume 3 or more ounces per day of grains, making half the choices from whole grains, and choose fiber-rich, vegetables, and grains often.
which of the following can assist the digestion of carbohydrates even before food enters the mouth? a. storing food in the refrigerator. b. storing food at room temperature. c. freezing food. d. cooking food
cooking food
a high-fiber diet may improve blood cholesterol measurements because: a. increased insulin secretion results in lower cholesterol synthesis in the liver b. fatty acids produced during fermentation of soluble fiber in the larger intestine may reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver. c. high-fiber foods are rich in heart-healthy HDLs and low in LDLs. d. soluble fiber inhibits cholesterol absorption from the small intestine.
fatty acids produced during fermentation of soluble fiber in the large intestine may reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver, and soluble fiber inhibits cholesterol absorption from the small intestine..
Sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides: glucose and a. galactose b. glucose c. fructose
fructose
what is the major monosaccharide in the body? a. galactose b. sucrose c. fructose d. glucose
glucose
which of the following are monosaccharides? a. glucose b. fructose c. galactose d. sucrose
glucose, fructose, and galactose
which grouping contains all monosaccharides? a. glucose, fructose, galactose b. lactose, fructose, sucrose c. glucose, sucrose, fructose d. Maltose, fructose, galactose
glucose, fructose, glucose
The advantage of the branched structure of ___ is that it allows multiple enzymes to attach to its structure and break it apart quickly a. glucose b. glycogen c. sucrose
glycogen
glucose can be stored in the liver or muscle tissue in the form of a. amino acids b. starch c. soluble fiber d. glycogen
glycogen
glucose can be stored in the liver or muscle tissue in the form of a. glycogen b. amino acids c. starch d. soluble fiber
glycogen
what are the forms of carbohydrate that can be used by the cell as fuel? a. fiber b. glycogen c. polypeptides d. glucose
glycogen and glucose
choose the substances that are classified as dietary fiber. a. gums b. cellulose c. pectins d. amylose e. hemicelluloses
gums, cellulose, pectins, hemicelluloses
amylopectin
highly branched chain of glucose units
Lactose ___ is a condition in which significant symptoms, such as abdominal gas and bloating appear as a result of severe lactose maldigestion
intolerance
