Exam 2 Nutrition

The recommended percentage of energy from protein is __________ of one's daily calorie intake.

10-35%

The minimum amount of carbohydrates needed daily is __________ grams.

130

The nutrition analysis of your favorite fast food meal indicated it contained 20 grams of fat! How many calories are provided by the fat?

180 calories

Proteins consist of a chain of some combination of __________ unique amino acids.

20

An 8-ounce glass of low-fat chocolate milk contains 160 calories and 8 grams of protein. What percent of the calories in the milk comes from protein?

20%

What are individuals with an inherited disorder known as phenylketonuria (PKU) unable to metabolize?

Aspartame (NutraSweet® or Equal®)

Limited amounts of surplus amino acids are stored in your body in your __________.

amino acid pools

Saturated fats are most likely to be found in ________.

animal products such as meat and dairy

A healthy immune system depends on an adequate supply of which of the following types of proteins?

antibodies

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for dietary fat is __________.

between 20 and 35 percent of your daily calories

What food could you eat with brown rice to make sure you receive all of the amino acids your body needs?

black beans

Proteins play important roles in your body, including to __________.

help you fight the flu

The lipoprotein that removes cholesterol from the tissues and delivers it to the liver to be used is ________.

high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

The majority of trans fats in foods are created by food manufacturers through the process of _________.

hydrogenation

What hormone is needed to move the glucose in your blood from the food you ate into your body's cells?

insulin

During the digestive process, most lipids are absorbed ________.

into the lymphatic system

People with a deficiency of the enzyme lactase cannot properly digest ________.

lactose or milk sugar

All of the following organs assist in the digestion of lipids except the ________.

large intestine

Bile is made in the __________ and stored in the __________.

liver; gallbladder

Health benefits of a varied and balanced vegetarian diet include __________.

lower blood pressure

Dietary cholesterol is found in all of these foods except __________.

margarine

Which of these elements is found in protein but not in carbohydrates and lipids?

nitrogen

A body that retains more nitrogen than it excretes is in __________.

positive nitrogen balance

Trans fats are unhealthy for your heart because they __________.

raise low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels

Which of the following will not denature a protein?

refrigerating milk

Which of the following foods are the richest sources of omega-3 fatty acids?

salmon and other cold water fish

Which of the following foods provide the best sources of heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids?

sardines for lunch and salmon for dinner

Which of these dietary components raises low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol the most?

saturated fat

After enjoying a cheeseburger and a glass of fat-free milk, where does the majority of the chemical digestion of the protein occur?

small intestine

Most chemical digestion of fat occurs in the ________.

small intestine

What happens to the amino acids that are absorbed after the digestive process is complete?

some are deaminated, while nitrogen converts into urea, carbon containing remains used to make glucose to use for energy or store as fat

Which of the following is a source of complete protein?

soy milk

Which of the following is an example of a complex carbohydrate?

starch

An acceptable main dish for a vegan would be __________

stir-fried tofu and brown rice

Reducing the consumption of __________ will have the biggest impact on decreasing the amount of added sugars that Americans consume.

sugar-sweeten beverages

Kwashiorkor is a type of protein-energy malnutrition that develops when __________.

there is a severe deficiency of protein in the diet but an adequate amount of calories

The primary lipid in your body is __________.

triglycerides

Unless carefully planned, vegan diets may lack which of the following essential nutrients?

vitamins D and B12 and the minerals calcium and iron

Fatty acids are classified by ________

whether the carbon has a double or single bond between them

Which of the following types of grain provides the most nutrients?

whole grains

Which of these food items contains the most dietary cholesterol per serving?

whole milk

Which of the following provides at least one serving of a whole grain food?

3/4 cups of oatmeal with fat free milk

Carbohydrates provide __________ calories per gram

4

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) recommends __________ percent of total daily calories should come from carbohydrate.

45-65

If a food contained 25 grams of carbohydrate and 200 calories per serving, what percent of the calories in this food come from carbohydrate?

50%

Charlie is a 22-year-old male non-athlete who weighs 70 kg. How much protein should he consume daily?

56 grams

How many amino acids are considered essential to humans?

9

The part of the protein molecule that contains nitrogen is called the ________.

amine group

__________ occurs when small bulging pouches are found along the intestinal lining.

Diverticulosis

Which of the following are current dietary fat recommendations for good health?

Limit your fat intake to 20 to 35 percent of your total calories.

Which of these lipoproteins has the highest percentage of cholesterol?

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Which of these is healthiest?

a high level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol

Which of the following foods are good sources of monounsaturated fatty acids?

cashews

Which of the following foods is a source of complete proteins?

chicken breast

Complete protein is found abundantly in __________.

dairy

The process that destroys the shape and activity of proteins when heat, acid, salts or pressure is applied is known as __________.

denaturation

Sucrose is a __________.

disaccharide

To obtain calcium, vegans can consume __________.

dry beans

Which of the following behaviors can help reduce your risk of Type 2 diabetes?

eating a high-fiber, plant-based diet and exercising regularly

All of the following are major classes of dietary lipids except __________.

eicosanoids

Which of the following can help someone who is lactose intolerant to enjoy dairy products?

enjoying cheese a little at a time

To raise your level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, you can __________.

exercise more

Which of the following oil is a good source of the essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid?

flaxseed oil

Which of the following nutrients are added to enriched grains?

folic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and iron

What hormone, released from the pancreas in response to a low blood glucose level, acts to raise blood sugar back to normal?

glucagon

The most abundant carbohydrate in nature is ________.

glucose

The "backbone" of a triglyceride is a __________ molecule.

glycerol

Which of the following is a major function of protein in the human body?

growth and maintenance of new tissue

Dietary fiber is associated with a reduced risk for ________.

heart disease