Exam 2 Nutrition
The recommended percentage of energy from protein is __________ of one's daily calorie intake.
10-35%
The minimum amount of carbohydrates needed daily is __________ grams.
130
The nutrition analysis of your favorite fast food meal indicated it contained 20 grams of fat! How many calories are provided by the fat?
180 calories
Proteins consist of a chain of some combination of __________ unique amino acids.
20
An 8-ounce glass of low-fat chocolate milk contains 160 calories and 8 grams of protein. What percent of the calories in the milk comes from protein?
20%
What are individuals with an inherited disorder known as phenylketonuria (PKU) unable to metabolize?
Aspartame (NutraSweet® or Equal®)
Limited amounts of surplus amino acids are stored in your body in your __________.
amino acid pools
Saturated fats are most likely to be found in ________.
animal products such as meat and dairy
A healthy immune system depends on an adequate supply of which of the following types of proteins?
antibodies
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for dietary fat is __________.
between 20 and 35 percent of your daily calories
What food could you eat with brown rice to make sure you receive all of the amino acids your body needs?
black beans
Proteins play important roles in your body, including to __________.
help you fight the flu
The lipoprotein that removes cholesterol from the tissues and delivers it to the liver to be used is ________.
high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
The majority of trans fats in foods are created by food manufacturers through the process of _________.
hydrogenation
What hormone is needed to move the glucose in your blood from the food you ate into your body's cells?
insulin
During the digestive process, most lipids are absorbed ________.
into the lymphatic system
People with a deficiency of the enzyme lactase cannot properly digest ________.
lactose or milk sugar
All of the following organs assist in the digestion of lipids except the ________.
large intestine
Bile is made in the __________ and stored in the __________.
liver; gallbladder
Health benefits of a varied and balanced vegetarian diet include __________.
lower blood pressure
Dietary cholesterol is found in all of these foods except __________.
margarine
Which of these elements is found in protein but not in carbohydrates and lipids?
nitrogen
A body that retains more nitrogen than it excretes is in __________.
positive nitrogen balance
Trans fats are unhealthy for your heart because they __________.
raise low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels
Which of the following will not denature a protein?
refrigerating milk
Which of the following foods are the richest sources of omega-3 fatty acids?
salmon and other cold water fish
Which of the following foods provide the best sources of heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids?
sardines for lunch and salmon for dinner
Which of these dietary components raises low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol the most?
saturated fat
After enjoying a cheeseburger and a glass of fat-free milk, where does the majority of the chemical digestion of the protein occur?
small intestine
Most chemical digestion of fat occurs in the ________.
small intestine
What happens to the amino acids that are absorbed after the digestive process is complete?
some are deaminated, while nitrogen converts into urea, carbon containing remains used to make glucose to use for energy or store as fat
Which of the following is a source of complete protein?
soy milk
Which of the following is an example of a complex carbohydrate?
starch
An acceptable main dish for a vegan would be __________
stir-fried tofu and brown rice
Reducing the consumption of __________ will have the biggest impact on decreasing the amount of added sugars that Americans consume.
sugar-sweeten beverages
Kwashiorkor is a type of protein-energy malnutrition that develops when __________.
there is a severe deficiency of protein in the diet but an adequate amount of calories
The primary lipid in your body is __________.
triglycerides
Unless carefully planned, vegan diets may lack which of the following essential nutrients?
vitamins D and B12 and the minerals calcium and iron
Fatty acids are classified by ________
whether the carbon has a double or single bond between them
Which of the following types of grain provides the most nutrients?
whole grains
Which of these food items contains the most dietary cholesterol per serving?
whole milk
Which of the following provides at least one serving of a whole grain food?
3/4 cups of oatmeal with fat free milk
Carbohydrates provide __________ calories per gram
4
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) recommends __________ percent of total daily calories should come from carbohydrate.
45-65
If a food contained 25 grams of carbohydrate and 200 calories per serving, what percent of the calories in this food come from carbohydrate?
50%
Charlie is a 22-year-old male non-athlete who weighs 70 kg. How much protein should he consume daily?
56 grams
How many amino acids are considered essential to humans?
9
The part of the protein molecule that contains nitrogen is called the ________.
amine group
__________ occurs when small bulging pouches are found along the intestinal lining.
Diverticulosis
Which of the following are current dietary fat recommendations for good health?
Limit your fat intake to 20 to 35 percent of your total calories.
Which of these lipoproteins has the highest percentage of cholesterol?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
Which of these is healthiest?
a high level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
Which of the following foods are good sources of monounsaturated fatty acids?
cashews
Which of the following foods is a source of complete proteins?
chicken breast
Complete protein is found abundantly in __________.
dairy
The process that destroys the shape and activity of proteins when heat, acid, salts or pressure is applied is known as __________.
denaturation
Sucrose is a __________.
disaccharide
To obtain calcium, vegans can consume __________.
dry beans
Which of the following behaviors can help reduce your risk of Type 2 diabetes?
eating a high-fiber, plant-based diet and exercising regularly
All of the following are major classes of dietary lipids except __________.
eicosanoids
Which of the following can help someone who is lactose intolerant to enjoy dairy products?
enjoying cheese a little at a time
To raise your level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, you can __________.
exercise more
Which of the following oil is a good source of the essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid?
flaxseed oil
Which of the following nutrients are added to enriched grains?
folic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and iron
What hormone, released from the pancreas in response to a low blood glucose level, acts to raise blood sugar back to normal?
glucagon
The most abundant carbohydrate in nature is ________.
glucose
The "backbone" of a triglyceride is a __________ molecule.
glycerol
Which of the following is a major function of protein in the human body?
growth and maintenance of new tissue
Dietary fiber is associated with a reduced risk for ________.
heart disease