The Digestion System Practice Questions

Where is the cardiac region of the stomach located? - at the entry of the stomach - above the point of esophageal entry - at the inferior end of the stomach - along the distal portion of the greater curvature

- at the entry of the stomach

What are lingual papillae? - ridges on the roof of the mouth - structures that anchor the lips to the gums - bumps on the surface of the tongue - bumps on the inner surface of the cheeks

- bumps on the surface of the tongue

Match each tooth type with its description: - canine - chisel-like edges - premolars and molars - broad surfaces - incisors - pointed

- canine: pointed - premolars and molars: broad surfaces - incisors: chisel-like edges

Which two structures are essential for all of the following: chewing, speech, sucking, and blowing? - cheeks - lips - tongue - frenulum - esophagus

- cheeks - lips

Which involve digestion? Select all that apply. - excretion of waste products - absorption of water - chemical breakdown of food - consolidation of feces - mechanical breakdown of food

- chemical breakdown of food - mechanical breakdown of food

What is the large intestine that excludes the cecum, rectum, and anal canal called? - alimentary - mesentary - colon - appendix

- colon

Which describes gastric pits? - cells that produce hydrochloric acid - longitudinal folds in the gastric lining - depressions in the gastric mucosa

- depressions in the gastric mucosa

Pepsin

- digests proteins in the stomach

What type of salivary glands are the the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands? - palatine - pharyngeal - intrinsic - extrinsic

- extrinsic

What are the 3 components of gastric juice?

- hydrochloric acid - water - pepsin

Which describes the fundus of the stomach? - it is the narrow terminal region. - it is the dome-shaped superior region. - it is the large main region. - it is the region adjacent to the distal portion of the lesser curvature.

- it is the dome-shaped superior region.

Which are found in saliva? - mucus - lysozyme - pepsin - lipase - gastrin - amylase - fibrin - water

- mucus - lysozyme - lipase - amylase - water

Match each tooth region with its description: - neck - where the crown, root, and gum meet - root - portion of the tooth above the gum - crown - portion of the tooth below the gum

- neck: where the crown, root, and gum meet - root: portion of the tooth below the gum - crown: portion of the tooth above the gum

The catabolic products of which of the following are absorbed into the blood? Select all that apply. - lipids - proteins - carbohydrates

- proteins - carbohydrates

What are the functions of the lips and cheeks? - pushing food between the teeth for chewing - sucking - speech articulation - mechanical digestion

- pushing food between the teeth for chewing - sucking - speech articulation

Aminopeptidase

- removes amino acids from -NH2 end of amino acid chain.

Carboxypeptidase

- removes amino acids from the -COOH end of an amino acid chain

Which of the following are functions of the oral cavity? - speech - respiration - absorption of nutrients - ingestion - excretion of wastes

- speech - respiration - ingestion

Dipeptidase

- splits a molecule of two amino acids

What is the function of pepsin? - to stimulate gastric juice production - to digest protein - to digest lipids - to stimulate the movement of chyme into the duodenum

- to digest protein

Most digestion occurs in the stomach, while most absorption occurs in the small intestine. True or false?

False - most digestion and absorption occurs in the small intestine.

Enzymes that digest lipids are called ______________.

Lipase

Name the enzymes that are located within the plasma membranes of enterocytes of the small intestine.

brush border enzymes

The physical breakdown of food into smaller particles is known as _______________ digestion.

mechanical

In the digestion system, water is absorbed through the process of _____________________, following the absorption of salts and organic nutrients.

osmosis

What are the functions of the large intestine?

water and electrolyte absorption

The selective intake of food is known as _________.

ingestion

The digestion of starch by amylase results in the production of which of the following? - Oligosaccharides and glycerol - Disaccharides and sucrose - Disaccharides and cellulose - Oligosaccharides and maltose

- Oligosaccharides and maltose

Which are the stimuli for defecation? Select all that apply. - Stretching of the descending colon - Stretching of the stomach - Stretching of the sigmoid colon - Stretching of the rectum

- Stretching of the sigmoid colon - Stretching of the rectum

What is achieved with small intestinal muscle contractions? Select all that apply. - The mechanical digestion of food. - The mixing of chyme with secretions. - An increased secretion rate. - An increased contact of chyme with the intestinal lining. - The propelling of contents along with the intestines.

- The mixing of chyme with secretions. - An increased contact of chyme with the intestinal lining. - The propelling of contents along with the intestines.

Which describes tooth enamel? - the outer layer of the tooth - a cell-free protective layer over the crown - a layer lining the root canal - a hard yellowish tissue

- a cell-free protective layer over the crown

Which of the following describes dentin? - a cell-free protective layer over the crown - a connective tissue layer covering the root of the tooth - a soft tissue found in the pulp cavity - a yellowish tissue forming the bulk of the tooth

- a yellowish tissue forming the bulk of the tooth

Match each pancreatic enzyme with its substrate: - amylase - DNA - ribonuclease - fats - lipase - RNA - trypsin - starch - deoxyribonuclease - protein

- amylase --> starch - ribonuclease --> RNA - lipase --> fats - trypsin --> protein - deoxyribonuclease --> DNA

What is a protease?

An enzyme that digests protein.

What are the final 3 centimeters of the large intestine called?

Anal Canal

What are the three phases of gastric activity? - intestinal - esophageal - gastric - hepatic - cephalic - hypothalamic

1) Intestinal 2) Gastric 3) Cephalic

List in the order of passage of bile from its point of secretion in the liver to the duodenum. - bile canaliculus - hepatic duct - bile duct - common hepatic duct - bile ductule

1) bile canaliculus 2) bile ductule 3) hepatic duct 4) common hepatic duct 5) bile duct

List in order: - jejunum - ileum - duodenum

1) duodenum 2) jejunum 3) ileum

What are the 4 lobes of the liver?

1) right 2) left 3) quadrate 4) caudate

The uptake of nutrient molecules is known as ___________.

Absorption

Another name for the act of swallowing is ____________________.

Deglutition

In what process are large drops of fat broken apart into smaller fat droplets?

Emulsification

What are the three phases of gastric activity?

Gastric, Cephalic, Intestinal

The mucus secreting cells in the epithelium of the intestine are called _______________ cells.

Goblet

Parietal cells secrete:

Hydrochloric Acid

State another term for the process of chewing.

Mastication

Mucus cells secrete:

Mucus

When swallowing, a bolus of food moves from the mouth into the ____________ before reaching the esophagus.

Oropharynx

The _________ is a spongy retroperitoneal gland posterior to the greater curvature of the stomach.

Pancreas

Enteroendocrine cells secrete:

Paracrine Compounds

Chief cells secrete:

Pepsinogen

What is the inactive precursor of Pepsin?

Pepsinogen

The substance that functions to moisten the mouth, clean the teeth, inhibit bacterial growth, and aid in swallowing by moistening food is called ___________________.

Saliva

The S-shaped portion of the large intestine, located in the lower left quadrant, is the ________________ colon.

Sigmoid

Name the process of forcefully ejecting stomach or intestinal contents via the esophagus and mouth.

Vomiting

Which are found in intestinal juice? Secretin Chymotrypsin Water Bicarbonate Mucus

Water & Mucus

The segment of the digestive tract found on the right side of the abdomen is the ___________ colon.

ascending

A series of hydrolysis reactions that break dietary macromolecules into their monomers is ________________.

chemical digestion

List the components of bile:

cholesterol, bile acids, phospholipids, and bile pigments

The soupy mixture of semi-digested food formed in the stomach is known as ____________.

chyme

The portion of the stomach between the fundus and the pyloric regions is known as the ____________.

corpus

The portion of the large intestine found between the transverse and sigmoid colon on the left side of the abdominal cavity is the ________________ colon

descending

The pancreatic islets are the __________ portion of the pancreas, while the majority of the pancreas is an _____________ gland secreting enzymes and sodium bicarbonate.

endocrine; exocrine

The sac on the underside of the liver that serves to store and concentrate bile is called the _____________.

gallbladder

Within the fundus and the body of the stomach, which tubular glands open into the gastric pits?

gastric glands

Mucus-secreting epithelial cells:

goblet cells

List the blood vessels that carry blood to the liver:

hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein

What are the microscopic structural subunits of the liver?

hepatic lobules

A __________ is an enzyme that digests protein.

protease

The rhythmic, wave-like contraction of the smooth muscles of the digestive tract is known as _____________.

peristalsis

Name the narrowed distal region of the stomach:

pyloric region

The portions of the large intestine that are located in the pelvic cavity are the _____________ and anal canal.

rectum

The longitudinal wrinkles in the lining of the stomach are called gastric _________________.

rugae

Name the liver function that contributes to the process of digestion:

secretion of bile

Muscular contractions called ______________ involve alternating ring-like constrictions at several places along the intestine.

segmentation

Minerals in the diet are absorbed in the _______________ ___________.

small intestine