Exam 2 psychology

Which of the following statements about sleep deprivation is false?

Sleep deprivation is associated with obesity.

Agonists bind to ________ and antagonists bind to ________.

receptors; receptors

Glucose, a small uncharged molecule, can pass through the cell membrane, but sodium ions do not pass through the membrane easily. What is the most accurate explanation for these findings?

The cell membrane is semi-permeable.

Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness?

evolutionary

Seeing the light from the sun, feeling the warmth of a room, and hearing the voice of a friend are all examples of ________ stimuli.

external

The effects of neurotransmitters tend to be ________, whereas the effects of hormones tend to be ________.

fast; long lasting

Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the human brain.

folds; grooves

A state of ________, as shown by EEG recordings of new practitioners, is not an altered state of consciousness; however, patterns of brain waves exhibited by expert practitioners may represent a unique state of consciousness.

meditation

Hyperpolarization means that the ________.

membrane potential becomes slightly more negative than the resting potential

Which of the following is an example of a synthetic opioid?

methadone

Kelsey had a CT scan that showed a tumor in the right frontal cortex. Which of the following behavioral symptoms most likely prompted the scan to take place?

motor skill deficits in the left side of her body

Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Samek may have ________.

narcolepsy

Morphine is considered a(n) ________ drug because it decreases pain.

opioid

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________.

parasomnias

The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract.

parasympathetic

Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer?

Rosalind Cartwright

Diabetes is a(n) ________ disorder because insulin is a ________.

endocrine; hormone

Which of the following is not a disadvantage of PET scanning?

An alternative diagnostic tool is fMRI.

Which theorist suggested that dreaming may represent a state of protoconsciousness?

Carl Jung

Who described the collective unconscious?

Carl Jung

Henry Gustav Molaison (H. M.) had brain surgery for which of the following reasons?

He had severe seizures.

Which of the following statements about sleep-wake cycles is false?

Melatonin initiates the waking cycle.

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.

REM

Why can amphetamines be used to treat ADHD in children?

They decrease neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with hyperactivity.

Which of the following is not a hindbrain structure?

amygdala

Which type of chemical messenger do the male gonads secrete?

androgens

Which of the following higher level processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?

breathing

Xi needs to stay awake another hour to study for his English final, so he drinks several cups of cola. When he's done studying, he finds that he can't sleep even though he wants to, he feels agitated, his muscles twitch, his heartbeat is irregular, and he feels nauseated. What is causing Xi to feel this way?

caffeine

The ________ connects the brain and the spinal cord.

cerebellum

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.

chromosomes; DNA

Which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitters in the synapse?

collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release

Which of the following is an example of wakefulness?

competing in a marathon

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________.

consciousness

Alcohol is considered a ________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity.

depressant

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.

depression

________ is a neurotransmitter involved in mood, reward, addiction, and motor behavior.

dopamine

Parsons et al. are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use?

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Wendy's mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendy's ________ must be ________ and her father's must be Bb.

genotype; Bb

The myelin sheath consists of a(n) ________.

glial cell

When Brady is hot he sweats. When Brady is cold, he gets goose bumps on his skin so he will warm up more quickly. This is an example of how the body tries to achieve ________.

homeostasis

Clive Wearing could remember which of the following types of memory?

how to play the piano

Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)?

kicking and punching while asleep

A theta wave is a type of ________.

low frequency, low amplitude brain wave

Which of the following is not a part of the fight or flight response?

running away

Which state is marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest while awake?

sleep

Crack is considered more addictive than cocaine because it is ________.

smokable, so it reaches the brain more quickly

Sleepwalking is also referred to as ________.

somnambulism

Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________.

suffers from chronic sleep deprivation

Considerable debate occurs regarding the use of anabolic steroid drugs like ________ in professional athletes and bodybuilders.

testosterone

Studying close relatives allows behavioral geneticists to determine ________.

the relative contributions of genes and environment in a population